by Lynne Cheney
Helvidius Priscus, 242
Hemings, Madison, 309–10
Hemings, Sally, 298, 308–9
Henry, James, 80
Henry, John, 375–76
Henry, Patrick, 51, 122, 345, 417
and Antifederalists, 171–72, 182, 184
death of, 280
and events leading to Revolution, 46–47
as governor of Virginia, 62, 65, 66, 67–68, 108, 117
and Mississippi River, 121, 174–75
as opposed to Constitution, 170, 174–77, 185
as orator, 8, 46, 57, 123, 175
and ratification, 159, 170–71, 172–73, 174–77, 190
and Virginia Assembly, 44, 106–7, 108, 184, 185, 280
and Virginia Convention, 57, 59, 347
and “We, the People,” 171–72
Hessian mercenaries, 65
Hippocrates, 17, 31
HMS Confiance, 413
HMS Guerriere, 370, 383–84
HMS Leopard, 341
HMS Little Belt, 370, 383
Hobbes, Thomas, 230
Horseshoe Bend, Battle of, 419
House, Mary, 1–2, 4, 7, 80–81, 98, 100, 101, 111, 125, 220, 243
House of Representatives, U.S.:
election of 1800 decided in, 290–91
First Congress under the Constitution, 188–90
Madison as leader of, 189
Muhlenberg as first Speaker of, 188–89
number of members in, 197
see also Congress, U.S.
Huger, Daniel, 216
Hull, Isaac, 300, 383–84, 385
Hull, William, 381, 386, 393
Hume, David, 30, 42–43, 76, 124, 211
Humphreys, David, 193
Hunt, Gaillard, 16
Hunt, Samuel, 345
Impost of 1783, 189
Independent Chronicle (Boston), 275
Indiana Territory, 373
Indians:
as British allies, 66, 68, 246, 372, 373–74, 375–76, 378, 381–82
land purchased from, 115
and Revolution, 52, 66, 68
treaties with, 111, 113
and U.S. expansion, 419–20
and War of 1812, 381–82, 393, 419
Industrial Revolution, 211, 229–30
Ingersoll, Charles Jared, 9
Intolerable Acts, 45
Ireland, James, 40
Iroquois Confederacy, 111, 112–13
Irvine, William, 7
Irving, Washington, 371
Jackson, Andrew, 397, 417, 418–19, 421
presidency of, 445, 447, 450
Jackson, Elizabeth, 361
Jackson, Francis James, 360–66
Jackson, James, 212–13, 215
Jackson, John G., 363
Jackson, William, 127
Jay, John, 98, 129
as envoy to London, 247, 252–53, 254
and The Federalist, 8, 157, 165, 347
as secretary of foreign affairs, 120–21, 122–23, 157
and Spain, 84, 85, 86, 120–21, 122, 247
Jay Treaty (1794), 252–53, 254–62, 264, 266, 269–70, 301
Jefferson, Martha Wayles Skelton (wife), 70, 97, 349
Jefferson, Thomas:
and Adams presidency, 265, 274–77, 297, 446
and assumption of war debts, 217–18
autobiography of, 71
biographers of, 72, 325
books of, 6–7, 71, 104, 117, 271, 422
and British provocations, 340–41, 342, 343, 347–48, 350
and Burr trial, 337, 338–39
and capital city location, 217–19
and Constitution, 159–60, 165, 170, 180, 234–35
and Constitutional Convention, 128, 151, 160
and Continental Congress, 60, 64
correspondence with Madison, 77, 90, 97–98, 102, 103, 107, 110, 112–13, 154, 158–60, 179–80, 182–84, 191, 203, 206–8, 251–52, 274, 285, 289, 301, 367, 369, 374–75
death of, 443, 453
and Declaration of Independence, 61, 62, 110, 443
and Eliza Trist, 2, 111–12
financial woes of, 441–42
and French aid, 88–89
as governor of Virginia, 68, 72, 73, 75, 80, 85
and Hamilton, 234–35, 237, 238, 241, 257, 265, 292
