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Index
A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.
Absinthe, 75–77, 96, 99
Acetaldehyde, 103
Acinetobacter, 151
Adolphs, Ralph, 146
Adrià, Ferran, 220, 233
Afar depression, 44–45
Africa, 61, 67, 72, 78, 80, 88, 117, 132, 178
human evolution in, 35–37, 44–45
migration of early humans from, 33, 49, 63–65
slaves imported from, 115, 116, 169
Agriculture, 90, 157, 181
origins of, 78
sustainable, 228
Ahn, Yong-Yeol, 230, 231, 233
Alabama, University of, 41
Alchemy, 115
biological, 178
Alcmaeon, 7, 9
Alcohol/Alcoholic beverages, 76–83, 89, 98, 131, 191, 218. See also Beer; Distillation; Fermentation; Wine
Alkaloids, 47, 164–65, 176, 193
Allen, Woody, 20
Allman, John, 43
Alphenics, 114
Altiplano (Bolivia), 72
American Association for the Advancement of Science, 55
American Civil Liberties Union, 198
American Indians. See Native Americans
Amino acids, 40, 96, 210, 215, 235
in human genome, 9, 60
Amygdala, 145
Anandamide, 126, 165
Anatolia, 88
Apes, 29, 31, 41, 42, 66, 72, 143, 147
evolution of humans from, 34, 35
See also Chimpanzees
Appert, Nicolas, 156–58
Aquinas, Thomas, 113–14
Arabian Peninsula, 65
Arabs, 76, 112, 114
Arajo, Ivan de, 129
Argentina, 135, 141
Arkansas, soda tax in, 108
Arnold, Dave, 239–41
Aromas. See Smell, sense of
Arthasastra (Kautilya), 111
>
Arthrobacter, 226–27
Art of Preserving All Kinds of Animal and Vegetable Substances for Several Years, The (Appert), 157
Asia, 64, 65, 72, 78, 88, 163, 173
cuisines of, 96, 97, 174, 234
See also specific countries
Aspartame, 108, 130–31
Aspergillus species, 85, 89–90, 222, 223
Atelier Vie, 76, 77
Auckland, University of, 194–95
Aurochs, 86, 87
Australia, 109, 162, 191, 244
Australopithecines, 35–37
Austria, 156
Aymara people, 72, 183
Ayurveda, 8
Aztecs, 50, 176
Bab el-Mandeb Strait, 63–64, 72
Bacteria, 19, 49, 70, 143, 218, 222
in fermentation process, 78, 87–88, 224–29
See also specific species
Badiano, Juan, 176
Badiano Codex (Cruz and Badiano), 176, 177
Baghdad, 112–13
Bahamas, 167, 168
Barale, Roberto, 69–70
Barbados, 115–16
Barro Colorado Island, 81
Bartoshuk, Linda, 3, 68–69
Bavaria, 84
Baylor University, 204
BBC, 144
Beagle (ship), 135–37, 157
Beer, 78, 84, 89, 98, 109, 192
bitterness of, 44, 50, 58, 66
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 130
Behavioral immune system, 145, 154
Behaviorism, 120–21
Belgium, 232
Benedictine order, 113
Berger, Lee, 35
Berger, Matthew, 35
Berridge, Kent, 122–28, 196, 262–63n
Bhallika, 111
Bible, 50, 153, 197
Birds, 18, 29, 31, 165
Bitterness, 2–3, 11–12, 28, 44, 47–73, 117, 132, 163, 228, 234, 241
adaptation to, 72–73, 182–83
of alcoholic beverages, 50, 58, 75, 77, 85, 98–99
aversion to, 49, 139, 148, 207
combined with other flavors, 50–53, 196
of plants, 37, 164
in prehistoric human diet, 37, 39
receptors for, 60–61, 70–71, 95, 98, 131, 196, 207–8
variations in sensitivity to, 34, 47–49, 53–59, 61–63, 65–69
virtual, 213
Bizarre Foods (TV show), 151
Blood sugar, 72, 181–82
Bloomberg, Michael, 108
Blumenthal, Heston, 220, 232
Bolivia, 72, 163, 165, 183
Bollongino, Ruth, 86
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 118, 156, 157
Bonobos, 39–40
Bordeaux, University of, 204
Boring, Edwin Garrigues, 1–5, 200
Borneo, 142
Bourdain, Anthony, 151
Brain stem, 42
Brassica, 47, 72
Brazil, 141
Brickley, Zoe, 227–28
Brillat-Savarin, Anthelme, 90–91
Brin, Sergey, 209
Britain, 66, 189–191, 209. See also England
British Empire, 115, 137, 142, 154
navy of, 157
Broccoli, 47–48, 58, 61, 72, 164
Buddhism, 110–12, 128
Burke, Seamus, 190
Burma, 169
Burns, Daniel, 216–17
Bush, Barbara, 48
Bush, George H. W., 47, 72
Bush, George W., 48
Butabushi, 216–17, 222–23
Butyric acid, 93
Cacao beans, 50
Caffeine, 51, 72, 164
Calabria, 70–71
Calagione, Sam, 84–85
California, University of
Berkeley, 181
Los Angeles (UCLA), 144
California Institute of Technology, 43
Cambrian explosion, 20, 24, 34, 119
Cambrian Period, 19–20
Cambridge University, 29, 127
Cameroon, 67
Campbell, Michael, 68
Campbell’s foods, 202
