Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle With India
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Naidoo, Prema, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2
Naidoo, Thambi, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 12.1; Gandhi followed to India by sons of, 5.1, 6.1; in satyagraha campaign of 1913, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4
Naidu, Sarojini, 2.1, 8.1, 8.2
Naipaul, V. S., fm.1, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1
Nairs, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
Namasudras
Nambiatiri, Indanturuttil
Namboodiris, or Nambuthiris, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.1
Nambuthiri, Krishnan
Nandi, Moranjibala
Narayan Guru, Sri, 7.1, 7.2; Gandhi’s first meeting with, 7.3
Nasik, Maharashtra: Ambedkar’s satyagraha in, 8.1, 8.2; Gandhi’s purification ritual at, 2.1, 8.3
Natal, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1; Boer War in, 2.1; as center of Indian life in South Africa, 4.2; elimination of Indian voting rights in, 4.3; end of indenture system in, 5.1; final satyagraha in, 4.4; Gandhi’s Critic editorial about indentured servitude in, 2.2; Gandhi’s prolonged abstention from politics in, 4.5, 4.6; Gandhi’s return to (1913), 3.1, 4.7; head tax on former indentured Indians in, 3.2, 4.8; mass mobilization of indentured Indians in (1913), 1.3, 4.9, 6.1, 12.1 (see also satyagraha campaign of 1913); rural, leaders of consequence emerging from, 3.3; Zulu uprising in (1906), 3.4, 12.2 (see also Bhambatha Rebellion). See also Durban
Natal Advertiser, 1.1, 5.1
Natal Coal Owners Association
Natal Indian Association, 5.1, 5.2
Natal Indian Congress, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 12.1, 12.2; Gandhi expelled from, 5.1; satyagraha campaign of 1913 and, 5.2, 5.3
Natal Mercury, 1.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Natal Militia
Natal Native Congress
Natal Witness, 5.1, 5.2
Natesan, G. A.
Nath, Lal
National Archives of India
Nationalists
national movement. See independence movement; Indian National Congress
Natives Land Act (1913), 3.1, 3.2, 5.1
Navajivan (Gujarati newspaper), 12.1
Nayar, Pyarelal. See Pyarelal
Nayar, Sushila, 3.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1
Nazareth Church (Ekuphakameni), 3.1, 3.2
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7; black South Africans and, 3.1; communal violence and, 11.3; Congress movement and, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6; Gandhi’s fast unto death and, 9.3; as Gandhi’s heir and successor, 11.4; on Gandhi’s opposition to caste system, 7.2, 7.3; Gandhi visited at Srirampur by, 11.5, 11.6; partition and, 11.7, 12.8, 12.9; untouchability issue and, 8.7, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7
Nehru, Kamala
Nehru, Motilal, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2
Nehru Report
Newcastle, indentured Indian strikers in (113), 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
New Delhi. See also Delhi
Noakhali, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2; assessment of Gandhi’s months in, 11.3; communal violence in, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12, 12.3; Gandhi in, at moment of independence, 12.4; Gandhi’s message to Muslims in, 11.13; Gandhi’s planned return to, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11; Gandhi’s stay at Srirampur village in, 11.14, 11.15 (see also Srirampur); Gandhi’s walking tour of, 11.16, 11.17, 11.18, 11.19, 11.20, 12.12; prayer meetings in, 11.21, 11.22, 11.23, 11.24
Nobel Peace Prize, 12.1, 12.2
No Changers
noncooperation campaigns, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 12.1; ban on public meetings and, 6.2; boycott of cloth from English mills and, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 7.1; Gandhi’s conception of, 4.2, 6.6; Jinnah’s “direct action” and, 11.1; Muslim support for, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10; “Quit India!” movement, 11.2, 12.2; suspensions of, 6.11, 6.12, 7.2; violence resulting from, 1.1, 6.13. See also civil disobedience
nonviolence, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 6.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3; black South Africans and, 3.4, 10.2; discipline of, 5.2, 5.3, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1; Gandhi’s disappointment with efficacy of, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 12.4; Gandhi’s moral pronouncements on crises of late 1930s and, 10.3; Gandhi’s Noakhali mission and, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8; Gandhi’s recruitment of Indian troops at odds with, 6.5, 6.6; Hindu value of ahimsa and, 6.7, 7.2; support of British war effort and, 11.9; Tolstoy’s influence and, 2.2; violent outcomes of, 5.4, 6.8, 6.9, 11.10. See also civil disobedience; noncooperation campaigns; satyagraha
Ohlange Institute (Inanda), 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
Omvedt, Gail
Orange Free State, 1.1, 5.1, 12.1
Orwell, George
Ottoman Empire: erosion of power of, 6.1, 6.2. See also Khilafat, Khilafat movement