health of, 71, 225
ideas of, 71
and Kentucky Resolutions, 276–77, 445
and Lafayette, 437
and Louisiana Purchase, 304, 308, 309, 310–11
Madison’s friendship with, 3, 64, 69–73, 100, 102, 114, 158, 170, 179–80, 206–8, 288, 442–43, 449
and Madison’s talents, 68, 69, 267
and Maryland letter, 170, 179, 234
migraines of, 67, 71, 334, 340, 390
and Monroe/Pinckney treaty, 340–41
and Monticello, 104, 205, 263, 270, 288, 293, 296, 300, 422, 437, 441–42
and national debt, 218, 231, 232
Notes on the State of Virginia, 211, 213
and nullification, 276–77, 446
papers of, 10
in Paris, 97–98, 106–7, 128, 159, 160, 183, 206, 239, 313
and peace negotiations with France, 279–80
personal traits of, 2–3, 60, 61, 64, 70–72, 407
and political parties, 8, 224, 234, 257
portrait of, 435
presidency of, 8, 222, 265, 267, 293, 298–99, 302–3, 329–30, 335, 337, 344, 348, 362
and presidential elections, 262–67, 278, 280, 284, 285–86, 287, 289–92, 295, 317, 318, 327, 344, 351
and prisoners of war, 68–69
and ratification, 159, 170, 174, 179–80, 234
and religion, 39, 64, 109–10
reputation of, 263, 298, 308–9, 344, 362, 443, 446
and retirement, 243, 247, 263
return from Paris, 202–3
as secretary of state, 203, 205–8, 222, 240–42, 243
and slavery, 70, 72, 302
socializing, 306, 313–16, 354
A Summary View of the Rights of British America, 60
travel to northern states, 223–25
and undeclared war with France, 278
and University of Virginia, 110, 436–38
as vice president, 265, 266, 274
and Virginia constitution, 60–61
and Virginia legislature, 44, 64, 67
and Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 6
and War of 1812, 377, 382
in Washington City, 296
Jenifer, Daniel of St. Thomas, 138
Jennings, Paul, 453
Jesup, Thomas, 416
Johnson, Richard, 375–76
Johnson, William, 137
Jones, Joseph, 80, 81, 82, 89
Jones, William, 387, 406
judicial branch:
Constitutional Convention on, 129, 142, 143
creation of, 188, 192
Marbury v. Madison, 311–13
and nullification, 446–47
see also Supreme Court, U.S.
Judiciary Acts (1789), 192, 312; (1801), 303; (1802), 303
Kearns, Watkins, 458
Kentucky Resolutions, 276–77, 279, 283, 445
Ketcham, Ralph, 9, 327
Key, Francis Scott, 413, 433
King, Rufus, 135, 138, 145, 173, 314, 416
Kings Mountain, Battle of, 82
Knights of the Golden Horseshoe, 12
Knox, Henry, 208
Kreider, Angela, 9
Lafayette, marquis de, 90, 111–13, 239, 437, 449
Lake Champlain, 413–14
Lake Erie, Battle of, 393
Lake George, 224–25
Lansing, John, Jr., 133
Latrobe, Benjamin, 357
Lawrence, 393
Lear, Tobias, 281
Leclerc, Charles, 304
Lee, Arthur, 83–84, 92–93
Lee, Eliza Collins, 250, 271
Lee, Henry (Light-Horse Harry), 83,
409
and American Revolution, 77–78
and national debt, 216
and speculation, 226, 227, 380
and strong central government, 216–17, 228, 426
Washington eulogy by, 281
Lee, Richard Bland, 186
Lee, Richard Henry, 46, 58, 154, 155, 156, 184
Lee, Robert E., 380, 458
legislative branch:
Constitutional Convention on, 129–32, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145–46, 147, 434
see also Congress, U.S.