Canada, 56–58, 243, 238
Canary Islands, 114, 115
Cancer, 69, 90, 106, 131–32, 207
Cannibalism, 136, 151
Canning, 137, 157
of meat, 137–38, 153, 156
Cantu, Homaro, 105–6, 108–9, 132
Capsaicin, 161, 164–65, 173, 183–84
measurement of concentrations of. See Scoville units
numbing effects of, 175–78
receptors for, 179–82
Capsicum species, 165, 171, 174
Caribbean, 72
Caseins, 88
Cattle, 89, 106, 115, 192, 225, 227
beef, 150, 209–10
domestication of, 86–87
environmental impact of, 243
Caucasus, 33
Chang, David, 215–17
Chapman, Hanah, 148
Chateau Jiahu, 85, 89
Cheese, 13, 102–3, 105, 109, 189, 215, 241
acids in, 105, 234
industrially produced, 191–92
potato chips flavored with, 189–90
process of making, 78, 79, 86–89, 96, 98, 218–19, 224–31
Chemotherapy, 106
Chicago, restaurants in, 105, 106, 108–9
Chicago World’s Fair (1933), 56
Child, Julia, 47, 182, 221
Children, 3–5, 32, 87, 144, 189
disgust responses in, 140, 142, 149–50
sensitivity to bitterness of, 44
wild, 154–55
Chile, 142
Chili peppers, 44, 68, 161–87, 193, 244
cultivation of, 161–62, 171–72
defense system of, 164–66
international popularity of, 169–70
heat measurement of. See Scoville units
heat receptors and, 98, 179–81
physiological effects of eating, 163, 173–87
starch grains of, 166–67
Chimpanzees, 30, 37–40, 43, 62–63, 184
China, 27, 66, 77, 82–85, 113, 117, 150, 169, 176
Chlorogenic acid lactones, 51
Chocolate, 13, 20, 96, 199, 209
alkaloids in, 164–65
pairing other foods with, 232–34, 239
sweetened, 117
Chromosomes, 9, 58, 61
Chrysophyllum lucentifolium, 29–30
Clark, Liz, 52–53
Clay, Trish, 14, 58–59
Clement II, Pope, 130
Climate change, 243, 244
Cocaine, 125, 164, 176
Cochlea, 49
Cocktails, 239–41
Coffee, 4, 13, 44, 50–53
bitterness of, 44, 68
roasting of, 40, 50–52
Collings, Virginia, 4
Columbia University, 60–61, 196, 205, 240
Columbus, Christopher, 114, 168–69
Congo, 169
Contamination, 149, 152–54
Corn Products Refining Company, 118
Cornell University, 1
Corn syrup, 107–8, 118, 130
Cortés, Hernán, 50
Cows. See Cattle
Cruciferous vegetables. See Broccoli
Crum, George, 194
Cruz, Martín de la, 176
Cuba, 168
Currie, Ed, 162–63, 171–72, 174, 180–82, 185, 187
Curtis, Valerie, 143–45
Damasio, Antonio, 146
Darwin
, Charles, 43, 135–42, 149, 153–54, 156, 157, 159, 200
Dasa, Purandara, 169
Decomposition, 21, 78–79, 151. See also Fermentation
Deliciousness, 39, 71, 91, 194, 220–21, 229–30, 241
aromas’ role in, 209
brain responses and, 203–4
engineering of, 229–34
negation of. See Disgust
sweetness associated with, 107, 110 (see also Sugar: pleasure response to)
See also Umami
Democritus, 8, 9
Denaturing, 40
Derby, Earl of, 114
Descent of Man, The (Darwin), 43
De Wit, Marcel, 162
Diabetes, 69, 107–8, 130, 182
Dillin, Andrew, 181
Dinosaurs, 24–25, 27, 28, 164
Dionne quintuplets, 56–58
Disgust, 11, 22, 31, 126, 135–59, 184, 231, 244
brain structures involved in, 145–48
cultural differences in, 135–38, 143–45, 150–56, 159
facial expressions of, 138–43, 145, 147–48
Distillation, 76–77, 89, 98, 117, 217–18
DNA, 9, 21, 22, 54, 90, 222
of cattle, 86
taste receptor, 9–11, 48, 60–63, 67, 69, 207
of yeast, 80, 84
Dogfish Head Craft Brewery, 84–85
Dominican Republic, 80
Don Quixote (Cervantes), 7
Dopamine, 123–29, 185
Draeger’s supermarket, 205
Drives, 6, 119, 120, 199, 214
Dudley, Robert, 81
Duffy, Jim, 170–71
Dunbar, Robin, 43–44
DuPont chemical company, 53
Durand, Peter, 157
Dutton, Rachel, 222, 224–27
Ecuador, 167
Edinburgh, University of, 100
Edward I, King of England, 114
Edzepi, René, 243
Egypt, ancient, 84
Ekman, Paul, 140–42, 153
El Sidrón (Spain), 63
Emotions, 11–12, 94–96, 121–24, 145, 164, 186, 206
negative. See Disgust
Encephalitis, 145, 198
Endorphins, 125–26
England, 113–14, 117–18, 162, 220, 232. See also Britain
Enlightenment, 7
Ethiopia, 36
Eugeissona tristis, 80
Eugenics, 56, 141
Euphorbia, 178
Euphorbus, 178
Europe, 64, 65, 78, 86
Evans, Josh, 244
Evolution, 15, 17–45, 80, 119, 135
of biological defense systems in plants, 49, 165
human. See Human evolution
of jawless fish, 21–23
prey-predator revolution in, 17–21