John Quincy Adams
Page 79
522On February 8 he and Charles Francis: Diary of CFA, February 13, 1847.
522In a letter to Charles Francis: JQA to CFA, May 11, 1847.
523The will he had drawn up: Last Will and Testament of John Quincy Adams, January 18, 1847 (printed in chronological file of letters).
523“I see nothing left in him: Diary of CFA, July 11, 1847.
523He responded to a correspondent: JQA to Branly Mayer, July 6, 1847.
524He wrote a long letter to Albert Gallatin: JQA to Albert Gallatin, December 26, 1847.
524“My Dear Son,”: JQA to CFA, January 1, 1848.
524She wrote long, gossipy “journalizing” letters: LCA to Abigail Brooks Adams, January 21, January 31, and February 7–20, 1848.
525Adams continued to be seen: Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Union, 533.
525“In days of yore: Diaries, February 20, 1848.
525“an emphatic manner: Journal of Commerce, February 21, 1848.
525“His right hand moved: Boston Emancipator and Republican, February 21, 1848.
526Adams lingered throughout the day: These accounts come from the Journal of Commerce and the National Intelligencer in the days immediately following Adams’ stroke.
526“He has been the great landmark: Diary of CFA, February 22–25, 1848.
CHAPTER 39: OBSEQUIES
528At noon on February 24, 1848: Congressional Globe Debates and Proceedings, 30th Congress, 1st session, February 24, 1848.
529The funeral was held: The New York Tribune, among many others, offered a lengthy account of the solemnities, February 28, 1848.
529“while differing on some points: Included in Tokens of a Nation’s Sorrow (Washington: J. and G. S. Gideon, 1848), which includes many of the details of Adams’ funeral as well as speeches delivered in Congress.
530“mulatoo grooms clad: New York Tribune, March 8, 1848.
530“the greatest body: Philip Hone, The Diary of Philip Hone, 1828–51 (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1889), March 8, 1848.
530Adams’ remains reached Boston: Boston Daily Advertiser, March 17, 1848.
531The eulogy was delivered: The Reverend William Lunt, A Discourse Delivered in Quincy, March 11, 1848, at the Interment of President John Quincy Adams, Sixth President of the United States (Boston: Little, Brown, 1852).
532“he never obtruded his learning: New York Tribune, February 29, 1848.
532“How rare it is: Joseph Henry Allen, The Statesman and the Man: A Discourse on Occasion of the Death of the Hon. John Quincy Adams (Washington: J. and G. S. Gideon, 1848).
532“It was God who placed him: William Hague, A Discourse Occasioned by the Death of the Honorable John Quincy Adams (Boston: W. D. Ticknor, 1848).
532“held up a dry crust: Edward Everett, A Eulogy on the Life and Character of John Quincy Adams (Boston: Dutton and Wentworth, 1848).
532“inflexible adherence to principle,”: Edwin Hubbell Chapin, The Truly Great: A Discourse, Appropriate to the Life and Character of John Quincy Adams (Boston: A. Tompkins, 1848).
533“though his magnanimity: William Seward, Oration on the Death of John Quincy Adams (Albany, NY: Charles van Benthuysen, 1848).
533Thus has ‘a great man fallen in Israel’: Hone, Diary of Philip Hone, February 24, 1848.
533a writer in the New Orleans Crescent: William White, ed., The People and John Quincy Adams (Berkeley Heights, NJ: Oriole, 1962). A galley proof of the article bearing Whitman’s name and notations was found in an archive in the Detroit Public Library.
534he delivered not a formal eulogy: Theodore Parker, A Discourse Occasioned by the Death of John Quincy Adams (Boston: Bela Marsh, 1848).
536Charles Francis loyally characterized the work: Charles Francis Adams, The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States, with a Life of the Author (Boston: Little Brown, 1850–1856).