Leland, John, 167–68, 186
L’Enfant, Pierre, 296
Leonard, George, 199
Lewis, Meriwether, 296–97, 298, 308, 335
Lincoln, Levi, 324
Lingan, James, 380
Livingston, Edward, 258, 260
Livingston, Robert R., 80, 223, 305, 307, 310
Locke, John, 21, 33, 59, 425
Long Island, British troops on, 63, 99–100
Louisiana Purchase, 307–8, 309, 310–11, 323, 330, 336, 337, 367
Louisiana Territory, 301–2, 304, 305
Louis XVI, king of France, 183, 205, 239–40
Louis XVIII, king of France, 435
Love, Matilda Lee, 409
Loyalists, 48–49, 50, 56, 68
Luckey, George, 44
Luzerne, chevalier de la, 81, 82, 97
Lyon, Matthew, 275
McClurg, James, 142–43
McCulloch v. Maryland, 434
Macdonough, Thomas, 413
McDougall, Alexander, 92
Macedonian, 386
McHenry, James, 278, 287
McKean, Sally, 323
McKenney, Thomas, 402
Maclay, William, 192, 210–11, 215, 264
Macomb, Alexander, 414
Macon, Nathaniel, 396
Macon’s Bill Number 2, 364–66
Madison, Ambrose (brother), 17, 156, 243, 252
Madison, Ambrose (grandfather), 12–14, 16, 293, 453
Madison, Catlett (brother), 17
Madison, Dolley Payne (wife), 9, 10, 103, 265, 331–32, 438
courtship and marriage, 249–50
death of, 457
as Dolley Todd, 244, 248–50
and elections, 344
and family finances, 439, 449, 452, 455–57
health concerns of, 327–29, 330, 331, 456
and James’s health, 250, 391, 451
and Montpelier, 270–71, 456
personal traits of, 355, 358, 451
and politics, 344–45, 366, 369, 451
portrait of, 321, 322, 323, 435
and Quakers, 248, 249–50, 271
and social life, 253, 271, 306–7, 314, 322, 332, 344, 354–55, 357–58, 359, 385, 386, 424, 434, 436, 437, 456, 457
as subject of gossip, 345–46, 361
and War of 1812, 400, 402, 404, 408–12, 417, 418, 421
and Washington City, 295–96, 390, 400, 404, 410, 411, 414, 457
Madison, Frances (grandmother), 12–15, 16–17, 19, 20–21, 56, 293, 453
Madison, Frances “Fannie” (sister), 265, 271, 439
Madison, Francis (brother), 17
Madison, James:
anonymous writings of, 95–97, 109, 157–58, 168, 187–88, 242, 243, 343
autobiography of, 52, 425
and bill of rights, 8, 160, 183–84, 191, 195, 196, 200, 458
biographers of, 9, 65, 425
birth of, 16–17
in boardinghouses, 2, 7, 69, 80–81, 97, 101, 106, 111, 117, 123, 155, 220, 243, 282
books of, 32, 36–37, 45, 71, 104, 117
and British provocations, 246–47, 254, 342, 343–44
and Burr trial, 337
and capital city location, 201–2, 217–19
childhood of, 17–20
childlessness of, 271
and Congress, see Congress, U.S.
and Constitution, see Constitution; Constitutional Convention
and Continental army, 79, 86, 92, 93, 96, 209
in Continental Congress, 2, 6, 73, 75, 76–77, 84, 85–86, 97, 101, 120–22
correspondence with Jefferson, 77, 90, 97–98, 102, 103, 107, 110, 112–13, 154, 158–60, 179–80, 182–84, 191, 203, 206–8, 251–52, 274, 285, 289, 301, 367, 369, 374–75
creative genius of, 5, 7–8, 60, 68, 70–71, 123, 452–53, 458
death of, 453
despondency of, 35–38
and diplomacy, 69, 82–84, 93, 95, 106, 118, 122–23
and Dolley, see Madison, Dolley Payne
estate of, 14, 451–52, 455–56
family background of, 11–18
as “father of the Constitution,” 153
and father’s estate, 293–94
and The Federalist, 8, 157–66, 179, 208, 221, 224, 228
finances of, 29, 81, 94, 104, 114–16, 293, 305–6, 345, 439–41
general health of, 2, 38–40, 71, 113–14, 175, 178, 217, 225, 266, 282, 292, 293, 300, 347–49, 348–49, 371, 390–92, 451–53
government envisioned by, see government
grave of, 453, 458
and Hamilton, 235, 237–38
history studied by, 6–7, 60, 62, 105, 117, 123, 164
and Jay Treaty, 254–57, 258–62
Jefferson’s friendship with, 3, 64, 69–73, 100, 102, 114, 158–60, 170, 179–80, 206–8, 288, 442–43
and Kitty Floyd, 99–100, 101–2
and land speculation, 86, 115–16, 210–11, 324–27
law studies of, 41
leadership skills of, 97, 105, 169, 175, 177–78, 181, 189–90, 200–201
legacy of, 9, 429
letter to the states, 95–97
Marbury v. Madison, 311–13
“Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments,” 168
and Mississippi River navigation, 84–85, 111, 120–21, 122, 182, 259–60, 304–5
