Gay Berlin

by Robert Beachy

  Ulrichs, Karl Heinrich, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, epl.1

  Association of German Jurists, and the, 1.1, 1.2

  campaign for legal reform, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6

  Dioning, definition, 1.1, 1.2

  education

  family background

  Italy, residency

  Kertbeny, and

  Krafft-Ebing, and, 1.1, 3.1

  Numa Numantius as pseudonym, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3

  pamphlets, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5

  distribution and influence, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

  re-publication, 1.1, 3.1

  Urning, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2

  definition, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3

  Valentino, Rudolph

  Vanselow, Karl

  Veidt, Conrad

  Virchow, Rudolf, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1

  Wandervogel

  see also Lebensreform Bewegung

  Alt-Wandervogel, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

  origins

  antifeminism, and, 5.1

  anti-Semitism, and

  Blüher, Hans, and, 5.1, 5.2

  definition

  diffusion

  Führer principal, and

  homosexuality, and, 5.1, 5.2

  Jung-Wandervogel

  Männerbund

  Neu-Wandervogel, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

  participation of girls, and

  Steglitz-Wandervogel

  Wanderschwestern (Association of Hiking Sisters)

  Waugh, Evelyn

  Wedekind, Frank, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1

  Weil, Arthur

  Werfel, Franz

  Westphal, Carl, itr.1, 1.1, 3.1

  Whitman, Walt

  Wilde, Oscar, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1, epl.1

  Wildenbruch, Ernst von

  Wille, Bruno, 3.1, 3.2

  William II, Emperor of Germany (Kaiser), 2.1, 2.2, 8.1

  Winckelmann, Johann

  Witkowski, Felix Ernst, see Harden, Maximilian

  Wood, Grant

  World League for Sexual Reform, 6.1, 6.2

  World War I, influence on homosexual identity

  Worsley, T. C.

  youth movement, see Lebensreform Bewegung

  Zastrow, Carl von, 1.1, 2.1

  Zionism, see also Herzl, Theodor

  Zukunft, Die, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

  Zweig, Stefan

  A NOTE ABOUT THE AUTHOR

  Robert Beachy was trained as a German historian at the University of Chicago, where he received his PhD in 1998. He is presently associate professor of history at Underwood International College of Yonsei University in Seoul, South Korea.

  Portrait of Hirschfeld in France from 1934

  Adolf Brand

  Both photos: Schwules Museum, Berlin

  Picture postcard of Mikado (Puttkamerstr. 15), which was opened from 1908 until 1933

  Schwules Museum, Berlin

  Photo portrait of Hermann Freiherr von Teschenberg (1860–1911), active member of the Scientific Humanitarian Committee who published the first German translations of several of Oscar Wilde’s plays

  Magnus Hirschfeld, Geschlechtskunde, 5 vols. (1926–1930), 5: 642

  Picture postcard of Zauberflöte (Kommandantenstr. 72), which was a popular café and dancing venue for homosexuals and lesbians before the First World War

  Schwules Museum, Berlin

  Picture postcard of Dresdener Casino (Dresdener Str. 96), a popular venue for transverstite balls in the prewar period

  Schwules Museum, Berlin

  Graf Kuno von Moltke depicted as Dorian Gray: When Moltke examines his own portrait, he is mortified to discover a youthful Maximilian Harden, his nemesis. Oscar Wilde’s novel had been published in German translation only in 1902.

  Lustige Blätter (Berlin), 22, 28 (9 July 1907): 1

  “Greetings from the Scientific Humanitarian Committee.” Hirschfeld in a tutu, with his signed greeting: “Long live Science! Always Your Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld.”

  Simplicissimus (Munich) 13, 1 (6 April 1908): 5

  A typical Berlin Pissoir (now used by a fast-food vendor), located under U-Bahn Line number one

  Photo by author

  “Transvestite Pass” allowing Berthe Buttgereit to appear in public wearing men’s clothing, issued May 3, 1918

  Landesarchiv Berlin, A Rep. 341-04 Nr 1087

  Film still from Anders als die Andern (Different from the Others) showing the protagonist confronting his would-be blackmailer

