James Madison: A Life Reconsidered
Page 66
Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles-Maurice de, 273, 279, 329, 339, 368
Tallmadge, Benjamin, 100
Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations), 444–45
Tarleton, Banastre, 87, 90
Taylor, Erasmus, 15
Taylor, Francis, 110–11
Taylor, George, 20
Taylor, James, 12
Taylor, John, 280
Taylor, William, 449
Taylor, Zachary, 457
Tecumseh, Chief, 373, 393, 419
Ternay, chevalier de, 72
Thames River (Canada), Battle of, 393, 419
Themistocles, 386
Thornton, Anna, 426
Thornton, Edward, 301
Thornton, William, 411, 414, 426, 439
Thucydides, 21
Tippecanoe River, 373, 374
Todd, Dolley Payne, see Madison, Dolley Payne
Todd, John, 244, 248, 249
Todd, John Payne “Payne,” 244, 271, 294
death of, 457
European travels of, 390, 422–23, 424, 435
inheritance of, 249, 439–40, 456
as ne’er-do-well, 423, 440, 442, 455–56, 457
schooling of, 331
Toft, Mary, 37
Tompkins, Daniel, 395
Toussaint Louverture, François-Dominique, 301, 302, 304
Townshend duties, (1767), 26, 43
Tracy, Uriah, 311
Treasury Department, creation of, 190
Trenton, Battle of, 65, 91
Tripoli, pasha of, 299–300
Trist, Eliza, 1, 2, 3–4, 80, 111–12, 121, 168, 194, 243, 285
Trist, Hore Browse, 1, 285, 303
Trist, Nicholas, 2, 111, 441, 446, 447
Troup, Robert, 223
Tucker, George, 284–85, 321, 347–48
Tucker, Thomas Tudor, 199
Turreau, Louis-Marie, 329, 332
Twelfth Amendment, 318
United Colonies:
and foreign policy, 67
independence of, 57, 62, 82, 154
and money matters, 76–77, 91
naval power of, 82
states’ powers in, 78, 86, 89, 93
United States of America:
Articles of Confederation, see Articles of Confederation
capital city location, 201–2, 203, 217–19
Constitution, see Constitution, U.S.
creation of, 4–5, 72, 96, 126, 458
disorder in, 119, 122, 134
eastern vs. western states, 311
farmers in, 191, 220, 229
French alliance with, 68, 82–83, 191, 240–42
immigrants to, 253, 274
international trade, 117–18, 191–92, 243, 245–47, 254–57, 262, 330, 332, 334, 340, 343–44, 356–57, 364–66, 394, 396
and land claims, 93–94, 324–27
and money matters, 91–93, 96–97, 105, 106, 116–17, 122, 163, 189, 208–11, 212, 215–19, 230–32, 303, 331, 366, 368–69, 388–89, 414, 417, 423
national bank, 220–22, 226, 227, 231, 368–69, 423
and neutrality, 240–42, 301, 330, 340, 365
North vs. South in, 182, 201, 311, 431–33, 444, 445, 447–48, 458
pirates preying on ships of, 245, 246
prosperity of, 227–28
and secession, 216–17, 283, 448
slavery in, 212–15, 431
slaves as three-fifths of a person in, 94–95
states’ collective interests in, 93–94
states’ separate interests in, 105, 106, 108, 116, 117, 121, 122, 123–25, 142, 173, 182, 221
and taxes, 93–94, 97, 116, 119, 220, 444–48
threats of dissolution, 135, 216–17, 219, 283
undeclared war with France, 262, 264–65, 269, 273, 278, 303, 356, 365, 370
and War of 1812, see War of 1812
westward expansion of, 111, 307–8, 310, 419–20, 429
and XYZ Affair, 273, 279, 331
University of Virginia, 110, 436–38, 455
USS Chesapeake, 341–44, 363, 370, 372
USS Constellation, 385, 387
USS Constitution (Old Ironsides), 383–84
USS President, 370, 383
USS Revenge, 342
USS Saratoga, 413
USS United States, 386
Valley Forge, 66, 79
Van Ness, John P., 401
Veritas (pen name), 241
Vermont, militia in, 396
vice presidency:
Adams and Hancock as candidates for, 182–83
and Constitution, 147–48, 150
see also presidential elections; specific vice presidents
Vincennes, Battle of, 67
Vining, John, 196
Virgil, 21
Virginia:
agricultural decline of, 447–48, 456
and Articles of Confederation, 118
British forces in, 46, 82, 87, 90–91
and capital city location, 219
and constitutional amendments, 193, 195, 200
and Constitutional Convention, 7, 118–20, 126, 128–31, 132, 134, 135, 136, 139, 141, 142, 143, 149
constitution of, 58, 60–62, 103, 106, 107, 165, 447
and Continental Congress, 45–46, 60–61, 73, 84
Council of State, 65–69, 72–73, 393
drought of 1769, 29
and Electoral College, 147, 284, 290
and events leading to Revolution, 44–47, 49
farming in, 12–16, 430, 447–48, 456
gentry class in, 20, 47