and Montpelier, see Montpelier
at Nassau Hall (Princeton), 23–33
national bank and, 220, 221–22, 226, 227, 440
National Gazette essays by, 231, 233, 234, 235
natural history interest of, 104
“Notes on Ancient and Modern Confederacies,” 123
and nullification, 445–48
and Orange County Committee of Safety, 46, 47, 48–49, 55
papers of, 9–10, 21, 32–33, 448–49, 455, 457
personal traits of, 2–4, 9, 69–72, 81, 113, 181, 190, 284–85, 321, 371, 424–25
political defeats of, 65, 70, 184, 210
political evolution of, 221, 423
and political parties, 224, 228–29, 231, 232–33, 235–37
political skills of, 60, 67–68, 82, 83–84, 97, 107–8, 118, 189–90, 207, 209–10, 228–29, 290, 309, 325, 340, 347–48, 356–57, 362, 365, 367–71, 446, 458
portraits of, 89–90, 321–22, 435
posthumous statement of, 448
presidency of, 8, 222, 352, 355–58, 362–63, 367–71, 387–92, 394, 397–400, 416–18, 423, 425–26
and presidential elections, 236–37, 262–63, 265, 278, 284, 289–90, 291–92, 317, 319, 335, 344–52, 385
as public speaker, 3, 181, 185–86, 190
and ratification, 167–69, 170–78, 179–80, 190
religious beliefs of, 39–40, 41–42, 453
and religious freedom, 59–60, 63–64, 108–10, 168
Report of 1800, 282–84
and Republican Party, 236–37, 243
reputation of, 9, 42, 82, 97, 239, 252
and retirement from U.S. Congress, 252–53, 265–66, 267
and retirement from public life, 429–41, 445–50
and Revolutionary War debt, 91, 96, 209–11, 216
schooling of, 5, 20–23, 71
as secretary of state, 8, 292, 298–99, 300–302, 315, 327, 329–30, 333, 347–48
and slavery, 13–14, 19, 41, 72, 94–95, 115, 212–14, 225, 271–72, 441, 449, 451–52
socializing, 104, 181, 203, 306, 314–16, 35
4, 355, 434–36, 437
“sudden attacks” of, 4, 6, 17–18, 29, 31, 32, 38, 40, 51–52, 71, 87–88, 102, 114, 173, 225, 250, 262, 266, 300, 317, 328, 334, 425
and threat of war with Britain, 261–62
travels of, 113–14, 223–25
and University of Virginia, 436–38
“Vices of the Political System of the United States,” 123, 124, 159, 164
and Virginia Assembly, 6, 63, 104, 105–10, 280, 282–84
and Virginia Convention, 55–57, 59–62
in Virginia Council of State, 65–67, 68, 69, 72–73
and Virginia Resolutions, 276–77, 282–83, 445, 446
and War of 1812, see War of 1812
Madison, Rev. James (cousin), 69, 87, 351
Madison, James senior (father), 15–17, 20, 22, 26, 37, 42, 87, 126, 166
death of, 293
estate of, 293–94, 439, 456
health of, 271, 292
and Montpelier, 243, 252, 253, 270, 271, 293, 430
and Orange County Committee of Safety, 46, 48, 55
and young James’s finances, 29, 94, 104, 114
Madison, John (great-grandfather), 12
Madison, John (great-great-grandfather), 11–12
Madison, Nelly (mother), 16–17, 42, 270
children of, 17, 22, 47
death of, 450
illness of, 194, 203
Madison, Nelly (sister), 36
Madison, Robert (nephew), 439, 450
Madison, Sarah (sister), 36
Madison, William (brother), 37, 44, 105, 294, 439, 456
Madison family:
background of, 11–18, 21
estate of, 11–12, 14, 16–17, 293–94, 431, 439, 456; see also Montpelier
library of, 9, 15, 17, 36–38
and Mount Pleasant, 16–17, 22
slaves of, 13–14, 15, 19, 36, 94
Maffitt, Rev. William, 409
malaria, 390–92
Malone, Dumas, 72, 325
Malthus, Thomas, 452
Marathon, Battle of, 386
Marbury, William, 311–13
Marbury v. Madison, 311–13
Marshall, John, 3, 291, 312, 313, 337, 338–39, 433, 434, 447
Martin, Alexander, 22, 23
Martin, Luther, 133, 135–36, 138, 139, 142, 326, 339
Martin, Thomas, 22, 23, 24
Martin, William, 269
Martineau, Harriet, 451–53
Marty, Martin, 110
Maryland:
and Constitutional Convention, 138–39, 141
Jefferson’s letter to, 170, 179, 234
militia of, 48
and ratification, 166–67, 169, 170, 171, 179
War of 1812 in, 401, 403, 406–8, 417
Mason, George, 75, 103, 238–39
and Constitutional Convention, 126, 130, 131, 132, 133, 143, 150, 151, 155
and ratification, 169–70, 171, 172, 175
and Virginia Convention, 58–59, 61, 72
Mason, John, 370
Mason, Stevens Thomson, 255, 286