John Quincy Adams

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John Quincy Adams Page 79

by James Traub


  522On February 8 he and Charles Francis: Diary of CFA, February 13, 1847.

  522In a letter to Charles Francis: JQA to CFA, May 11, 1847.

  523The will he had drawn up: Last Will and Testament of John Quincy Adams, January 18, 1847 (printed in chronological file of letters).

  523“I see nothing left in him: Diary of CFA, July 11, 1847.

  523He responded to a correspondent: JQA to Branly Mayer, July 6, 1847.

  524He wrote a long letter to Albert Gallatin: JQA to Albert Gallatin, December 26, 1847.

  524“My Dear Son,”: JQA to CFA, January 1, 1848.

  524She wrote long, gossipy “journalizing” letters: LCA to Abigail Brooks Adams, January 21, January 31, and February 7–20, 1848.

  525Adams continued to be seen: Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Union, 533.

  525“In days of yore: Diaries, February 20, 1848.

  525“an emphatic manner: Journal of Commerce, February 21, 1848.

  525“His right hand moved: Boston Emancipator and Republican, February 21, 1848.

  526Adams lingered throughout the day: These accounts come from the Journal of Commerce and the National Intelligencer in the days immediately following Adams’ stroke.

  526“He has been the great landmark: Diary of CFA, February 22–25, 1848.

  CHAPTER 39: OBSEQUIES

  528At noon on February 24, 1848: Congressional Globe Debates and Proceedings, 30th Congress, 1st session, February 24, 1848.

  529The funeral was held: The New York Tribune, among many others, offered a lengthy account of the solemnities, February 28, 1848.

  529“while differing on some points: Included in Tokens of a Nation’s Sorrow (Washington: J. and G. S. Gideon, 1848), which includes many of the details of Adams’ funeral as well as speeches delivered in Congress.

  530“mulatoo grooms clad: New York Tribune, March 8, 1848.

  530“the greatest body: Philip Hone, The Diary of Philip Hone, 1828–51 (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1889), March 8, 1848.

  530Adams’ remains reached Boston: Boston Daily Advertiser, March 17, 1848.

  531The eulogy was delivered: The Reverend William Lunt, A Discourse Delivered in Quincy, March 11, 1848, at the Interment of President John Quincy Adams, Sixth President of the United States (Boston: Little, Brown, 1852).

  532“he never obtruded his learning: New York Tribune, February 29, 1848.

  532“How rare it is: Joseph Henry Allen, The Statesman and the Man: A Discourse on Occasion of the Death of the Hon. John Quincy Adams (Washington: J. and G. S. Gideon, 1848).

  532“It was God who placed him: William Hague, A Discourse Occasioned by the Death of the Honorable John Quincy Adams (Boston: W. D. Ticknor, 1848).

  532“held up a dry crust: Edward Everett, A Eulogy on the Life and Character of John Quincy Adams (Boston: Dutton and Wentworth, 1848).

  532“inflexible adherence to principle,”: Edwin Hubbell Chapin, The Truly Great: A Discourse, Appropriate to the Life and Character of John Quincy Adams (Boston: A. Tompkins, 1848).

  533“though his magnanimity: William Seward, Oration on the Death of John Quincy Adams (Albany, NY: Charles van Benthuysen, 1848).

  533Thus has ‘a great man fallen in Israel’: Hone, Diary of Philip Hone, February 24, 1848.

  533a writer in the New Orleans Crescent: William White, ed., The People and John Quincy Adams (Berkeley Heights, NJ: Oriole, 1962). A galley proof of the article bearing Whitman’s name and notations was found in an archive in the Detroit Public Library.

  534he delivered not a formal eulogy: Theodore Parker, A Discourse Occasioned by the Death of John Quincy Adams (Boston: Bela Marsh, 1848).

  536Charles Francis loyally characterized the work: Charles Francis Adams, The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States, with a Life of the Author (Boston: Little Brown, 1850–1856).