  Magnus Hirschfeld, Geschlechtskunde, 5 vols. (1926–1930), 5: 644

  View of the main villa of the Institute for Sexual Science

  Schwules Museum, Berlin

  The museum in the Institute for Sexual Science

  Voila 3, 145 (30 December 1933): 11

  Karl Giese (Magnus Hirschfeld’s lover) giving visitors to the Institute for Sexual Science a tour of the museum

  Schwules Museum, Berlin

  Hirschfeld sitting with two transvestites outside the villa of the Institute for Sexual Science

  Voila 3, 119 (1 July 1933): 6

  Newsstand at Potsdamerplatz, displaying prominently the gay newspapers (center of photo) Die Insel, Die Freundschaft, Freundschaftsblatt, and Eros (1926)

  Landesarchiv Berlin, A Pr. Br. Rep. 030, No. 16935-1

  Newsstand at Friedrichstraße Train Station with the gay newspaper Die Freundschaft and the lesbian journal Frauen Liebe displayed openly for sale (1926)

  Landesarchiv Berlin, A. Pr. Br. Rep. 030, No. 16935-2

  Bookshop of the Friedrich-Radszuweit Verlag. From Die Insel, October 1927, first page after p. 28. Published by Friedrich Radszuweit.

  “Preisfrage / Homo- oder Heterosexuell” (Contest / Homosexual or Heterosexual)

  Free magazine subscriptions for correctly identifying the sexual orientation of the men and women depicted in the photos. From Die Insel, September 1926, first page after p. 16. Published by Friedrich Radszuweit.

  Cover illustration of Frauen Liebe und Leben (Women’s Love and Life), 3, 1928. Published by Freiderich Radszuweit.

  All photos: German National Library, Leipzig

  Cover of Die Insel, December 1930, advertising serialized installment of Männer zu verkaufen (Men for Sale). Published by Friedrich Radszuweit.

  Cover of Garçonne—Junggesellin (Flapper—Bachelorette), no. 4, December 1, 1930. Published by Friedrich Radszuweit.

  Advertisements in Die Freund-schaft, including a medical doctor specializing in “sexual disturbances,” the Pinkerton Private Detective Agency (offering to investigate blackmail threats), and a gay- and lesbian-friendly tobacconist

  All photos: German National Library, Leipzig

  Hansi Sturm, winner of the Miss Eldorado transvestite pageant in 1926

  Schwules Museum, Berlin

  Advertisement for Eldorado in the mainstream cultural journal Queerschnitt: “What you won’t see elsewhere / International clientele / The interesting locale”

  Queerschnitt, March 1932

  Photo of transvestites in Eldorado, from the early 1930s

  Voila 3, 119 (1 July 1933): 6

  Berlin gay bar Marienkasino with transvestite prostitutes

  Magnus Hirschfeld, Geschlechtskunde, 5 vols. (1926–1930), 5: 590

  Picture postcard of the gay club Silhouette, which was popular in the late 1920s and early 1930s

  Schwules Museum, Berlin

  W. H. Auden, Stephen Spender, and Christopher Isherwood, on vacation at the North Sea on the Island of Rügen, summer 1931

  Huntington Library, CI, Box 92, 3113, p. 34

  Christopher Isherwood posing with his boyfriend “Otto” (name unknown but the inspiration for Otto Nowak in Goodbye to Berlin) in the Tiergarten (Berlin), autumn 1931

  Huntington Library, CI (Christopher Isherwood), Box 92, 3113, p. 6

  Christopher Isherwood’s boyfriend “Otto” sunbathing on the Island of Rügen, summer 1931

  Huntington Library, CI, Box 92, 3115, p. 39

  Christopher Isherwood’s working-class “friends,” who were likel
y habitués of the Cosy Corner and occasional prostitutes

  Huntington Library, CI, Box 92, 3113, p. 27

  Police mugshots of Berlin prostitute Johann Scheff, arrested July 1932

  Landesarchiv Berlin, A Rep. 358-05 Nr 56643

  Nazi officials sort “un-German” and “perverted” materials in the debris of the Institute for Sexual Science, ransacked on May 6, 1933, for the book burning four days later on May 10 (undated photo, May 6–10, 1933).

  Bildagentur für Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte (Berlin)

  Hirschfeld and Giese together in France

  Schwules Museum, Berlin

  Hirschfeld in exile in France sometime after spring 1933

  Voila 3, 145 (30 December 1933): 11