Across Atlantic Ice

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Across Atlantic Ice Page 43

by Dennis J. Stanford

northern Spain

  art

  bladelet production, raw material

  bone tools

  cave art

  cave paintings

  excavations

  exotic stone

  indented base points

  Magdalenian art

  marine resources

  maritime adaptation

  modern excavations

  open-air sites

  projectile point, basal thinning

  river valleys

  Solutrean

  stone raw material

  northward shift: of ice edge

  of seals

  Northwest Alaska: fluted point, dating

  fluted points

  Onion Portage Site

  notched points

  Alaska, Nogabahara 1 Site

  Nottoway River, Virginia

  occupation: Alaska, Swan Point Site

  of Americas

  Clovis, Gault Site

  Cyprus, early mariners

  eastern United States

  Mid-Atlantic

  Sheaman

  occupation, pre-Clovis: Cactus Hill Site

  Jefferson Island Site

  Meadowcroft Rockshelter

  Miles Point Site

  settlement patterns

  western United States

  occupation, Solutrean: indented base point distribution

  La Riera Cave

  point type distribution

  point types

  ocean: Beringia

  deep sea cores

  deep-sea fishing

  EPILOG

  European land bridge

  ice-rafted debris (IRD)

  North Atlantic, currents

  sea level rise

  travel

  On Your Knees Cave

  open water: early navigation

  fog banks

  obsidian collection

  polynyas

  post-LGM

  seals

  origins: age-area hypothesis

  American Paleolithic technology

  Beringia

  Clovis crescent

  Clovis culture

  Clovis overshot flaking

  Clovis technology, eastern Beringia

  cluster analysis

  deep-sea cores, taphonomy

  DNA

  Heinrich Events

  Kenniwick Man

  Mesa Complex

  Nenana Complex

  Sluiceway Complex

  Solutrean biface technology

  Solutrean culture

  stone

  outrepassé

  overshot flaking: biface thinning

  Clovis

  definition

  effect

  full-face flaking

  mastering

  non-Clovis occurrence

  outrepassé

  platform preparation

  Siberia

  Solutrean

  Overstreet, David

  Oyster Cove

  Page-Ladson Site: dates

  mastodon

  points

  proto-Clovis

  Paleo-American sites, early

  paleosol: Delmarva Peninsula

  Eastern Shore

  Eastern Shore date

  Miles Point Site

  Tilghman

  Pennsylvania

  Meadowcroft Rockshelter

  Shawnee Minisink Site

  Picos de Europa: glaciation

  location

  marine navigation

  river valleys

  plains: Alberta fluted points

  artifact collecting

  bison hunting adaptation

  Clovis expansion

  Clovis point distribution

  ice-free corridor

  indented base points

  large game

  megafauna

  pre-Clovis

  plane face point

  Britain

  definition

  proto-Clovis

  Solutrean

  plants: bioturbation, Cactus Hill Site

  continental shelf

  disharmonious communities

  distribution, LGM

  distribution, micro-environmental

  Georges Bank

  habitat

  Meadowcroft Rockshelter

  peri-glacial

  prairie-woodland boundary

  pre-Clovis, lower Great Lakes

  resources, Clovis drought

  Tilghman paleosol

  platform: blade core, rejuvenation

  blade technology

  bladelet

  core, definition

  diagnostic

  microblade

  overshot and diving

  overshot flakes

  preferred

  variation

  platform, Clovis: basal thinning flakes

  diagnostic

  wide and straight

  platform preparation: blade production

