Travillion, Mr. (funeral director), 182
Tricentennial Celebration, French settlement in Mississippi, 203
Trotter, Mrs. Bernice, 26
Trotter, Decatur, 26
Trotter, Jenny Brown, 10
Trotter, Jeremiah, 10
Trudeau, Dr. Eugene, 70
Truman, President Harry, 29
Tulane University, 122
Tureaud, A. P., 126
Turner, Cornelius, 134
TurnKey housing project, 108, 173
Twelfth Street Station (Chicago, Ill.), 19
Twenty-fourth Amendment, 123
Twilight Café, 74
Tyler, Ruby, 86, 118
UBA (United Benevolence Association), 45, 47, 83, 85, 86, 119, 162
Un-American Activities Committee, 16
United (insurance company), 42–43, 45
United Press International, 79
Universal (insurance company), 45
urban renewal, in Biloxi, Miss., 199
U.S. Civil Rights Commission. See civil rights
U.S. Constitution, 15, 58, 96, 123, 126
U.S. Department of State, African Bureau, 198
U.S. Marshals school, desegregation of, 157
U.S. Public Health Service, Seaman’s Program contract, 201
U.S. Senate hearings, disaster relief for Biloxi, Miss., 180–81
U.S. Supreme Court, 86, 131, 139. See also Mississippi Supreme Court
USO, 37
Van Landingham, Zack, 58, 63, 86, 99, 100, 104, 105, 107
Vanderbilt University, 25
Vaughan, Sara, 23
Vereen, Mrs. Betty Pat, xvi
Veterans’ Hospital (Biloxi, Miss.), 70, 151–52
Veterans’ Hospital (Gulfport, Miss.), 52
Vicksburg, battle of, 12
Vieu Marche (Biloxi, Miss.), 199
Vital Statistics, State Bureau of, 99–100
Voter registration drives, 56, 115–20, 162–64
voting registration, problems, 37. See also literacy tests; poll tax
Voting Rights Act (of 1965), 1, 123, 164, 168, 194
wade-ins: Biloxi, ix
nine-person 1959, 1, 49–53, 55–57, 135, 170, 188
two 1960, 61, 62, 65, 67–70, 81–82, 86, 124
final 1963, 131, 134–37, 152
Walker, Dr. Kirby, 100, 186
Walker, Knox, 54, 59–61, 66, 76, 81, 100–01, 104, 156
Walker, Robert, 198
Wallace, Eugene “Uncle Buddy,” 12
Wallace, Governor George, 130, 194–95
Waller, Governor Bill, 194–96
Ware, Dr. John, 62
Washington Addition (Jackson, Miss.), 12–14
Washington, Booker T., 27
Washington, George, 184
Washington University, 32
Washington, Dr. Walter, 13
“We Shall Over Come” anthem, 113, 134
welfare rights, denial to poor whites, 189–90
Wells, Houston, 134
Wesley, Mabel, 13
Wesley, Dr. Velma, 36
Westmoreland, Mrs. (lab technician), 43
White Citizens’ Council. See Citizens’ Council
White, Eulice, 56–58, 63
white flight, from public schools, 187
White, James A., 14–16, 117
White House, 29, 157, 201
White House Conferences: 1964 Head Start, 169–70
1970 school desegregation, 184–86
1977 Panama Treaties, 187–88
1978 and 1980 President Carter’s concerns, 188
White Sox (Chicago, Ill.), 22
Whitfield, Judge John, 198, 206
Whitman, J. J., 98–99
Whitman, Walt, 22, 25, 26
Wiggin, Willie, 80
Wilkins, Roy, x, 71, 79, 84, 86, 102, 132, 134, 137, 162, 176
Williams, Cootie, 23
Williams, Governor John Bell, 181, 192, 196
Williams, Sanford, 70
Williams, Walter, 66, 72
Winter, Governor William F., xv, 196, 197, 198, 203
wiretaps, of civil rights activists, 90–91
Woodard and Lothrop Department Store (Washington, D.C.), 28
Woodson, Carter G., 23
Woodward, Professor J. Y., 14
World War II, 13
Wright, Mrs. Lorea Barnes, 80
Xavier University, 44
Yacht Club: Biloxi, Miss., 40
Pass Christian, Miss., 41
Yette, Samuel, xvi, 170, 184
Yorktown, battle of, 184
Young, State Representative Charles, 191, 195
Young, Jack, 134, 153, 186
Youth Department Board (Mississippi), 195
Zar, Melvin, 156
All photographs courtesy of Dr. Gilbert R. Mason. unless otherwise noted.
Calvin Augustus Jackson I, maternal great-grand-father
Calvin Augustus Jackson II, maternal grandfather of Dr. Mason, holding Gilbert Jr., ca 1955
Mary Williams Jackson Evans, “Sis,” maternal grandmother of Dr. Mason, holding Gilbert Jr., ca 1955. Sis owned a farm near Bolton where Dr. Mason spent many happy days as a boy.