geography of, 19, 23
governorship of, 62, 65, 280–81
hospitality in, 19–20, 434
legislature, see Virginia Assembly
loyalty to, 72
Madison family history in, 11–18
manufacturing in, 447–48
and military expansion, 279
militia of, 48, 65
and Mississippi River, 84–85, 182
and national finances, 91, 93, 95–96, 106, 108, 215
and nullification, 276–77
Orange County Committee of Safety, 46, 47, 48–49, 55
Piedmont region of, 72–73, 104
and ratification, 8, 157, 158, 159, 166–67, 169, 170–78, 179, 182, 183, 190, 201
religion in, 6, 40–41, 43, 108–10, 123–24, 167–68
and Revolutionary War actions, 63, 65, 82, 90–91
and slavery, 13–14, 37, 40, 61, 72, 148, 212, 431, 449
Statute for Religious Freedom, 6
tobacco in, 12–16, 430
and war debts, 215–16, 217, 219
War of 1812 in, 389–90, 410
western land claims of, 66–67, 85–86, 210, 393
Virginia Assembly, 6, 84, 85, 86, 94, 104, 105–10, 185, 257, 280–81
House of Burgesses, 44, 46
House of Delegates, 63, 64, 123, 184, 280, 281, 282–84
Virginia Convention (1776), 55–62, 72
declaration of rights, 57, 58, 59, 63–64, 108–9
and independence, 57–58, 62
roles of, 61, 62
and state constitution, 58, 60–62
Virginia Declaration of Rights, 57, 58, 59, 63–64, 108–9, 183
Virginia Gazette, 26, 58, 63, 64
Virginia Herald, 185
Virginia ratifying convention, 166–67, 168–78, 183, 190, 234, 347
Virginia Resolutions, 57–58, 62, 276–77, 279, 282–83, 351, 437, 445, 446
Wadsworth, Jeremiah, 201–2
Walker, Betsey, 309
Walker, John, 80, 86, 309
War Department, creation of, 190
War of 1812, 8, 379–404, 405–21, 429
assessments of, 420–21
Congreve rockets in, 407, 413, 418
declaration of war, 378
land battles in, 381–82, 386–87, 388, 391–92, 393–94, 394–95, 397, 398, 400, 407–8, 418, 420
opponents of, 374, 379–81, 382–83, 384, 389, 391, 395–96, 415, 419, 421
peace treaty, 419, 421
steps toward, 366, 369, 370–71, 372–78
and taxes, 374, 375, 389, 414, 417
Tenth Military District, 399, 405–6
U.S. invasion of Canada, 373–74, 381–82, 386
U.S. naval victories in, 383–84, 385–86, 388, 392, 420
war hawks, 372, 375, 377–78
Washington City as target in, 390, 398–400, 403–4, 405–12
and western expansion, 419–20
Washington, Bushrod, 173
Washington, George:
birthday celebrated, 253
as Cincinnatus, 179
and Constitutional Convention, 7, 119–20, 125–28, 136–37, 138, 140, 151, 156
and Continental army, 48, 56, 58, 63, 66, 75, 95, 209
and Continental Congress, 77
death of, 281–82
editorial attacks on, 235, 241
estate of, 452
Farewell Address of, 263, 266, 438
and The Federalist, 158
and foreign relations, 89, 240–42, 247, 257, 259
and Hamilton, 91, 234, 278
health of, 217, 219, 233–34, 349
and House of Burgesses, 44, 46
inaugural address of, 186, 187–88, 438
and Jay Treaty, 255, 256, 257, 258, 260, 266, 269
and land speculation, 115
Madison’s assistance to, 188, 203, 227, 234, 242, 244
Madison’s correspondence with, 71, 175, 178
Madison’s eulogy for, 281–82
and military expansion, 278–79
and money matters, 97, 222
at Mount Vernon, 167, 178, 179, 184–85, 266, 281
papers of, 10
personal traits of, 2, 192–93, 281–82
and political parties, 233, 241, 247
popularity of, 57, 247
portrait of, 409, 435
and Potomac River, 113
presidency of, 8, 168, 178–79, 182, 185, 186–88, 238, 242
and prisoners of war, 69
and ratification, 157, 166, 167, 172, 174, 178
reputation of, 120, 258
and retirement, 179, 233
and Revolution, 49, 63, 64–65, 66, 78, 90–91, 115
and right of assembly, 251–52
and Second Congress, 227
and second term, 233–34, 236–37
and slavery, 51, 167
and Society of the Cincinnati, 119–20
statesmanship of, 156
successors to, 262, 263
and Whiskey Rebellion, 250, 251, 252
Washington, George Steptoe, 250
Washington, Lucy Payne, 250
Washington, Martha, 349, 452
Washington City:
burned by British, 8, 409, 411, 416–17
early days of, 295–97
Madisons’ move to, 295–97
Patent Office building, 414
reestablishing the government in, 410–12, 414, 415
setting of, 219, 296, 297, 360–61
social life in, 253, 306–7, 313–16, 354–56, 385–86
and War of 1812, 8, 390, 392, 398–400, 402–4, 405–12, 418