  description

  Levallois flake

  overshot flaking

  proto-Clovis, fluting

  Pleistocene: Beringia

  Bond cycles

  people

  Point Barrow

  biface cache

  climate change

  flaking hammers

  Inuit survival

  Inupiat story

  point types: edge grinding

  Folsom

  Solutrean

  symbolic

  polar front: Bay of Biscay

  Solutrean

  Solutrean hypothesis

  ponds: Bering Land Bridge

  food source

  mastodon

  pollen

  post-LGM

  Portugal: deep-sea core

  Gulf Stream

  LGM climate

  polar front

  Solutrean

  Solutrean cache

  Solutrean point types

  post-Clovis: blades

  exotic stone

  technologies

  pre-Clovis: adzes

  bone tools

  cluster analysis

  indented base points

  pre-Clovis occupation: Cactus Hill Site, dating

  Miles Point Site

  precores: Akmak Complex

  Clovis conical cores

  definition

  Early Dyuktai

  Late Dyuktai

  Solutrean

  preservation: of boats

  of bone rods

  effect of on data

  of eyed needle

  site

  waterlogging and

  pressure flaking: Berelekh Site

  Clovis point

  definition

  heat treating

  Mesa and Sluiceway points

  microblade technology, Denali Complex

  Solutrean

  Solutrean scraper

  Streletskayan culture

  pressure flaking, Ushki Site, Layer VII

  productivity: Alaska

  continental shelf

  IRD

  LGM, North Atlantic ice edge

  North Atlantic

  ocean

  sea level rise

  soil formation

  Spain, plains of

  products: biface

  biface technology

  blade blanks, straight

  flake traditions

  knapping

  overshot flaking

  spurred scrapers

  projectile points: antler

  bifacial

  Blackwater Draw Site

  bone

  caches

  Cactus Hill Site

  Casper Site

  Clovis

  definition

  edge grinding

  ivory

  Late Dyuktai

  Meadowcroft Rockshelter

  Nenana Complex

  Nogahabara 1 Site

  overshot flaking

  quartzite

  stone sources

&
nbsp; proto-Clovis: Johnson Site

  Page-Ladson Site

  sites

  technologies

  quartz crystal, Clovis

  quartzite: bladelets

  cobbles

  diagonal flaking

  large blades

  northern Spain

  quartzite blades: Cactus Hill Site

  Cheshire

  Miles Point Site

  radiocarbon dates: Alaska fluted points

  Cactus Hill Site

  Chesapeake Bay sites

  Chesrow Complex

  Cinmar mammoth

  Clovis

  Clovis first

  Cosquer Cave

  Johnson Site

  Mesa Site

  Onion Portage Site

  Page-Ladson Site

  proto-Clovis

  Sluiceway Site

  raw materials, Clovis caches

  reconstructions: Bering land bridge

  Clovis, ivory points

  LGM marine environments

  North Atlantic glacial front

  North Atlantic Shelf

  ocean currents

  production sequences

  sea ice

  Solutrean, ice age environments

  reindeer

  resources: Alaska, sea

  Arctic winter

  Clovis

  continental shelf

  exotic stone

  Jomon, open sea

  late glacial shore

  LGM, driftwood

  maritime

  Nenana Complex

  woodlands

  resources, Solutrean

  coastal

  maritime

  resources, Spanish Solutrean

  depletion

  maritime

  sea mammals

  retouch: Clovis, side scrapers

  definition

  flat

  Gravettian truncated blades

  Spanish Solutrean

  retrieval: caches

  marine mammals

  spear shafts

  speared aquatic animals

  ridge: back, blade core

  back, Solutrean

  blade, guide

  center, projectile point

  platforms, centered on

  sand, Cactus Hill Site

  Rigaud, J. P.

