Across Atlantic Ice

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Across Atlantic Ice Page 42

by Dennis J. Stanford


  fluting

  self-barbed spear point

  shaft wrench

  site

  site comparisons

  style

  Garralda, Maria Dolores

  Gault Site

  Clovis dwelling

  cobble pavement

  habitation

  incised stones

  intensity of use

  overshot flaking study

  refit study

  Genghis Khan

  geologists

  Georges Bank

  Ginsberg butchering experiment

  glacial erosion

  Glacial Lake Missoula

  glaciation, LGM

  glaciers

  climate

  debris

  edge of

  environment

  Fennoscandian

  fore bulge

  freshwater inflow

  Heinrich Events

  ice-free passage

  ice-rafted debris

  loess

  melting of

  North American

  Ramah chert source

  retreat

  sea level

  weight of

  winds

  Goebel, Ted

  Graham, Russell

  Grand Banks

  Atlantic shelf

  fishing

  island chain

  LGM landfall

  mammoth tusk

  migrations

  seals

  shores of

  grass, at Gault Site

  grasses: northern Spain

  productivity

  gravers: Clovis

  definition

  Mesa Site

  multiple

  Solutrean

  spurred end scrapers

  Gravettian

  cluster analysis

  great auk

  Greenman, E. F.

  grinding: bone working

  edge

  platform

  striking surface

  Gulf of Mexico

  Gulf Stream

  gunflint

  Gywnn’s Island Museum

  Hamilton, Tom

  Hamilton Inlet

  haplogroup X, North American

  haplogroups: definition

  mtDNA X

  Harney Flats Site

  Haynes, C. Vance

  hearths: Cactus Hill Site

  Lewisville Site

  lining

  Meadowcroft Rockshelter

  Mesa Site

  Paleo-Indian

  heat treatment: criteria

  description

  eastern Clovis

  Solutrean

  Hebior Site

  Heinrich events

  Hemmings, C. Andrew

  heresy

  Hillaire-Marcel, C.

  hinge fracture

  hippopotamus, pygmy

  historical relationships

  archaeological cultures

  artifacts

  Clovis and Paleolithic Europe

  holes, ice: hunting sea animals at

  Holmes, Charles

  Honshu, Japan

  hooks, atlatl

  Sloth Hole Site

  horizon: clues from beyond

  landmarks

  view over

  horses: Alberta

  in cave art

  environment

  extinction

  Florida

  La Riera Cave

  North America

  northern Spain

  Solutré Site

  Spanish Solutrean

  Hrdlička, Aleš

  hunters: from Asia

  Inuit

  Iñupiat (1968)

  motivation

  Page-Ladson Site

  single

  hunting

  Alaska Paleo-Indian

  ice edge

  indented base points

  intensification of

  La Riera Cave

  late Solutrean

  marine vs. terrestrial

  with nets

  North Atlantic

  northern Spain

  open steppe

  point types

  seals

  self-barbed spear point

  in skin boats

  spear throwing

  watercraft. See also Solutrean hunting

  hypothesis of New World origins: boat critique

  ice-free corridor

  typological and technological trait critique

  Solutrean

  time gap critique

  Iberian Peninsula

  ibex, Spanish Solutrean

  ice

  accelerated melting

  annual

  breathing holes in

  container

  cores

  fog and

  fresh water

  Heinrich events

  islands

  leads

  movement of

  seal hunting

  seal birthing schedule

  seasonal

  survival

  water fowl

  wind

  ice edge: annual migration

  boats and

  environment

  ethographic analogies

  exploitation

  great auk

  hunting

  leads, finding

  location

  resources

  shift

  travel along

  understanding

  icebergs

  movement of

  phytoplankton

  ice-free corridor

  ice-rafted debris (IRD)

  indented base points

  distribution

  harpoon tips

  hunting

  La Riera Cave

  Nogabahara Site

  pre-Clovis

  Spanish Solutrean

  unifacial

  Indonesia

  innovations: clothing

  eyed bone needle

  slotted bone points

  Solutrean

  weapons

  inset blade technologies

  insets, Beringia

  Inuit

  bone sled shoes

  climate

  food

  hunters

  northwest Alaska

  subsistence

  travel

  invention, independent

  IRD (ice-rafted debris)