  INDEX

  abolitionism

  British designs on Texas, 500–501

  British treaty, 261–262

  congressional debate over, 487–494

  cross-country spread of, 449–450

  death threats against JQA, 462–463

  image as radicals, 454–455

  JQA’s lack of support, 432–433

  organizing and strategizing, 487–489

  petitioning Congress, 399, 428–430, 433–434, 441–446, 449–450, 463–464, 487–494

  piracy and, 295–297

  Second Great Awakening, 430–432

  Texas Revolution, 438–440

  Theodore Weld, 486–487

  See also Texas, annexation of

  absolutism, 98–99

  activist government, xiv

  Adams, Abigail (mother), 3–9

  concerns over JQA’s morality, 22–23

  death of her daughter Nabby, 185

  death of her son Charles, 103

  failing health and death, 227–228

  John Adams’s courtship of, 55–56

  John Adams’s diplomatic appointment to France, 16–17

  JQA’s admission to Harvard, 42

  JQA’s appointment to Russia, 161

  JQA’s appointment to as minister to Englands, 201, 206

  JQA’s correspondence, 31

  JQA’s increasing solemnity, 135–137

  JQA’s love for Mary Frazier, 56–57

  JQA’s preparation for college, 37

  on tyranny, 30, 33

  opinion of Jefferson, 124

  opinion of Louisa, 112–113

  petitioning for JQA’s return from Russia, 168, 172

  return from England, 52–53

  Thomas Jefferson and, 36

  voyage to Britain, 35

  Adams, Abigail Brooks (daughter-in-law), 337–339, 385, 515–516, 522, 536

  Adams, Charles (brother), 25–27, 57, 59–60, 71, 78, 102–103, 142, 241

  Adams, Charles Francis (son), 515

  Amistad case, 481–482

  birth of, 150

  editing his father’s diaries, 521

  education of, 175–176, 216, 227, 251–252, 272

  engagement and marriage, 338–339

  George’s financial and emotional insecurity, 337–339, 382–383

  JQA’s collection of speeches, 514

  JQA’s death, 526, 528–529

  JQA’s final days, 523–524, 526–527

  JQA’s fondness for, 182

  JQA’s legacy, 535–536

  JQA’s love and care for, 516

  JQA’s observations on public service, 426–427

  JQA’s parenting, xvi

  JQA’s political reputation, 374

  marriage to Abby Brooks, 385

  political activities, 510–511

  precociousness of, 197

  publication of JQA’s journals, xvii

  Adams, Charles Francis III, 536

  Adams, Charles Francis IV, 536–537

  Adams, George (son), 150

  birth of, 105–106

  drinking and depression, 337–339

  education of, 175–176, 183–184, 226–227, 251–252

  his father’s burial, 531

  illness and death, xvii, 380–384, 386–387

  JQA’s appointment as minister to England, 201–202

  JQA’s parenting, xvi

  JQA’s separation from, 144–145

  JQA’s worries over, 158

  Adams, Henry (grandson), xvi, 16, 515, 536

  Adams, John (father)

  appointment to France, 16–21

  Battle of Bunker Hill, 3–4

  concerns over French domination, 97–100

  courtship of Abigail, 55–56

  death of his son Charles, 103

  Declaration of Independence, 490

  defining the American Revolution, 15–16

  episodes of depression, 52

  family history, 4–9

  Holland trip, 34

  illness and death of, 33–34, 239, 298–299, 335–337

  investment loss, 118

 
JQA’s appointment as minister to England, 201–202

  JQA’s biography of, 380, 384

  JQA’s education, 35

  JQA’s increasing solemnity, 135–137

  JQA’s intellect, 36–37

  JQA’s political correspondence with, 72

  JQA’s preparation for college, 36–37

  JQA’s prognostication of the French Revolution, 72–76

  JQA’s resemblance to, 54

  JQA’s return from London, 216

  JQA’s Supreme Court appointment, 172

  Louisa and, 113, 249

  Massachusetts convention, 24–25, 59–60

  opinion of Jefferson, 124

  political advice to JQA, 152–153

  presidential election, 88, 106

  return from England, 52–53

  Shays’ Rebellion, 47

  Talleyrand’s XYZ affair, 100

  Thomas Adams’s disappearance, 240–241

  Treaty of Paris negotiation, 23–24, 31

  war against tyranny, 513

  Adams, John (son)