  rivers: boats on

  Clovis

  continental shelf

  crossing

  exploration

  settlement along

  rods

  Broken Mammoth Site

  Clovis

  Clovis, East Wenatchee

  decorated

  dimensions

  Nenana Complex

  sagaies

  Sheaman Site

  sled runners

  sagaies: Cyprus

  definition

  Upper Palaeolithic

  sails

  iceberg

  log boat

  pre-Columbian

  shelter

  sand: Cactus Hill Site

  Landes, France

  scars: Alaska fluted

  diving flake

  flake, definition

  flute

  fluting, diagonal

  impact

  overshot

  scrapers: Akmak Complex

  Aurignacian

  Berelekh Site

  Clovis

  comparisons

  end

  Johnson Site

  Mesa Site

  microscrapers

  Nenana Complex

  Paleolithic

  pre-Clovis

  Russian Far East

  Solutrean

  Solutrean, Portugal

  spurred

  Nogahabara 1 Site

  sea ice: ecology

  exploitation

  LGM, North Atlantic

  Ramah chert

  seals

  Spanish Solutrean

  travel

  sea level: drop

  glacial forebulge

  global

  rise

  seals

  sea mammals: Alaska

  in art

  foraging

  La Riera Cave

  LGM

  migration

  On Your Knees Cave

  Spanish Solutrean

  walrus

  whales. See also seals

  sea surface temperatures: cold

  drop in

  Florida Current

  movement of

  oxygen isotopes

  rise in

  and salinity

  seals: in art

  Bay of Biscay

  bearded

  birthing schedule

  Florida

  harbor

  hunting

  ice-edge

  La Riera Cave

  northern Spain

  oil from

  southwest Europe

  and weather prediction

  seasons: ice

  La Riera Cave

  maritime exploitation

  seal birthing

  seal hunting

  site function

  Selby Site

  sequence: Cactus Hill Site

  conical blade cores

  dynamic systems analysis

  environmental change

  flaking

  fluting

  inset technology

  ivory working

  production strategy

  refitting

  Spanish Solutrean

  stratigraphy

  shaft: bevel join

  foreshaft

  harpoon

  ivory points

  join

  spear

  straightener

  Sheaman Site

  shelf, submerged continental

  shellfish

  archaeology of

  found with indented base points

  La Riera Cave

  mollusks

  northern Spain

  Solutrean

  shelters

  Arctic

  boat

  cave painting

  Clovis

  distribution

  Kincaid Rockshelter

  Meadowcroft

  northern Spain

  Solutrean

  shores: distance from

  fishing

  ice

  shellfish processing

  summer landings

  wind

  shouldered points: absence of

  blade blanks

  diagonal flaking

  experiments with

  invasive pressure

  northern Spain

  Portugal

  production of

  seasonal

  Solutrean

  Spanish Solutrean

  unifacial

  Upper Solutrean

  Siberia: access to

  Beringia

  biface cache

  Clovis ancestors

  comparisons

  Dyuktai-Denali Complex

  historical connections

  microblade technology

  overshot technique

  theory of migration from

  Simek, J.

  similarities: Clovis and Solutrean

  Clovis and Upper Paleolithic

  cluster analysis

  dynamic systems analysis

  Dyuktai and Denali

  fluted point traditions

  historical connections

  Spanish Solutrean and pre-Clovis

  technologies

  traditions. See also Clovis comparisons

  small blade technology

  small blades, Clovis

  insets

  microblades

  Miles Point Site

  Paleolithic

  Smith, Philip

  sockets: bone

  borers

  harpoon-like

  spear shaft

  soils: analyzing

  basic

  Cactus Hill Site

  devel
opment

  and early environments

  organic

  preservation

  southeastern United States

  Tilghman paleosol

  Solutré

  Solutrean: adzes

  alternate thinning

  artifacts

  bands

  beads

  biface technology, Great Britain

  bifaces

  blade technology

  boxwood

  burials

  burins

  climate

  Clovis origins

  cluster analysis

  dating

  descendants

  diving flaking

  exotic stone

  eyed bone needles

  fishing

  flaked stone

  French flint laurel leaf

  hypothesis

  indented base points

  indented base points, basal thinning

  indented base points, La Riera Cave

  innovation

  ivory rods

  knapping sites

  knapping tools

  La Riera Cave

  laurel leafs (see laurel leafs, Solutrean); marine resources

  maritime adaptation

  modern excavations

  open air sites

  organic artifacts

  overshot flaking

  plane face points

  pressure-flaked

  projectile points

  rope

  scrapers

  self-barbed spear point

  self-barbed spear points

  settlement pattern

  shaft wrench

  shellfishing

  shouldered points

  Solutré

  stone tools

  Solutrean comparisons

  art

  blades

  bone artifacts

  Cactus Hill Site

  Clovis technology

  cluster analysis

  cores

  finishing techniques

  Miles Point assemblage. See also Clovis comparisons

  Solutrean and Clovis comparisons

  burials

  engraved bone

  exotic stone

  hearths

  indented base points

  laurel leaf and Clovis points

  microscrapers

  overshot flaking

  projectile points

  spurred scrapers

  wedge-shaped cores

  Solutrean culture: Cinmar Site

  innovators

  Solutrean hunting

  deer

  horse and bison, La Riera Cave

  mammoths

  marine mammals

  reindeer

  rock art showing

  seals

  Spanish Solutrean

  specialized. See also hunting

  Solutrean sites

  La Riera Cave

  open-air

  Solutré

  Solutrean-style artifacts, Johnson Site

  Solutrean technology

  biface thinning

  blades

  Les Maitreaux

  origin of

  Solutrean-Clovis

  southwestern Europe

  Spanish

  Spanish pre-Clovis

  sources

  Cinmar Site

  mollusks, Solutrean

  wood, Solutrean. See also stone, sources of

  South Dakota: Jim Pitts Site

  southeast: Clovis

  Clovis origin

  Dalton Complex

  fluted point abundance

  fluting origin

  Mesa Complex origin

  Nenana Complex origin

  proto-Clovis

  southwest: Clovis expansion

  Dust Bowl

  southwestern Europe

  biface technology

  blade precore technology

  bone tools

  cave painting

  cave sites

 

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