  islands: Aleutian

  Crete

  Cyprus

  forebulge

  Fontana Nuova di Ragusa

  Georges Bank

  Indonesia

  Izu

  Mediterranean

  Milos

  Near Oceania

  Okinawa

  rookeries. See also Jefferson Island Site

  ivory

  Asia

  Berelekh Site

  Broken Mammoth Site

  burin use on

  Clovis, Blackwater Draw Site

  Clovis artifacts

  flaking

  Florida

  fossil

  inset technology

  marine mammal

  needles

  Solutrean

  technologies

  ivory tools

  distribution

  Florida

  Nenana Complex

  North American

  Japanese sites

  obsidian

  Jefferson Island Site

  burinated blade

  projectile points

  truncated blade

  Johnson, Michael

  Johnson Site

  bifaces

  origin of fluting

  plane face point

  proto-Clovis

  Jomon people, Japan

  Jones-Miller Site

  Kamchatka Peninsula

  Kennewick Man

  Kincaid Rockshelter: cobble pavement

  subsistence at

  knapping: biface manufacture

  challenges

&
nbsp; Clovis

  control

  decisions

  definition

  laurel leafs

  learning

  platform preparation

  principles

  skill

  Solutrean

  Knife River flint

  knives

  from bifacial core

  Cinmar laurel leaf

  Clovis points

  Lime Hills Cave

  rhyolite

  Kobuk River

  Korean whalers

  Kotzebue

  Kozushima

  Krajacic Site

  La Gravette Site

  La Madeleine Site

  La Riera Cave: ambush hunting

  backed bladelets

  base camp

  burins

  dating

  excavation

  fish bones

  hearths

  hunters

  indented base points (see also concave base points)

  marine resources

  meat weight estimates

  non-local raw materials

  occupation

  residential camp

  self-barbed spear point

  size

  Solutrean

  Solutrean levels

  stratigraphy

  temporary shelter

  Upper Solutrean

  Labrador

  Labrador Current

  lagoons

  Lake Chicago

  Lake Michigan

  Lamb Site

  land bridge: Beringian

  connecting continents

  European

  physiography

  landfast ice

  landscape, Clovis

  Last Glacial Maximum. See LGM

  last ice age

  disharmonious environments

  end of

  extinction boundary

  glacier formation

  ice-free corridor

  mammoth extinction

  sea levels

  Solutrean

  western Atlantic

  Laugerie Haute Site

  heat treating

  laurel leafs: British

  caches

  Cinmar

  eastern North American

  edge grinding

  exotic stones

  knapping

  Mid-Atlantic

  laurel leafs, Solutrean

  description

  dynamic systems analysis

  manufacture

  Middle Solutrean

  Portugal

  technology

  Spanish Solutrean

  Volgu Cache

  Lepper, Bradley

  Leroi-Gourhan, André

  Les Maitreaux Site

  biface staging

  blade technology

  flint source

  manufacturing site

  modern investigations

  Solutrean

  Lewisville Site

  LGM (Last Glacial Maximum)

