How the French Won Waterloo - or Think They Did
Page 23
cemetries, 208
Cent Jours, Les, 43
‘c’est la Bérézina’, 16
Chaboulon, Pierre Alexandre Fleury de, 167
Chambre des Députés, 41
Chambre des Pairs, 41
Champaubert, Battle of, 28
Champs-Elysées, xii
Chapelle de Saint-Jérôme, 198
Chapelle Expiatoire, 199
Chaptal, Jean-Antoine, 238
Chapuis, Colonel, 67
Charleroi, 164
Charles X, 151
Charras, Jean-Baptiste-Adolphe, 60, 61–2, 103, 162
Charte constitutionelle, 234–5
Château de Fontainebleau, 31
Château de Vincennes, 104
Chateaubriand, Céleste de, 114, 146
Chateaubriand, Viscount François-René, 177
Château-Thierry, 28
Chatrian, Alexandre, 112
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, 183
citizen king (Louis-Philippe), 152
Civirieux, Larreguy de, 75, 105
Code Civil, 211
Code Napoléon, 211–14
Coignet, Captain, 91, 93
colonies, 7
Comédie Française, 14, 239
Comédie Humaine, 169
Communards, 207
Conscript of 1813, The, 112
conscripts, 99
Constant, Louis Rilliet de, 106, 147
co-propriété, 212
Corrèze, 104
Corsica, 140
Cossacks, 18, 19, 34
coup d’etat 1799, 5, 145
Craonne, 29
‘Creation’ (Haydn), 6
Czech Republic, 193–4
Damamme, Jean-Claude, xii, 5, 6, 27, 49–50, 89, 90, 164, 165
animal abuse, 80
on British officers, 100
his distaste for England, 135
on Wellington, 94
Daublé, Julie-Victoire, 216
deaths, in battle, 232
defeat, 92, 114
de Gaulle, see Gaulle
déjeuner à la fourchette, 48
Delort, General, 78
Denon, Dominique Vivant, 210
d’Erlon, Jean-Baptiste, 81
Desaix, Louis Charles, 68
d’Escola, Edouard, xii
Dessales, General Victor-Albert, 58
Dictionnaire Napoléon, Le, 231
Dino, Duchesse de, 156
doctors 31 see also surgeons
Don Juan, 185
droits réunis, 230
Drouot, General Antoine, 70, 90
drummer boys, 40
Dumoulin, Louis, xiii, 196
Dupuy, Victor, 98
‘Duroc, Baron’, 141
Duroc, Marshal Michel, 68
Durutte, General Pierre François Joseph, 91
Dutch, paid by British, 6
Duthilt, Captain Pierre-Charles, 57, 90
eagles, 97, 195, 204, 205, 264
Ecole Militaire, 23, 41
Ecole Normale Supérieure, 217
Ecole Polytechnique, 217
economic model, 235–8
economic tranquillity, 243
education, discipline in, 217–18
Edward VII, 198
Elba, 32–6
elections, 41
elite, French, 235
embargo against Britain, 12
England, Napoleon’s invasion plans, 165
English, see also British
army supplies, 57
cannons, 77
centre, 85
charge, 89
‘Entrevue d’Erfurt’, 14
Erckmann, Emile, 112
Exelmans, Rémy, 125
factories of Wolverhampton, 236
Fauveau, Carabinier Antoine, 203
Fayette, Marquis de La, 122
film of Waterloo, 82
films, French, 115
Finland, 14
Fitzgerald, Lady Charlotte, 135
folk tales, 11
Fondation Napoléon, 161
Fontainebleau, 222, 245
adieux at, 32, 178
food supplies, 20
foreign occupation, 112
Fouché Joseph, 119–21, 125
Fox, James, 7, 8
fox-hunting, 100
Foy, General Maximilien, 48, 55, 93, 97
France, exhausted by war, 232
François, Prince, 155
Franco-Russian treaty, 14
Franz I, 23, 32
freedom
individuals, 212–13
press, 39, 41, 235, 241
religion, 235
speech, 8
French
actors, 239–40
army, 19, 34, 48, 103–4
casualties, 29, 106–7
cavalry, xiii, 78, 79
crafts, 237
