by Ron Chernow
37. Ibid.
38. PWCF,1:2. Letter to Richard Varick, January 1, 1784.
39. Brady, Martha Washington, 143.
40. Flexner, George Washington, 2:519.
41. Ibid.
42. Nelson, Thomas Paine, 174.
43. Ibid., 175.
CHAPTER THIRTY-SEVEN: CINCINNATUS
1. Schiff, Great Improvisation, 317.
2. WWR,543-44. “Farewell Address to the Armies of the United States,” November 2, 1783.
3. Ibid., 543.
4. Brady, Martha Washington, 151.
5. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 34.
6. Weintraub, General Washington’s Christmas Farewell, 22.
7. Flexner, George Washington, 2:478.
8. Freeman, George Washington, 5:462-63.
9. Weintraub, General Washington’s Christmas Farewell, 69.
10. WWF,27:254. Letter to Sir Guy Carleton, December 2, 1783.
11. Ibid., 27:111. Letter to Samuel Fraunces, August 18, 1783.
12. Weintraub, General Washington’s Christmas Farewell, 85.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Flexner, George Washington, 2:524.
16. Weintraub, General Washington’s Christmas Farewell, 86.
17. PWCF, 1:195.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid., 1:196.
20. Ibid.
21. Weintraub, General Washington’s Christmas Farewell, 131.
22. Ibid., 130.
23. Ibid., 107.
24. Ibid., 138.
25. WWF, 27:285.
26. Ibid., 27:286.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid., 27:283. Letter to Baron von Steuben, December 23, 1783.
29. Flexner, George Washington, 2:526.
30. WWR,547. “Address to Congress on Resigning Commission,” December 23, 1783.
31. Flexner, George Washington, 2:526.
32. WWR,548. “Address to Congress on Resigning Commission,” December 23, 1783.
33. MTV. “Early Descriptions Ante 1800.” Letter from Mary Ridout to Anne Tasker Ogle, June 16, 1784.
34. Wood, Revolutionary Characters, 42.
35. Weintraub, General Washington’s Christmas Farewell, 164.
36. Kaminski, Great and Good Man, 28.
37. Evans, Genius of Gilbert Stuart, 141.
38. Burns and Dunn, George Washington, 27.
CHAPTER THIRTY-EIGHT: AMERICAN CELEBRITY
1. PWCF,1:88. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, February 1, 1784.
2. Ibid., 88.
3. Ibid., 1:138. Letter to Henry Knox, February 20, 1784.
4. Ibid., 1:137-38.
5. WWF, 27:287-88. Letter to Governor George Clinton, December 28, 1783.
6. PWCF,1:87-89. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, February 1, 1784.
7. Ibid., 1:121.
8. Ibid., 1:123. “To the Citizens of Fredericksburg,” ca. February 14, 1784.
9. WWR,552. Letter to Benjamin Harrison, January 18, 1784.
10. Ibid.
11. Brady, Martha Washington, 147.
12. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 155.
13. WWR,578. Letter to Tench Tilghman, June 2, 1785.
14. Thompson, “In the Hands of a Good Providence,” 9.
15. Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 201.
16. PWP, 6:547. Letter to Tobias Lear, October 10, 1790.
17. Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 200.
18. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 141.
19. Thompson, Memorandum for the Martha Washington Anniversary Committee, 11.
20. Weintraub, General Washington’s Christmas, 172.
21. PWCF,3:296. Letter to Armand, October 7, 1785.
22. Ibid., 1:161. Letter to Fielding Lewis, Jr., February 24, 1784.
23. WWR,555. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, February 1, 1784.
24. PWCF, 2:253. Letter to Henry Knox, January 5, 1785.
25.WWF, 27:2. Letter to Lund Washington, June 11, 1783.
26. Diaries,4:255.
27. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 93.
28. PWRT, 3:112. Letter to Mildred Thornton Washington, October 18, 1798.
29. Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 83.
30. Diaries,4:157. Diary entry for June 30, 1785.
31. PWCF,3:275. Letter to Benjamin Franklin, September 26, 1785.
32. Schiff, Great Improvisation, 360.
33. DiariesA,300. Diary entry for March 19, 1786.
34. MTV. “Early Descriptions Ante 1800.” Isaac Weld, Jr., ca. 1796.
35. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 27.
36. Ibid., 28.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid., 31.
41. Ibid.
42. Cunliffe, George Washington, 161.
43. Ibid.
44. Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 86.