INDEX
abolitionism
British designs on Texas, 500–501
British treaty, 261–262
congressional debate over, 487–494
cross-country spread of, 449–450
death threats against JQA, 462–463
image as radicals, 454–455
JQA’s lack of support, 432–433
organizing and strategizing, 487–489
petitioning Congress, 399, 428–430, 433–434, 441–446, 449–450, 463–464, 487–494
piracy and, 295–297
Second Great Awakening, 430–432
Texas Revolution, 438–440
Theodore Weld, 486–487
See also Texas, annexation of
absolutism, 98–99
activist government, xiv
Adams, Abigail (mother), 3–9
concerns over JQA’s morality, 22–23
death of her daughter Nabby, 185
death of her son Charles, 103
failing health and death, 227–228
John Adams’s courtship of, 55–56
John Adams’s diplomatic appointment to France, 16–17
JQA’s admission to Harvard, 42
JQA’s appointment to Russia, 161
JQA’s appointment to as minister to Englands, 201, 206
JQA’s correspondence, 31
JQA’s increasing solemnity, 135–137
JQA’s love for Mary Frazier, 56–57
JQA’s preparation for college, 37
on tyranny, 30, 33
opinion of Jefferson, 124
opinion of Louisa, 112–113
petitioning for JQA’s return from Russia, 168, 172
return from England, 52–53
Thomas Jefferson and, 36
voyage to Britain, 35
Adams, Abigail Brooks (daughter-in-law), 337–339, 385, 515–516, 522, 536
Adams, Charles (brother), 25–27, 57, 59–60, 71, 78, 102–103, 142, 241
Adams, Charles Francis (son), 515
Amistad case, 481–482
birth of, 150
editing his father’s diaries, 521
education of, 175–176, 216, 227, 251–252, 272
engagement and marriage, 338–339
George’s financial and emotional insecurity, 337–339, 382–383
JQA’s collection of speeches, 514
JQA’s death, 526, 528–529
JQA’s final days, 523–524, 526–527
JQA’s fondness for, 182
JQA’s legacy, 535–536
JQA’s love and care for, 516
JQA’s observations on public service, 426–427
JQA’s parenting, xvi
JQA’s political reputation, 374
marriage to Abby Brooks, 385
political activities, 510–511
precociousness of, 197
publication of JQA’s journals, xvii
Adams, Charles Francis III, 536
Adams, Charles Francis IV, 536–537
Adams, George (son), 150
birth of, 105–106
drinking and depression, 337–339
education of, 175–176, 183–184, 226–227, 251–252
his father’s burial, 531
illness and death, xvii, 380–384, 386–387
JQA’s appointment as minister to England, 201–202
JQA’s parenting, xvi
JQA’s separation from, 144–145
JQA’s worries over, 158
Adams, Henry (grandson), xvi, 16, 515, 536
Adams, John (father)
appointment to France, 16–21
Battle of Bunker Hill, 3–4
concerns over French domination, 97–100
courtship of Abigail, 55–56
death of his son Charles, 103
Declaration of Independence, 490
defining the American Revolution, 15–16
episodes of depression, 52
family history, 4–9
Holland trip, 34
illness and death of, 33–34, 239, 298–299, 335–337
investment loss, 118
JQA’s appointment as minister to England, 201–202
JQA’s biography of, 380, 384
JQA’s education, 35
JQA’s increasing solemnity, 135–137
JQA’s intellect, 36–37
JQA’s political correspondence with, 72
JQA’s preparation for college, 36–37
JQA’s prognostication of the French Revolution, 72–76
JQA’s resemblance to, 54
JQA’s return from London, 216
JQA’s Supreme Court appointment, 172
Louisa and, 113, 249
Massachusetts convention, 24–25, 59–60
opinion of Jefferson, 124
political advice to JQA, 152–153
presidential election, 88, 106
return from England, 52–53
Shays’ Rebellion, 47
Talleyrand’s XYZ affair, 100
Thomas Adams’s disappearance, 240–241