education system, xv, 215–18
Empire in June 1812, 17
films, 115
fleet, 13
government, xv
and the Industrial Revolution, 114
language, 245
law, 211–12
luxury industry, 237
national theatre, 239
navy, 231
Parliament, 40
ports, 6
Presidents, xv, 214
Prime Minister, 214–15
Resistance, 113
revisionism, xiv, 96
Revolution, 5, 7, 186
royalists, 106, 231
Socialist Party, 117–18
soldiers, 56, 57, 93, 103, 105, 106
spirit, xv, 175, 245
Friedland, 49
Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia, 4, 220
Fröhliche Wissenschaft, 188
full-frontal assault, 77
Gallo, Max, 18, 59, 61
Garde Impériale, 87–92, 99, 107, 109, 173
Gaulle, Charles de, 96, 117, 229
Genappe, 93
George III, 7, 13
Gérard, Etienne-Maurice, 83, 84
German princedoms, 11
Gironde, MP for, 230
gloire, 102
Gneisenau, General August Neidhardt von, 123
God and Napoleon, 54
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 189
gold, Napoleon’s, 23
Gourgaud, General Gaspard, 180
Grace, Princess, 223
Grande Armée, 11, 34, 69, 71, 170, 223
march to Paris 36–8
monument, 207
and Moscow, 18–22
veterans, 55, 169
grapeshot, 76, 81
Grimm brothers, 11
Grouchy, Emmanuel de, 69, 98, 99, 119, 125, 206
beat Prussians, 118
inactivity, 88
marching away from battle, 83–5
strawberry breakfast, 66–7
Halles, Les, 208
Hamilton, Monsieur, 86
Harrow, 181
Haxo, General François-Nicolas, 74
Haydn, 6
Haye Sainte, La 85
Hegel, Georg, 186–7
Heymès, Colonel, 65, 87
Histoire de France, 4
Histoire de la Campagne de 1815 - Waterloo, 60, 103
Histoire des derniers jours de la Grand Armée, 53
Hitler, Adolf, 113, 205
HMS, see under name
Holland, 5, 17
Hollert, Maître, 67
Home, Midshipman George, 128–34
Hotham, Admiral William, 130
Hougoumont, 73, 75, 89
Houssaye, Henry, 110–11, 163
Howard, Major Frederick, 183
Hudson Lowe face au jugement des Anglais, 142–3
Hugo, Victor, 89, 136, 149, 187, 238, 241
anti-war writing, 176
comparing Napoleon and Wellington, 175
described the carnage, 80
describing Ney, 91
exile, 172
father, 171
glorious victory, 174<
br />
greatness of Napoleon, 174
and Hougoumont, 75
Les Misérables, 60, 71, 75, 80, 91, 112, 174, 238
‘L’Expiation’, 172–4
‘merde’, 110–11
‘morne plaine’, 52, 172
and Napoleon’s funeral, 156–7
Napoleon’s fate, 53–4
Napoleon’s legacy, 211
Napoleon’s ‘local pains’, 60
‘ravine of death’, 82–3
tragic heroes, 71
‘Waterloo’, 109
Hundred Years War, 4
image of military power, 203
Impressionism, 242, 244
Inconstant, 37
India, 13, 14, 15
infantrymen, 85
Ingres, 204
Invalides, 156, 158, 172, 174, 198, 201, 205, 214, 217, 221
‘iron cage’, 38
Isabey, Jean-Baptiste, 204
Italy, 5, 17
Jaurès, Jean, 117–18
Jena, Battle of, 186
Jobit, Captain, 33
Journal Général de France, 92
juge d’instruction, 212
Lago Maggiore, laurel tree, 184
L’Aiglon, 223
Lainé, Joseph, 230
Lamartine, Alphonse de, 153, 155
Lannes, Marshal Jean, 68
Laon, 29
Larousse’s encyclopaedia, 233–4
Larrey, Barron, 60
Las Cases, Emmanuel de, 21, 84, 143, 144, 148, 163, 211
Laudy, Lucien, 59
laws, 4
Lefebvre, Marshal François-Joseph, 30, 32
Lefol, General Etienne, 71
legal systems
basis of, 213–14