45. MTV.“Early Descriptions Ante 1800.”
46. Cadou, George Washington Collection, 240.
47. Hervey, Memory of Washington, 88.
48. PWCF,3:381. Letter to Elizabeth French Dulany, November 23, 1785.
49. Brookhiser, Founding Father, 47.
50. Thompson, “In the Hands of a Good Providence,” 80.
51. PWCF,3:63. Letter to Henry Knox, June 18, 1785.
52. Ibid., 31:71. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, June 22, 1785.
53. DiariesA,280. Diary entry for June 8, 1785.
54. WWR,680. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, May 28, 1788.
55. Ibid., 680-81.
56. Ibid., 681.
57. WWF, 27:238. Letter to Lieutenant Bezaleel Howe, November 9, 1783.
58. PWCF,1:235. Letter to James Craik, March 25, 1784.
59. Ibid., 1:178.
60. Ibid., 2:415. Letter to John Witherspoon, March 8, 1785.
61. Ibid.
62. Ibid., 2:332. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, February 8, 1785.
63. Ibid., 2:253. Letter to Henry Knox, January 5, 1785. 6 4 . Ibid.
65. Grizzard, George!, 154.
66. WWR, 580. Letter to David Humphreys, July 25, 1785.
67. Ibid.
68. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 54.
69. WWR,579-80. Letter to David Humphreys, July 25, 1785.
70. PWCF,3:547. Letter to Benjamin Lincoln, February 6, 1786.
71. Brady, Martha Washington, 151.
CHAPTER THIRTY-NINE: GENTLEMAN FARMER
1. Diaries,4:184. Diary entry for August 18, 1785.
2. WWF, 27: 305. Letter to Clement Biddle, January 17, 1784.
3. DiariesA,275.
4. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 34.
5. Ibid., 52.
6. WWF, 27:298. Letter to Samuel Vaughan, January 14, 1784.
7. Freeman, George Washington, 6:44.
8. Ibid.
9. Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 258.
10. WWF,21:248. Letter to James Duane, February 19, 1781.
11. Weintraub, General Washington’s Christmas Farewell, 115.
12. DiariesA,250. Diary entry for September 12, 1784.
13. PWCF,2:78. Letter to Thomas Freeman, September 23, 1784.
14. Ibid., 2:119. Letter to Jacob Read, November 3,1784.
15. DiariesA,252.
16. Unger, Lafayette, 260.
17. DiariesA,251. Diary entry for September 14, 1784.
18. Ibid., 254.
19. Ibid., 265. Diary entry for October 4, 1784.
20. Ibid.
21. PWCF,6:111. Letter to Alexander Spotswood, February 13, 1788.
22. Jackman, “Young Englishman Reports.”
23. PWCF,3:90. Letter to George William Fairfax, June 30, 1785.
24. DiariesA,xvii.
25. PWP, 1:161. Letter to Arthur Young, December 4, 1788.
26. Ibid.
27. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 171.
CHAPTER FORTY: DEVIL’S BARGAIN
1. Hochschild, Bury the Chai
ns, 156.
2. Ibid.
3. WWR,1110. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, February 5, 1783.
4. Ibid.
5. Unger, Lafayette, 173.
6. Ibid., 174.
7. PWCF, 1:27. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, January 10, 1784.
8. Ibid., 2:72. Letter from La Luzerne, September 12, 1784.
9. Ibid., 2:172. Letter to La Luzerne, December 5, 1784.
10. Ibid., 1:258. Letter to Adrienne, Marquise de Lafayette, April 4, 1784.
11. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 157.
12. PWCF,1:189. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, March 9, 1784.
13. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 159.
14. PWCF,2:64. Letter from William Gordon, August 30, 1784.
15. Unger, Lafayette, 198.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid., 200.
18. PWCF, 2:175. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, December 8, 1784.
19. Ibid., 4:43. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, May 10, 1786.
20. Ibid., 4:44.
21. Higginbotham, George Washington Reconsidered, 122.
22. PWCF, 3:356. Letter from James Madison, November 11, 1785.
23. DiariesA,301.
24. WWR,593. Letter to Robert Morris, April 12, 1786.
25. Ibid., 593-94.
26. Ibid., 594.
27. WWR,607. Letter to John Francis Mercer, September 9, 1786.
28. Ibid., 608.
29. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 316.