  as presidential secretary, 329

  birth of, 117

  education of, 216, 226–227, 252

  eviction from Harvard, 272

  fight with Russell Jarvis, 363–364

  gainful employment, 380

  his father’s burial, 531

  illness and death of, xvii, 420–422

  JQA’s appointment as minister to England, 201

  JQA’s parenting, xvi

  marriage, 332–333

  temperament, 338, 386

  Adams, Louisa (daughter), xv, xvii, 175, 178–179, 183–184, 250–251

  Adams, Louisa Catherine (granddaughter), 379, 514, 516, 520

  Adams, Louisa Johnson (wife), xv–xvi, 81–85, 89

  Abigail Adams’s opinion on, 112–113

  age and mortality, 510

  birth of her children, 105–106, 117, 150, 175

  Boston social life, 116–117

  Clay and Russell’s attempts to blacken JQA’s reputation, 269–270

  death of, 537

  death of her children, 178–179, 183–184, 421

  death threats against JQA, 485–486

  decimation of her own family, 110–112

  grand ball, 290–291

  Henry Adams’s memories of, 516

  her father’s bankruptcy, 90–91

  journey across war-torn Europe, 199–201

  journey to Prussia, 92–93

  JQA’s admonitions on her comportment, 85–87

  JQA’s appointment to Russia, 160, 164–169, 192

  JQA’s appointment as minister to England, 201–202

  JQA’s failing health, 521–522, 524

  JQA’s funeral, 531

  JQA’s poetry, 145–147

  JQA’s presidential duties, 331–332, 340–341

  JQA’s separation from, 144–145

  leaving Russia, 197

  marital conflict, 371–372

  meeting the queen of Prussia, 95–96

  money quarrels, 129–130

  pregnancy and miscarriage, 93, 104

  preoccupation with death, 332

  removal to Quincy, 137–138

  return to America, 109–111

  satirical writings of, 249–250, 332–335

  Washington social life, 123–124, 224–225

  women’s right to petition, 461

  Adams, Mary Hellen (daughter-in-law), 251–252, 332–333, 529

  Adams, Nancy Hellen (sister-in-law), 240, 401–402

  Adams, Peter (uncle), 118

  Adams, Samuel, 46

  Adams, Thomas (brother)

  death of his brother Charles, 103

  death of his daughter, 178

  disappearance of, 239–241

  illness and death, 401–402

  John’s education, 226

  JQA’s appointment to Berlin, 92–93

  JQA’s diplomatic secretary, 66, 71

  literary career, 130

  Louisa and, 95

  marriage of, 137

  Philadelphia visit, 59–60

  Silesian letters, 105

  aggression bill, 151–152

  Alamo, the Battle of, 435–436

  Alaska, 276–277, 296–297

  Alexander of Russia, 159–160, 165, 169–171, 180–181, 209, 278–279, 283

  Allen, Dorcas, 451–452, 458, 474

  Allen, Nathaniel, 452

  Amelia Island, 219–220, 237

  American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 384–385

  American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS), 428–429, 431, 445–446, 465