Pakistan, 6.1, 7.1, 11.1; Bangladesh’s “liberation” from, 11.2; frozen assets issue and, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3; Gandhi’s vow to spend rest of his life in, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6; Hindus remaining in, 12.7
Palestine: Arab-Jewish strife in, 10.1, 10.2; Zionist movement and, 4.1, 10.3
Panchamas, 2.1, 2.2
Parekh, Bhikhu
Pariahs, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1
Park Station (Johannesburg)
Parliament, British, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1
Parliament, South African, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Parsuram (stenographer)
partition, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 11.1, 12.1; British proposal and, 11.2, 11.3; communal violence and, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7; Congress’s approval of final plan for, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10; flight of refugees and, 11.13, 12.11, 12.12, 12.13, 12.14; Gandhi and Jinnah’s negotiations over, 11.14, 12.15; Gandhi’s declaration of two homelands and, 12.16; Gandhi’s last-minute attempt at heading off, 12.17; Gandhi’s Noakhali mission and, 11.15, 11.16; Gandhi’s scheme for autonomous Pakistan within Indian union and, 11.17; Jinnah’s “direct action” campaign and, 11.18; Nehru’s visit to Noakhali and, 11.19, 11.20; as price to pay for independence, 11.21
“passive resistance,” replaced with term “satyagraha”, 1.1, 12.1
Patchappen (indentured Indian), 5.1, 12.1
Patel, Vallabhbhai, 6.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8
Pathans, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 12.1
Patil, S. K.
Payne, Robert
peace committees, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2
Phoenix Settlement (north of Durban), 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 12.1; author’s visits to, fm.1, fm.2; founding of, 1.2, 1.3, 12.2; Gandhi’s long absences from, 3.2, 3.3, 10.1; Gandhi’s return to (1913), 4.4, 4.5, 4.6; Gandhi’s visits to, 4.7; inspiration for, 4.8; nonviolent resistance at (1913), 3.4; Zulu neighbors of, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9
Pietermaritzburg: monument to Gandhi in, 1.1; train incident at (1893), 1.2, 1.3
Pillay, C. M.
Pitt, W. H.
Pius XI, Pope
plague, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1
Point Road (Durban), Gandhi’s visit to shanties near
Polak, Henry, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 5.2
Polak, Millie (née Downs), 1.1, 4.1
polygamy
Poona (now Pune): Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in, 9.1, 9.2; Hindu extremist plot in, 12.1
Poona Pact, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
poorna swaraj (complete independence)
Porter, Cole
poverty, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1, 12.1; campaign for village self-sufficiency and, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2 (see also All India Village Industries Association); loincloth symbolism and, 1.2, 6.2; persistence of, in contemporary India, 10.3, 10.4; voluntary, Gokhale’s ethic of, 6.3; voluntary, of Gandhi, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1, 6.4
Prasad, Rajendra, 6.1, 6.2
predestination doctrine
Pretoria, 1.1; Gandhi’s racial encounter in, 1.2
prohibition, 8.1, 9.1
Pulayas, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 10.1, 10.2
Punjab, 12.1; communal violence in, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4; Gandhi’s visits to, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7
Pyarelal (in full, Pyarelal Nayar), 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 9.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4; Manu’s
presence and, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7
“Quit India!” movement (1942), 11.1, 12.1
“Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram”
Rai, Lajpat
Rajagopalachari, C. R., 12.1, 12.2
Rajchandra, Shrimad
Rajkot, Gujarat: banquet in, 2.1; Gandhi’s sojourn in (1896), 2.2
Ramayana, 12.1
Ramnarayan (castigated by Gandhi as philanderer)
Rand Club (Johannesburg), 5.1, 5.2
Rashid, Abdul
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)
Ravindran, T. K., 7.1, 7.2
registration issue, in Transvaal (“Black Act”), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 12.1
Republican Party
Republic Day
Reuters, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
rishi (sage)
roads, public, barring of untouchables from, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5
Rolland, Romain, 8.1, 8.2
Round Table Conference (1930–31)
Round Table Conference (1931), 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 9.1, 12.1
Rubusana, Rev. Walter
Ruskin, John, 2.1, 4.1, 7.1; Phoenix Settlement and, 1.1, 4.2, 12.1
ryots (tenant farmers)
Sabarmati Ashram (formerly Kochrab Ashram; Ahmedabad), 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 12.1; Gandhi’s final departure from (1930), 8.3; Gandhi’s withdrawl to (mid-1920s), 8.4; untouchables residing at, 6.5
salt, 4.1, 4.2
Salt March (1930), 4.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2
sanatanists (orthodox Hindus), 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
Sandow, Eugen, 4.1, 4.2
Sanger, Margaret, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
sannyasi (holy man), 1.1, 4.1, 6.1
Sanoo, M. K.