30. PWCF,4:465. Letter to John Francis Mercer, December 19, 1786.
31. Ibid., 5:2. Letter to John Francis Mercer, February 1, 1787.
32. Ibid., 5:10. Letter to Henry Lee, Jr., February 4, 1787.
33. WWR,701-2.
34. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 148.
35. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 68.
36. DiariesA, 313.
37. Diaries,4:277. Diary entry for February 17, 1786.
38. PWCF, 2:14. Letter to Clement Biddle, July 28, 1784.
39. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 349.
40. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 148.
41. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 120.
42. PWCF,6:88. Letter to Henry Knox, February 5, 1788.
43. Diaries,5:260. Diary entries for January 3 and 4, 1788.
44. PWCF,6:88. Letter to Henry Knox, February 5, 1788.
45. Diaries,5:273. Diary entry for February 6, 1788.
46. Ibid.
47. Diaries,4:259. Diary entry for January 4, 1786.
CHAPTER FORTY-ONE: THE RUINS OF THE PAST
1. PWCF,6:502. Letter to William Barton, September 7, 1788.
2. Flexner, George Washington, 2:513.
3. Isaacson, Benjamin Franklin, 422.
4. Callahan, Henry Knox, 222.
5. PWCF,1:142-43. Letter from Henry Knox, February 21, 1784.
6. Ibid., 1:190. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, March 9, 1784.
7. Ibid., 1:260. Letter to Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., April 4, 1784.
8. Ibid., 1:288-89. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, April 16, 1784.
9. Ibid., 6:502. Letter to William Barton, September 7, 1788.
10. Ibid., 1:330. “Observations on the Institution of the Society,” ca. May 4, 1784.
11. Wills, Cincinnatus, 144.
12. PWCF,4:378. Letter to Theodorick Bland, November 18, 1786.
13. Ibid., 3:213. Letter to Arthur St. Clair, August 31, 1785.
14. WWF, 24:497. Letter to Elkanah Watson, August 10, 1782.
15. McCammant, George Washington the Mason, 5.
16. PWCF, 2:233. Letter to James Madison, December 28, 1784.
17. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 164.
18. WWR,569. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, December 14, 1784.
19. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 24.
20. Ibid., 25.
21. WWR,571. Letter to Benjamin Harrison, January 22, 1785.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid., 572.
24. PWCF,2:399. Letter to Henry Knox, February 28, 1785.
25. Ibid., 2:163. Letter to Edmund Randolph, July 30, 1785.
26. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 28-29.
27. PWCF,6:491. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, August 31, 1788.
28. PWR,14:140. Letter to George William Fairfax, March 11, 1778.
29. Ibid., 16:235. Letter from George William Fairfax, August 3, 1778.
30. WWR,573-74. Letter to George William Fairfax, February 27, 1785.
31. PWCF,3:78. Letter from George William Fairfax, June 23, 1785.
32. Ibid., 4:127. Letter to George William Fairfax, June 25, 1786.
33. WWR,542. Letter to Lund Washington, September 20, 1783.
34. PWCF,3:374. Letter to Lund Washington, November 20, 1785.
35. WWF,26:29. Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Tench Tilghman, January 10, 1783.
36. WWR,602. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, August 1, 1786.
37. PWCF, 2:60. Letter from Nathanael Greene, August 29, 1784.
38. Ibid., 2:59.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid., 4:283. Letter from Jeremiah Wadsworth, October 1, 1786.
41. Golway, Washington’s General, 314.
CHAPTER FORTY-TWO: A MASTERLY HAND
1. PWCF,1:8. Letter to Solms, January 3, 1784.
2. Ibid.
3. Weintraub, General Washington’s Christmas Farewell, 125.
4. PWCF,2:52. Letter from George William Fairfax, August 23, 1784.
5. Ibid., 2:53.
6. WWR,576. Letter to Francis Hopkinson, May 16, 1785.
7. PWCF, 1:387.
8. Ibid.
9. PWCF,2:177. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, December 10, 1884.
10. Cadou, George Washington Collection, 120.
11. PWCF, 3:112. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, July 10, 1785.
12. Ibid., 3:279. Letter to Jean-Antoine Houdon, September 26, 1785.
13. Cadou, George Washington Collection, 120.
14. Ketchum, Victory at Yorktown, 3.
15. PWCF,3:344. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, November 8, 1785.
16. WWR,601. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, August 1, 1786.
17. Ellis, His Excellency: George Washington, 169.
18. WWR,588. Letter to James McHenry, August 22, 1785.
19. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 222.