combined, 212
Legros, Sous-lieutenant, 75
Leipzig, 25, 26, 181
l’Elysée, 215
Lemonnier-Delafosse, Captain Marie Jean Baptiste, 55, 86, 87, 93, 98
‘L’Expiation’, 172–4
Lignereux, Aurélien, 40
Ligny, 50, 53, 55
Battle of, 106, 166
Lion d’Or, 118, 147
Lobkowitz, Prince Franz Joseph von, 190
Lodi, 145
Longwood House, 141, 149, 248–9
Louis XIV, body of, 199
Louis XVIII, 34, 35, 146, 151, 171, 229, 234
administration, 211
army, 147
brother, 38
royalists, 82
Louis-Philippe, 151–3, 157
flees to England, 158
Louvre, The, 208–10
Lowe, Sir Hudson, 140, 142, 144, 148, 178
Lucchesini, Marquis Girolamo, 4
‘Lui’, 171
luxury industry, 244
lycées, 216
Lyon, 38
uprising in, 120
Maitland, Captain Frederick Lewis, 128, 129, 144
‘march to the cannon’, 83
Marengo, Battle of, 49, 68, 184, 221
Marggraf, Andreas Sigismund, 220
market, 208
Marmont, Marshal Auguste, 30, 206
Marseillaise, La 38
Martin, Lieutenant Jacques-François, 56, 63, 71
Mauduit, Hippolyte de, 53, 56, 69, 105
Médaille de Sainte-Hélène, 158
Mémoires d’Outre-Tombe, 177
memorabilia, Napoleonic 184–5, 221–8, 222, 245–6
Mémorial de Saint-Hélène, Le, 144–6
Mercer, Captain Alexander Cavalié, 78, 79
‘Merde’, 92, 111
merde, 110–15
Metternich, Clemens, 24, 42, 77
Meuse, River, 165
Michelet, Jules, 4
military music, 104
military units, 10
ministerial red boxes, 204
Misérables, Les, 60, 71, 75, 80, 91, 112, 174, 238
anti-war writing, 176
French patriotism, 175
fun of British, 111
merde, 110
Napoleon and God, 53–4
Ney, Michel, 91
Monge, Gaspard, 126–7
Mont Saint-Jean, 52
Montereau, 29
Montholon, General Charles de, 126
Montmarte, 242
Mormant, 29
Moscow, 20, 21–2
mud, 56, 57, 63
Muiron, Jean-Baptiste, 68
Murat, Joachim, 68
museum, new, at Waterloo, xiii
music in France, 241
muskets, 77
Napoléon homme de guerre, 163
Napoleon see Bonaparte, Napoleon
Napoléon III, Emperor 113, 159, 172, 198 see also Bonaparte, Louis-Napoléon
Napoleon on Board the Bellerophon, 131
Napoleonic Wars, 3, 5
and allies, 26
bloodiest day of, 19
last battle of, 96, 125
Napoléon: l’Immortel de Sainte-Hélène, 18
‘Napoleon’s Farewell’, 182
‘Napoleon’s shadow’, 68
Nassau regiment, 74
nature and Waterloo, 52
Nelson, Admiral, 13
New Army, The, 118
newspapers, 39
Ney, Marshal Michel, 38, 50, 91, 101, 206
and artillery attack, 85–7
and cavalry charge, 78–82
charged with treason, 81
death-wish, 89
description of, 65–6
Nietzsche, Frederich, 188, 189
Northumberland, HMS, 133
Norway, monument, 196
Nouveau Larousse Illustré, 96
‘Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte’, 181
Old Guard, 31, 43, 47, 64, 66, 69, 104, 106, 108, 120, 124, 125
Orchardson, William Quiller, 131
Orgon, riot in, 231
Palmerston, Lord Henry John Temple, 155
Panorama, xii, 196–7
Parc Napoléon, 247
Paris, 30
auction house, 222
funeral procession, 156
Napoleon flees to, 120
Napoleon’s march north to, 37
shops, 237
speech in, 42
tomb, 160
Parisian taxis, 113
Parisians, rich, 29
parliament, 41, 151, 235
pavements, 208
peace in Europe, 232
Père Lachaise, 208
Petit, General, 109
Philippeville, 118
Pitt the Younger, William, 7–8
Place Vendôme, 207