  American Colonization Society (ACS), 242

  American Revolution, 3–4, 9–10, 15, 18–21, 61–62, 82, 256–257

  American System, Clay’s, 266, 278, 280, 366, 391, 400, 405–406, 425, 484

  Ames, Fisher, 114, 120, 126, 133

  Amistad (slave ship) case, xiii, xvii, 466–482, 534

  Antelope v. U.S., 474

  Anti-Masonic Party, 408–413, 415–416, 422, 431, 449, 514

  antislavery movement, 462–463. See also abolitionism

  Anti-Slavery Society, 449

  Appeal . . . to the Coloured Citizens of the World (Walker), 431–432

  Aristotle, 416

  Articles of Confederation, 58–59, 395

  assassination threats, xi, 463, 493

  Astronomical Society of Cincinnati, 502–505

  astronomy, JQA’s love of, 518–519, 523–524

  Austria

  French Revolutionary Wars, 68–69, 73, 76–77, 96, 102, 126, 166

  Holy Alliance with Russia and Prussia, 209

  Napoleon’s connection to, 169

  republican movements in Europe, 278

  Bache, Benjamin, 21

  Bache, Richard, 365–366

  Bacon, Francis, 71, 340

  Baldwin, Henry, 245

  Baldwin, Roger Sherman, 468–469, 473, 477–478

  banking

  infrastructure funding, 233

  Jackson’s campaign against the Second Bank, 415–418, 477, 496

  Otis’s attempt to obtain a charter, 115–116

  Sub-Treasury bill, 451

  Barbary pirates, 128

  Barbé-Marbois, François de, 24–25

  Barbour, James, 317, 320, 323, 335, 364

  Baring, Alexander, 191

  Batavian Republic, 69–72

  Bayard, James, 152, 182, 185–187, 189–190

  Bentham, Jeremy, 210–211, 411

  Biddle, Nicholas, 415–418

  Bielefeld, Baron de, 71, 84

  Binns, John, 365

  Bolívar, Simón, 341–342

  Bonaparte, Napoleon

  Army of the Alps, 76–77

  coup of Fructidor, 98

  designs on Prussia, Austria and Russia, 96–97

  French invasion of Russia, 180–182

  invasion of France, 198–201

  JQA’s concerns over French aggression, 176

  JQA’s opinion of, 102

  New World ambitions, 126

  political marriage to Marie Louise, 169

  Russia’s political role, 166–167, 170–171

  Boston Lyceum speech, 502

  Boston Massacre (1770), 7

  Boston Tea Party (1773), 13

  Botts, John, 492, 494

  Boylston, Nicholas Ward, 384, 522

  Boylston Professor of Rhetoric, 138–139, 142–144, 150

  Bradley, Stephen, 153

  Braille education, 518

  Britain

  abolition in the West Indian colonies, 431

  abolitionism, 295–296, 500

  American stance on the French Revolution, 65

  American trade embargo, xii, 74, 140–142, 151–152, 154–159, 166, 534

  America’s political neutrality, 80–81

  Bentham’s passion for democratic reform, 210–211

  blockades in Northern Europe, 162–163, 170

  commercial treaty
negotiations, 207–208

  congressional debate over abolition, 491

  Continental war, 186–187

  English conquest of Ireland, 392–393

  French ambitions in South America, 279

  inevitability of war with, 148–152, 155–156

  Jay’s Treaty, 74–75

  John Adams’s appointment to London, 37–38

  JQA’s appointment as minister to England, 201–211

  JQA’s courtship and marriage, 81–82, 89–90

  JQA’s increasing antipathy towards colonialism, 261–262

  JQA’s Independence Day address, 256–258

  JQA’s refusal of princely gifts, 209–210

  JQA’s republican education, 34

  JQA’s sojourn, 32–33

  Monroe Doctrine terms, 279–280

  newspapers, 264

  Northwest Ordinance, 127

  Oregon and Mexican territories, 511–513

  Pacific Coast territorial claims, 276–277, 296–297

  republican movements in Europe, 278

  slavery, 242

  sovereignty debate, 396

  territorial dispute with Spain, 228–229

  Treaty of Ghent, 186–195, 267

  Treaty of Paris, 25

  Tyler inflaming tensions with, 497–498

  War of 1812, 176–177, 181, 195, 225

  war with France, 73–74, 101–102

  weights and measures, 253–254

  William of Orange’s alliance with, 69

  Brooks, Peter, 338–339

  Buchanan, James, 356, 370

  Bulfinch, Charles, 113–114

  Bunker Hill, Battle of, 3–4, 9–10, 13, 15

  Burke, Edmund, xiv, 60–62, 72, 98, 234

  Burr, Aaron, 122, 135, 151

  cabinet formation, JQA’s, 316–318, 337, 374–375

  Calhoun, John, 264

  acknowledging the Spanish colonies, 279–280

  administrative abuse of patronage, 424–425

  Amelia Island conflict, 220–222

  background, education, and abilities of, 234–235

  defending the Southern way of life, 443

  1824 presidential campaign, 265–266, 292–293

  intervention in Greece, 275–276

  JQA’s death and burial, 529

  Mexican-American War, 501–502

  Monroe administration, 236, 243–244

  Monroe Doctrine, 281, 286

  nullification doctrine, 394–397, 405

  Pan-American Congress, 346, 349–351

  presidential interest, 288

  runoff election, 309–310

  Smithson bequest, 460

  Texas annexation, 500

  Van Buren’s North-South alliance, 354–355

  campaign spending, 357–360

  Canada, 189–190, 276–277, 296–297

  Canning, George, 149, 279, 297

 

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