  annual ice

  Arctic colonization

  Beringia

  Canada, eastern

  Cinmar Site

  climate

  Cosquer Cave

  diatom

  disharmonious biospheres

  drift-wood

  Early Dyuktai

  eastern seaboard

  EPILOG

  Europe

  Europe migration

  flaked stone traditions

  Flemish Platform

  flora

  forest ecosystem

  glaciers

  Gulf Stream

  ice hunting

  La Riera Cave

  land bridge

  marine environment

  marine resources

  Mid-Atlantic continental shelf

  mid-Atlantic seaboard

  Miles River

  Miller Complex

  New World origins

  North American continental shelf

  North Pacific

  northern Spain, Canary current

  Orkney Islands

  Paleolithic people

  Paleolithic topography

  polar front

  post-LGM climate

  productivity estimates

  sea ice estimates

  sea level

  sea mammal hunting

  sea surface salinity

  seal behavior

  seasonal temperature

  Spain, deforestation of

  Spanish Solutrean, climate change

  Streletskayan

  termination

  warmer phases

  western Beringia

  X2 haplogroup

  LGM, North Atlantic

  currents

  glacial discharge

  sea ice

  LGM, Solutrean

  adaptation

  climate

  Lime Hills Cave

  limpets

  loess: Susquehanna drainage

  upper Midwest

  Loring, Stephen

  Lower Klamath Lake

  Lower Solutrean

  hearths

  Lowery, Darrin

  Magdalenian: art

  blade technology

  cobble pavement

  cluster analysis

  description

  distribution

  marine resources

  open-air sites

  sagaie

  toggling harpoon

  Tossal de la Roca Site

  mammoth bone tools: bone point, Canada

  expedient

  formal

  mammoths: Alaska

  art

  Aubrey Site

  Berelekh Site

  Blackwater Draw

  Chesrow points

  Cinmar laurel leaf

  Clovis hunting

  Clovis subsistence

  Colorado

  continental shelf

  Dent Site

  Dust Bowl

  Dutton Farm

  extinction

  Florida

  frozen

  habitat

  High Plains

  ivory point and tools, Florida

  kill sites

  Mid-Atlantic

  Murray Springs Site

  North America

  Spanish Solutrean

  woolly, Spanish Solutrean

  Wrangle Island

  manufacture: Adams Site

  blade technology

  exotic stone

  fluted point, Alaska

  fluting

  heat treatment

  Jefferson Island Site

  Johnson Site

  Meadowcroft Rockshelter, bladelets

  Nogahabara 1 Site

  nonutilitarian

  Solutrean and Clovis compared

  South Africa, bead

  Swan Point Site

  symbolic

  manufacture, Clovis: blade

  bone rod

  bone tool

  point

  point, reworking

  manufacture, Solutrean: biface

  at Les Maitreaux Site

  symbolic

  marine resources: Bay of Biscay

  Chesapeake Bay

  Magdalenian

  marine resources, Solutrean

  hunting equipment

  La Riera Cave

  northern Spain

  marlin

  Maryland

  mastodon: art

  Cinmar

  continental shelf

  extinction

  Florida

  habitat

  North America

  Page-Ladson Site

  Suwannee points

  unfluted points

  material, raw

  McAvoy, Joe: Cactus Hill point

  Cactus Hill

  Site

  McJunkin, George

  Meadowcroft Rockshelter

  meat: dried

  at La Riera Cave

  slicing tools

  yields

>   Mediterranean: crossing

  seafaring

  shore environment

  Solutrean

  watercraft

  Meekins Neck Site

  Mesa Site

  gravers

  hearths

  hunting overlook

  points

  Mesa/Sluiceway, cluster analysis

  microblade cores: Beringia

  cache

  Late Dyuktai

  Russian Far East

  wedge-shaped

  microblades

  Micronesia

  Mid-Atlantic: assemblages

  people, early

  settlement sites

  Miles Point Site

  Miller Complex

  Miller points

  Meadowcroft Rockshelter

  Milos

  mirage, Arctic

  Mississippi River

  Mochanov, Y. A.

  models: climate

  DNA X haplogroup

  DNA X2 haplogroup

  La Riera Cave

  North Atlantic environment

  Siberia-to-Clovis

  Solutrean, La Riera Cave

  Solutrean ecosystem

  Solutrean-to-Clovis

  Straus

  mollusks

  limpets

  Montana

  mortuary practices

  movement: glacial

  ice

  ice-free corridor

  saturated sediments

  Solutrean

  stone raw material

  wind

  mtDNA

  Mud Lake Site

  Mulloy, William

  Murray Springs Site

  bone shaft wrench

  bone tool

  musk ox: North America

  Spanish Solutrean

  Native Americans

  ancestry

  classification

  DNA

  haplogroup X

  mtDNA X

  physical characteristics

  natural resource diversity

  natural ridges, blade initiation

  needles: eyed

  Florida

  preservation

  Solutrean

  waterproof clothing

  Nelson, Richard

  Nenana Complex

  Nenana culture

  Clovis, ancestor

  cluster analysis

  nets: boat hunting

  seal hunting

  in Solutrean art

  Spanish Solutrean

  New Britain

  New England, polar front

  New Guinea

  New Ireland

  New York

  Newfoundland

  glaciated shores

  mountains

  St. Brendan’s boat trip to

  Nogahabara 1 Site

  North, Gary

  North America, eastern

  Clovis

  continental shelf

  Cumberland sites

  fluted point distribution

  fluting

  founding Solutrean population

  indented base points

  mtDNA X

  post-LGM warming

  pre-Clovis

  preservation

  shore of

  Solutrean colonization

  North America, western

  settlement sites

  North Atlantic

  crossing

  environment

  great auk

  Heinrich events

  ice bridge

  LGM

  maritime environment

  polar front

  reconstruction

  sea ice

  seals

  Solutrean hypothesis

  St. Brendan voyage

  North Pacific

  North Sea

  continental shelf

  glacial edge

  LGM

  Orkney Islands

  North Slope, Alaska

  Northern Hemisphere: climatic history

  glacial cover

  prehistoric population traits

 

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