Plymouth, 132
poison, 31
Poland, 17
Polish Legion, 195
Polish National anthem, 195
Ponsonby, Sir William, 78
Pope, 209
post-Napoleonic France, 234
press
British, 124, 132
censorship, 151
freedom, 39, 41, 235, 241
pro-royalist revolt 1793, 39
Prussia, 24, 27, 42
defection of, 23
France falls to, 123
Prussian, 28, 29
Ambassador, 4, 5
army, xii, 24, 106, 118
atrocities, 93
cannons, 86
lines, 50
War, 112
Prussians, 69, 83, 85, 93, 100, 166, 180
paid by British, 6
Valmy, at, 151
Quatre-Bras, 50, 94
Racine, 31
‘ravine of death’, 82, 83
re-enactments, xiv, 64, 194, 225, 227, 228
Réfutation des calomnies de la vie de Napoléon par Walter Scott, 180
Reille, Marshal Honoré, 70
retour des cendres, 159
rifle manufacture, 104
River Berezina, 169
River Meuse, 165
roads, 55
Rochefort, 123, 126, 128
Rocquencourt, 125
Rostand,
Edmond, 223
Rouge et le Noir, Le, 168, 169
Rougemont, Michel-Nicolas Balison de, 110
royalist revolt, 6, 9
Russia, 12, 14, 19, 24, 27, 42
buying British goods, 17
war with, 15
Russian, 5, 28, 47
retreat, 20
troops, xii, 30
Saint Helena, 84, 132, 229, 248
memorial ceremony, 249
Saint-Denis, 199
Saint-Nicaise, rue, attack on Napoleon, 5
St Petersburg, 21
Sarkozy, Nicolas, 214
satire, 238
Scandinavia, 12
Scott, Sir Walter, 106, 142, 142–3, 177–80
Scottish, 100, 106, 116, 122, 147, 196
Shelley, Lady Frances, 135
shoes, 141 see also boots
slaughter, senseless, 75
social mobility, 215
soldiers
die on march, 19
last moments, 176
from many countries, 18
ordinary, 69, 99
song, invasion, 239
Sorel, Julien, 169
Sorrows of Young Werther, The, 189
Soult, Marshal Jean-de-Dieu, 66, 69–70, 80, 85
Souvenirs d’un cadet, 105
Souvenirs Militaires, 86, 98
Spain, 14, 17, 66
Stendhal, Marie-Henri Beyle, 168, 169, 176, 187
strawberry breakfast, 67
streets, 205–6, 208
sugar, 4, 220
surgeons, 60, 80–81, 106, 163
Sweden, 14
Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles-Maurice de, 15, 23, 30, 35, 36, 119, 156, 231
quips of, 26
in Vienna, 42
tax, 230
‘Taxis de la Marne’, 113
teacher-training, 217
Thiebault, General Baron, 237–8
Thiry, Jean, 109–10
Times, The, 124
toilets, 196
Torbay, 132
Toulon, 9, 39, 43, 140, 153
Toulouse, 24, 70
Tours, 121
Trafalgar, 13, 128
tricolour, 48, 152, 168, 212
Tuileries Palace, 23
Tulard, Jean, 17, 231
Undaunted, HMS, 33
uniform, 203–5
Uxbridge, Lord, 78
Valls, Manuel, 246
Vandamme, General Dominique, 53
Vauchamps, 29
Vaulabelle, Achille Tenaille de, 84
vermine verte, 101
Victoria, Queen, 198
Vieille Garde, 88, 108, 179
Vienna, 42
Villepin, Dominique de, xii, 12, 53, 54, 67, 89, 127
French taste for defeat, 114
on governing, 43
Napoleonic memorabilia, 221
Napoleon’s three weapons, 47
Vitoria, and Wellington, 190–1
Voltaire, 131
Wallonie, xiii
Warsaw, statue of Napoleon, 195
Waterloo
accounts of the battle, 46, 57
aftermath, 93
French victory, 97
glorifying, 112, 174
regrouping at, 51
Waterloo (film), 82
Waterloo (play), 112
‘Waterloo’ (poem), 109
Wavre, 84, 86
weather, atrocious, 55
Wellington, Duke of, xiii, 3, 42, 52, 69–70, 74, 83, 118, 136, 175, 243
admired the French navy, 99
anti-French jibes, 35