Effie Trotter Mason, “Little Mama,” paternal grandmother of Dr. Mason, ca 1940. Dr. Mason spent summers with Little Mama in Chicago to work and earn extra money during his college years at Tennessee State.
Walter Harrison Mason, paternal grandfather of Dr. Mason, ca 1930. Walter was a barber and a Baptist minister.
Dr. Mason’s parents, Willie Atwood and Alean Jackson Mason with Gilbert Jr., 1955
Gilbert R. Mason with Natalie Hamlar in Washington, D.C., just before their wedding in 1950 and just before Mason began study at Howard University School of Medicine
The 25 April 1960 headline on the bloody wade-in. Reprinted by permission of The Sun Herald.
Dr. Felix Dunn (left) with journalist Alex Poinsett of Jet magazine in a Biloxi service station at the corner of Division and Nixon Streets after the 24 April 1960 wade-in
A letter from Medgar W. Evers to Dr. Mason, 18 October 1960, showing Evers’s willingness to “risk even life itself” in the wake of the 1960 wade-in and Biloxi school desegregation initiative
Evers, NAACP field secretary for Mississippi, in a Biloxi service station at the corner of Division and Nixon Streets after the 1960 wade-in and riot
A letter from Evers to Robert L. Carter, 11 October 1960, regarding the start of school desegregation legal maneuvering in Biloxi, enclosed in Evers’s letter to Dr. Mason
Reporter James Hicks of The Amsterdam News (New york) standing outside Dr. Mason’s apartment in Biloxi after the 1960 wade-in
Blood-stained victims, Mr. Ellis Brown (left) and Mr. Dorothy Galloway (right), outside Dr. Mason’s Biloxi office after the 1960 wade-in. Beaten with chains and pipes, Brown received a wound above his left ear, and Galloway suffered fractured knee caps In the violence that day. Photograph courtesy of Mr. Leo Russell.
Dr. Mason (middle row, second from the left) with Gulf Coast Boy Scouts at Philmont Scout Ranch in Cimarron. New Mexico, 1962
The headline from the 24 June 1963 wade-in. Reprinted with permission by The Sun Herald.
Massive traffic jam on U.S. 90 in Biloxi during the 1963 wade-in. The van In the background was used for arrests. Photo courtesy of Mr. Leo Russell.
Helmeted police officers escort the first in a line of seventy-one arrested demonstrators off Biloxi beach, following the 1963 wade-in. Photo courtesy of Mr. Leo Russell.
The white crowd overturns the car of a black protester at the 1963 wade-in. Photo courtesy of Mr. Leo Russell.
The crowded beach scene at the 1963 wade-in. Photo courtesy of Mr, Leo Russell.
A police officer extinguishes a fire in Dr. Mason’s 1959 Buick during the 1963 wade-in. Photo courtesy of Mr, Leo Russell.
The painted moving van used to remove the demonstrators from Biloxi beach In the 1963 wade-in. Dr. Mason vigorously protested crowded conditions
in the hot unventilated van when the protesters arrived at the police station. Photo courtesy of Mr. Leo Russell
Dr. Mason pushes open the van doors to allow the protesters to disembark. The black flags were carried as a memorial to Medgar Evers who had helped plan the demonstration and who had been assassinated the previous week. Photo courtesy of Mr. Leo Russell.
Protesters are unloaded from the van at the Biloxi police station in the aftermath of the 1963 wade-in. Mr. Charlie Avery (tar left) and Reverends Roger Gallagher and John Aregood of the Back Bay Mission are in the center foreground.
Dr. Mason (left) with Roy Wilkins, executive secretary of the national NAACP at the COFO voter registration rally at New Bethel Baptist Church in Biloxi during the summer of 1964
Dr, Mason on the south lawn of the White House in November 1964 at the end of an invitational White House Conference, llstening to President Johnson’s commitment to the Head Start initiative, Charles Evers stands on the front row with his toot on the stage to Johnson’s left, Dr, Mason and Dr, Felix Dunn stand in the third row directly behind Evers, Aaron Henry stands in the back row, fourth from the left.
Dr. Mason and President Nixon at the White House in 1970 after Mason’s appointment to the Mississippi Advisory Committee to the Cabinet Committee on Education
A meeting of the State Advisory Committee officers with the Cabinet Committee on education In Atlanta In 1970. Seated left to right, Dr. Kirby Walker, U.S. Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Eliot Richardson; Dr. Mason; Warren Hood; Postmaster-General Red Blount; unidentified; unidentified; and U.S. Secretary of Labor George Schultz.
The legendary Mw. Fannie Lou Hamer gives her support to Mr. Charles young, a fellow member of the Mississippi delegation, during a long session of the 1972 Democratic National Convention In Miami, Florida.
Dr. Mason and President Carter in 1978, during one of four White Home Conferences Mason attended
The Mason siblings Willie Louis Mason, Rozelia Mason Stamps and Dr. Mason at a family gathering in Jackson, Mississippi, ca 1981
Beaches, Blood, and Ballots Page 33