White House in, 411
Webster, Daniel, 391, 433
Wellington, Duke of, 420–21
Wesley, John, 38
West Florida, 304, 310, 323, 329, 331, 367–68
West Point, 80, 112, 386
Whiskey Rebellion, 250–52, 255
Wilkins, William, 249
Wilkinson, James, 336–37, 393
Williamson, Hugh, 148
Willis, John, 331
Willis, Nelly Madison, 438, 453
Wilson, James, 131, 133, 134, 136, 139, 143–44
Winder, Levin, 399
Winder, William, 399–401, 403, 405–7, 410, 417
Wirt, William, 266, 338, 347, 414, 415
Witherspoon, John, 22, 25, 27–30, 42
Wythe, George, 70, 107, 129, 176, 284, 290, 291
XYZ Affair, 273, 279, 331
Yates, Robert, 133
Yazoo landgrab, 324–27, 347
Yorktown, Battle of, 91, 92
Yrujo y Tacón, Don Carlos Martínez de, 323, 332, 337
Image Credits
1: Courtesy of the Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-16960
2: Courtesy of the Library of Congress, LC-USZC4-4098
3: Courtesy of the Library of Congress, LC-USZC4-4099
4: Louis S. Glanzman
5: Excerpt courtesy of the Newspaper and Periodicals Division of the Library of Congress
6: Photograph © 2014 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
7: George Washington (oil on canvas), Stuart, Gilbert (1755–1828) Sterling & Francine Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA The Bridgeman Art Library
8: Charles Willson Peale, James Madison, from the collection of Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, Oklahoma
9: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Gift of Mrs. George S. Robbins
10: White House Historical Association (White House Collection)
11: Courtesy of The Montpelier Foundation, James Madison’s Montpelier, and Partsense, Inc.
12: Courtesy of The Montpelier Foundation, James Madison’s Montpelier, and Partsense, Inc.
13: Courtesy of The Montpelier Foundation, James Madison’s Montpelier, and Partsense, Inc.
14: © National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, and the Thomas Jefferson Foundation at Monticello
15: Collection of The New-York Historical Society, negative #6227
16: Courtesy of the Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-4702
17: Courtesy of the Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-1804
18: © Fundación Lázaro Galdiano, Madrid
19: Gilbert Charles Stuart, Marquis de Casa Yrujo, 1804. Collection of Thomas R. and Susan McKean; photograph courtesy of the Philadelphia Museum of Art
20: Gilbert Charles Stuart, Marchioness de Casa Yrujo, 1804. Collection of Thomas R. and Susan McKean; photograph courtesy of the Philadelphia Museum of Art
21: Courtesy National Gallery of Art, Washington
22: White House Historical Association (White House Collection)
23: Gilbert Stuart, 1944.15. Virginia Historical Society
24: Wood, Joseph (1778–1830), (attributed to). John Payne Todd. ca. 1817. Watercolor on ivory, 2 ⅝ x 2 1⁄16 in. (6.7 x 5.26 cm). Gift of Miss Mary Madison McGuire, 1936 (36.73). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, U.S.A. Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY
25: Naval History & Heritage Command, Washington, DC
26: Naval War College Museum Collection
27: John Armstrong by Rembrandt Peale, from life, c. 1808. Courtesy of Independence National Historical Park
28: © Bettmann/Corbis
29: White House Historical Association (White House Collection)
30: Armed Forces History Division, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
31: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, photograph by Carol M. Highsmith, LC-HS503-5367
32: White House Historical Association (White House Collection)
33: Joseph Wood, 1967.14. Virginia Historical Society
34: Joseph Wood, 1967.13. Virginia Historical Society
35: Photograph by Kenneth Wyner. Courtesy of The Montpelier Foundation, James Madison’s Montpelier
36: Photograph by Philip Beaurline. Courtesy of The Montpelier Foundation, James Madison’s Montpelier
37: Courtesy of The Montpelier Foundation, James Madison’s Montpelier
le(100%); -o-filter: grayscale(100%); -ms-filter: grayscale(100%); filter: grayscale(100%); " class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons">share