20. PWCF,3:423. Letter to David Stuart, November 30, 1785.
21. Ibid., 4:216. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, August 15, 1786.
22. WWR,606. Letter to John Jay, August 15, 1786.
23. Ibid., 621. Letter to James Madison, November 5, 1786.
24. Ibid., 588. Letter to James McHenry, August 22, 1785.
25. Ibid., 606-7. Letter to John Jay, August 15, 1786.
26. Ibid., 601. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, August 1, 1786.
27. PWCF, 4:56. Letter to John Jay, May 18, 1786.
28. Ibid., 4:169. Letter to William Grayson, July 26, 1786.
29. WWR, 4:605. Letter to John Jay, August 15, 1786.
30. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 174.
31. Adams, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, 1:567.
32. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 223.
33. WWR,1114.
34. PWCF,4:295. Letter from Henry Lee, Jr., October 17, 1786.
35. Ibid., 4:297. Letter to David Humphreys, October 22, 1786.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid., 4:300. Letter from Henry Knox, October 23, 1786.
38. Ibid., 4:325. Letter from David Humphreys, November 1,1786.
39. Ibid., 4:332. Letter to James Madison, November 5, 1786.
40. WWR,631. Letter to David Humphreys, December 26, 1786.
41. Callahan, Henry Knox, 242.
CHAPTER FORTY-THREE: A HOUSE ON FIRE
1. WWR,705. “Fragments of a Draft of the First Inaugural Address,” January 1789.
2. PWCF, 4:316. Letter to the Society of the Cincinnati, October 31, 1786.
3. WWR,623.
Letter to James Madison, November 18, 1786.
4. Ibid., 645. Letter to Edmund Randolph, March 28, 1787.
5. Freeman, George Washington, 6:62.
6. DiariesA,313. Diary entry for January 10, 1787.
7. WWR,624. Letter to James Madison, November 18, 1786.
8. PWCF,4:448. Letter from James Madison, December 7, 1786.
9. WWR,624. Letter to James Madison, December 16, 1786.
10. PWCF, 4:474-75. Letter from James Madison, December 24, 1786.
11. WWR,644. Letter to John Jay, March 10, 1787.
12. Higginbotham, George Washington Reconsidered, 276.
13. WWR,633. Letter to David Humphreys, December 26, 1786.
14. PWCF, 4:529. Letter from David Humphreys, January 20, 1787.
15. Stahr, John Jay, 242.
16. WWR,635. Letter to Henry Knox, February 3, 1787.
17. Freeman, Washington, 537.
18. PWCF,5:52. Letter to Henry Knox, February 25, 1787.
19. WWR,642. Letter to Henry Knox, March 8, 1787.
20. PWCF, 5:96. Letter from Henry Knox, March 19, 1787.
21. Ibid., 5:97
22. WWR,645. Letter to Edmund Randolph, March 28, 1787.
23. Ibid.
24. Wood, Revolutionary Characters, 45.
25. PWCF,5:119. Letter to Henry Knox, April 2, 1787.
26. Ibid., 5:36.
27. Ibid.
28. Conkling, Memoirs of Mother and Wife of Washington, 57.
29. PWCF, 5:33. Letter to Mary Ball Washington, February 15, 1787.
30. Ibid., 5:34.
31. Ibid., 5:35.
32. Freeman, Washington, 558.
33. PWCF,5:157. Letter to Henry Knox, April 27, 1787.
34. Ibid., 5:171. Letter to Robert Morris, May 5, 1787.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid., 158.
37. Ibid., 171. Letter to Robert Morris, May 5, 1787.
38. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 265.
39. Kaminski and McCaughan, Great and Good Man, 83.
40. WWR,413. Letter to Sarah Bache, January 15, 1781.
41. Schiff, A Great Improvisation, 359.
42. PWCF, 5:189. Letter to George Augustine Washington, May 17, 1787.
43. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 178.
44. PWCF,5:186.
45. DiariesA,315. Diary entry for May 18, 1787.
46. Ibid., 316. Diary entry for May 23, 1787.
47. Maxey, Portrait of Elizabeth Willing Powel, 26.
48. Ibid., 21.
49. WWR,224. Letter to John Augustine Washington, May 31, 1776.
50. DiariesA,315.
51. Isaacson, Benjamin Franklin, 446.
52. DiariesA,317.
53. WWR, 708. “Fragments of a Draft of the First Inaugural Address,” ca. January 1789.
54. Burns and Dunn, George Washington, 37.