Saonar, Maharashtra, Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in
Satyabhamapur, Orissa, Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in
satyagraha, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 6.1, 6.2; Ambedkar’s adoption of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3; against apartheid, 3.1; first national strike in India (1919), 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 12.1; Gandhi’s conceptions of, 1.2, 7.3; Muslim converts to, 6.4; noncooperation strategy in, 4.6, 6.5 (see also noncooperation campaigns); passive-aggressive aspect of, 5.1; “passive resistance” replaced with term, 1.3, 12.2; Salt March of 1930, 4.7, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 11.1, 11.2, 12.3, 12.4; South Africans’ loss of belief in, fm.1; Tolstoy Farm and, 3.2, 4.8; Transvaal registration issue and, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 3.3, 3.4, 12.5; against untouchability, 7.4 (see also Vaikom Satyagraha); village self-sufficiency campaign, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2 (see also All India Village Industries Association); violent clashes resulting from, 5.2, 6.6, 6.7, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9. See also nonviolence
Satyagraha (Glass), 1.1, 12.1
Satyagraha Ashram. See Sevagram village and ashram
satyagraha campaign of 1913 (South Africa), 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3; Africans in crackdown on, 5.1, 5.2; African workers’ possible inclusion in, 5.3; anti-Indian laws and regulations leading to, 5.4 (see also head tax); in context of white South African politics, 5.5, 5.6; end of, 5.7; final settlement in, 5.8, 5.9, 6.2, 7.4; Gandhi’s arrests in, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12; Gandhi’s arrival in Newcastle and, 1.2, 5.13, 5.14, 5.15; Gandhi’s Durban speech after, 5.16; Gandhi’s feeding of strikers in, 5.17; Gandhi’s renown in India and, 6.3; Gandhi’s warnings to government and, 5.18; hard labor sentences for participants in, 5.19, 5.20; illegal border crossings in, 5.21, 5.22, 5.23, 5.24; indentured servants as participants in, 1.3, 4.3, 5.25, 5.26, 6.4, 6.5, 12.4; Indian critics of, 5.27, 5.28, 5.29; judicial commission and, 5.30, 5.31; legacy of, 5.32; London’s response to, 5.33, 5.34; mass arrests in, 5.35, 5.36, 5.37; as model for Indian campaign, 8.1, 8.2; as religious struggle, 5.38, 5.39, 5.40; spread of, 5.41, 5.42, 5.43, 5.44; stated aims of, 5.45; in sugar country, 5.46, 5.47, 5.48; Tamil women’s preparatory work for, 5.49, 5.50; violent clashes in, 5.51, 5.52, 5.53, 6.6; women in, 5.54, 5.55, 5.56, 5.57, 5.58, 5.59
Satyagraha in South Africa (Gandhi), 1.1, 5.1
Schlesin, Sonja, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1
Schumacher, E. F.
Seedat, Hassim
Segaon, Wardha, 10.1, 10.2. See also Sevagram village and ashram
Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)
Self-Respect League
“self-suffering”
Seme, Pixley ka Isaka
Sen, Amartya
Servants of India Society, 6.1, 6.2
Sevagram village and ashram (formerly Segaon, Wardha), 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2; Ambedkar’s visit to, 10.3; construction of facilities, 10.4; as contemporary tourist attraction, 10.5; Gandhi’s arrival at, 10.6; Gandhi’s disappointment with, 10.7
sexuality: Freudian philosophy and, 11.1; Sanger’s conversation with Gandhi and, 10.1; as viewed in Hinduism, 10.2. See also celibacy vow
shamiana (open-sided tent)
Shankaranand, Swami
Shembe, Isaiah, called the Prophet
Shertok (later Sharett), Moshe
Shirer, William L.