Treaty of Paris negotiation, 23–24, 31
war against tyranny, 513
Adams, John (son)
as presidential secretary, 329
birth of, 117
education of, 216, 226–227, 252
eviction from Harvard, 272
fight with Russell Jarvis, 363–364
gainful employment, 380
his father’s burial, 531
illness and death of, xvii, 420–422
JQA’s appointment as minister to England, 201
JQA’s parenting, xvi
marriage, 332–333
temperament, 338, 386
Adams, Louisa (daughter), xv, xvii, 175, 178–179, 183–184, 250–251
Adams, Louisa Catherine (granddaughter), 379, 514, 516, 520
Adams, Louisa Johnson (wife), xv–xvi, 81–85, 89
Abigail Adams’s opinion on, 112–113
age and mortality, 510
birth of her children, 105–106, 117, 150, 175
Boston social life, 116–117
Clay and Russell’s attempts to blacken JQA’s reputation, 269–270
death of, 537
death of her children, 178–179, 183–184, 421
death threats against JQA, 485–486
decimation of her own family, 110–112
grand ball, 290–291
Henry Adams’s memories of, 516
her father’s bankruptcy, 90–91
journey across war-torn Europe, 199–201
journey to Prussia, 92–93
JQA’s admonitions on her comportment, 85–87
JQA’s appointment to Russia, 160, 164–169, 192
JQA’s appointment as minister to England, 201–202
JQA’s failing health, 521–522, 524
JQA’s funeral, 531
JQA’s poetry, 145–147
JQA’s presidential duties, 331–332, 340–341
JQA’s separation from, 144–145
leaving Russia, 197
marital conflict, 371–372
meeting the queen of Prussia, 95–96
money quarrels, 129–130
pregnancy and miscarriage, 93, 104
preoccupation with death, 332
removal to Quincy, 137–138
return to America, 109–111
satirical writings of, 249–250, 332–335
Washington social life, 123–124, 224–225
women’s right to petition, 461
Adams, Mary Hellen (daughter-in-law), 251–252, 332–333, 529
Adams, Nancy Hellen (sister-in-law), 240, 401–402
Adams, Peter (uncle), 118
Adams, Samuel, 46
Adams, Thomas (brother)
death of his brother Charles, 103
death of his daughter, 178
disappearance of, 239–241
illness and death, 401–402
John’s education, 226
JQA’s appointment to Berlin, 92–93
JQA’s diplomatic secretary, 66, 71
literary career, 130
Louisa and, 95
marriage of, 137
Philadelphia visit, 59–60
Silesian letters, 105
aggression bill, 151–152
Alamo, the Battle of, 435–436
Alaska, 276–277, 296–297
Alexander of Russia, 159–160, 165, 169–171, 180–181, 209, 278–279, 283
Allen, Dorcas, 451–452, 458, 474
Allen, Nathaniel, 452
Amelia Island, 219–220, 237
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 384–385
American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS), 428–429, 431, 445–446, 465
American Colonization Society (ACS), 242
American Revolution, 3–4, 9–10, 15, 18–21, 61–62, 82, 256–257
American System, Clay’s, 266, 278, 280, 366, 391, 400, 405–406, 425, 484
Ames, Fisher, 114, 120, 126, 133
Amistad (slave ship) case, xiii, xvii, 466–482, 534
Antelope v. U.S., 474
Anti-Masonic Party, 408–413, 415–416, 422, 431, 449, 514
antislavery movement, 462–463. See also abolitionism
Anti-Slavery Society, 449
Appeal . . . to the Coloured Citizens of the World (Walker), 431–432
Aristotle, 416
Articles of Confederation, 58–59, 395
assassination threats, xi, 463, 493
Astronomical Society of Cincinnati, 502–505
astronomy, JQA’s love of, 518–519, 523–524
Austria
French Revolutionary Wars, 68–69, 73, 76–77, 96, 102, 126, 166
Holy Alliance with Russia and Prussia, 209
Napoleon’s connection to, 169
republican movements in Europe, 278
Bache, Benjamin, 21
Bache, Richard, 365–366
Bacon, Francis, 71, 340
Baldwin, Henry, 245
Baldwin, Roger Sherman, 468–469, 473, 477–478
banking
infrastructure funding, 233
Jackson’s campaign against the Second Bank, 415–418, 477, 496
Otis’s attempt to obtain a charter, 115–116
Sub-Treasury bill, 451
Barbary pirates, 128
Barbé-Marbois, François de, 24–25
Barbour, James, 317, 320, 323, 335, 364
Baring, Alexander, 191
Batavian Republic, 69–72
Bayard, James, 152, 182, 185–187, 189–190
Bentham, Jeremy, 210–211, 411
Biddle, Nicholas, 415–418
Bielefeld, Baron de, 71, 84
Binns, John, 365
Bolívar, Simón, 341–342
Bonaparte, Napoleon
Army of the Alps, 76–77
coup of Fructidor, 98
designs on Prussia, Austria and Russia, 96–97
French invasion of Russia, 180–182
invasion of France, 198–201
JQA’s concerns over French aggression, 176
JQA’s opinion of, 102
New World ambitions, 126
political marriage to Marie Louise, 169
Russia’s political role, 166–167, 170–171
Boston Lyceum speech, 502
Boston Massacre (1770), 7
Boston Tea Party (1773), 13
Botts, John, 492, 494
Boylston, Nicholas Ward, 384, 522
Boylston Professor of Rhetoric, 138–139, 142–144, 150
Bradley, Stephen, 153
Braille education, 518
Britain
abolition in the West Indian colonies, 431
abolitionism, 295–296, 500
American stance on the French Revolution, 65
American trade embargo, xii, 74, 140–142, 151–152, 154–159, 166, 534
America’s political neutrality, 80–81
Bentham’s passion for democratic reform, 210–211
blockades in Northern Europe, 162–163, 170
commercial treaty
negotiations, 207–208
congressional debate over abolition, 491
Continental war, 186–187
English conquest of Ireland, 392–393
French ambitions in South America, 279
inevitability of war with, 148–152, 155–156
Jay’s Treaty, 74–75
John Adams’s appointment to London, 37–38
JQA’s appointment as minister to England, 201–211
JQA’s courtship and marriage, 81–82, 89–90
JQA’s increasing antipathy towards colonialism, 261–262
JQA’s Independence Day address, 256–258
JQA’s refusal of princely gifts, 209–210
JQA’s republican education, 34
JQA’s sojourn, 32–33
Monroe Doctrine terms, 279–280
newspapers, 264
Northwest Ordinance, 127
Oregon and Mexican territories, 511–513
Pacific Coast territorial claims, 276–277, 296–297
republican movements in Europe, 278
slavery, 242
sovereignty debate, 396
territorial dispute with Spain, 228–229
Treaty of Ghent, 186–195, 267
Treaty of Paris, 25
Tyler inflaming tensions with, 497–498
War of 1812, 176–177, 181, 195, 225
war with France, 73–74, 101–102
weights and measures, 253–254
William of Orange’s alliance with, 69
Brooks, Peter, 338–339
Buchanan, James, 356, 370
Bulfinch, Charles, 113–114
Bunker Hill, Battle of, 3–4, 9–10, 13, 15
Burke, Edmund, xiv, 60–62, 72, 98, 234
Burr, Aaron, 122, 135, 151
cabinet formation, JQA’s, 316–318, 337, 374–375
Calhoun, John, 264
acknowledging the Spanish colonies, 279–280
administrative abuse of patronage, 424–425
Amelia Island conflict, 220–222
background, education, and abilities of, 234–235
defending the Southern way of life, 443
1824 presidential campaign, 265–266, 292–293
intervention in Greece, 275–276
JQA’s death and burial, 529
Mexican-American War, 501–502
Monroe administration, 236, 243–244
Monroe Doctrine, 281, 286
nullification doctrine, 394–397, 405
Pan-American Congress, 346, 349–351
presidential interest, 288
runoff election, 309–310
Smithson bequest, 460
Texas annexation, 500
Van Buren’s North-South alliance, 354–355
campaign spending, 357–360
Canada, 189–190, 276–277, 296–297
Canning, George, 149, 279, 297