Shiyali, Tamil Nadu, Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in
Shraddhanand, Swami (formerly known as Mahatma Munshi Ram), 6.1, 7.1; slaying of, 7.2, 11.1; Vaikom Satyagraha and, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5
shuddi (purification rituals), 2.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
shudras
Sikhs, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4
Sindi, village workers in, 10.1, 10.2
Singh, Gurbachan
Sistine Chapel
Slade, Madeleine, renamed Mirabehn, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4
Small Is Beautiful (Schumacher), 10.1
Smuts, Jan Christian, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1, 12.1; head tax on indentured Indians and, 4.7, 4.8, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6; satyagraha campaign of 1913 and, 5.7, 5.8, 7.1, 12.2; white miners’ strike and, 5.9, 5.10
social class. See class distinctions
Socialists, 9.1, 9.2
Soorzai (indentured Indian)
South Africa, 1.1, 12.1; anti-Indian laws and regulations in (see anti-Indian laws and regulations, South African); black majority in (see black South Africans); chronology of Gandhi’s years in, 12.2; colonial rule in, 1.2, 1.3; Gandhi’s departure from, 1.4, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4; Gandhi’s farewell letter to Indians in, 5.5, 5.6; Gandhi’s farewell tour of, 5.7, 5.8; Gandhi’s first days in, 1.5; Gandhi’s racial encounters in, 1.6, 1.7, 12.3; Hindu-Muslim relations in, 1.8, 4.3, 12.4; monuments to Gandhi in, 1.9; Muslim community in, 1.10; satyagraha in (see satyagraha; satyagraha campaign of 1913); sovereign statehood of, 1.11, 1.12, 4.4, 4.5; states or territories in, 1.13. See also Natal; Transvaal
South African Indian Congress, 3.1, 3.2
South African Mounted Rifles
South African Native National Congress (later African National Congress)
South African Republic, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1
spinning, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4; boycott and burning of foreign cloth and, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.2, 8.2; by Gandhi himself, 6.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7; Gandhi’s vision of swadeshi (self-reliance) and, 6.5, 6.6, 7.3, 9.4, 10.3; Gandhi’s wearing of loincloth and, 6.7, 6.8; as requirement for Congress membership, 7.4, 8.3, 8.4; Tagore’s critique of Gandhi’s campaign for, 6.9
Spion Kop, battle of (1900)
Srirampur, Noakhali, 11.1, 11.2; description of, 11.3; Gandhi’s dwelling in, 11.4, 11.5; Hindu population of, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8; Manu summoned to, 11.9; Nehru’s visit to, 11.10, 11.11
Stansfield, Lieutenant
Star (Johannesburg), 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
strikes: national, in India (1919), 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 12.1; of South Africa’s white workers (1913), 5.1, 5.2
suffragettes, 1.1, 5.1
sugar plantations and refineries, satyagraha campaign of 1913 spread to, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Suhrawardy, Shaheed, 1.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4; blocked payment to Pakistan and, 12.1; Gandhi’s peacekeeping mission in Calcutta and, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6; plan for united Bengal and, 12.7<
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Suhrud, Tridip
suicides, among indebted cotton farmers of Wardha
Sunni Islam
swadeshi (self-reliance), 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 9.1, 10.1
Swan, Maureen, 1.1, 5.1
swaraj (self-rule), fm.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 12.1, 12.2; four “pillars” of, 6.7, 8.2, 10.4, 11.1; as permanent, ever-receding goal, 6.8; time frames for, 6.9, 6.10, 6.11, 8.3. See also independence movement
Swarajists
Syrian Christians, 7.1, 10.1
tabligh (Muslim proselytizing efforts)
Tablighi Jamaat, called Tabligh (Society for the Propagation of the Muslim Faith)
Tagore, Rabindranath, 1.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 11.1, 12.1
Talbot, Phillips, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1
Tambo, Oliver
Tamil Benefit Society, 1.1, 12.1
Tamils, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 12.1, 12.2
taxes, 2.1; satyagraha campaign in Gujarat’s Kheda district and, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 12.1. See also head taxes
temple-entry issues, 2.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1, 10.2; Ambedkar and, 8.3, 8.4, 9.5, 9.6, 10.3; Gandhi’s lack of success with, 10.4. See also Vaikom Satyagraha
Tendulkar, D. G.
terrorism, 3.1, 6.1; expansion of colonial powers and, 6.2, 6.3
Thakkar, A. V., called Thakkar Bapa, 6.1, 11.1
Theosophy, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1
third-class train travel
Thiruvarppu, clash of Ezhavas with caste Hindus at (1926)
Thoreau, Henry David
Times (London), 9.1
“Times” History of the War in South Africa, 2.1
Times of India, 7.1, 9.1
Tiyyas
Tolstoy, Leo, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2
Tolstoy Farm (southwest of Johannesburg), 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3; abandonment of, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7; black South Africans at, 3.1; contemporary state of, 4.8; Gandhi’s retreat to (1910–12), 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 5.1, 6.2, 10.4; indentured Indian pilgrims’ march to, 5.2; mission of, 4.12; school at, 4.13, 4.14
“To My Numerous Muslim Friends” (Gandhi)