by Ian Kershaw
Bodenschatz, General Karl Heinrich 376, 396
Boehm, Admiral-General 207
Boeselager, Lieutenant-Colonel Georg Freiherr von 661
Bohemia 46, 164, 165, 166, 172, 479; Kings of 171
Bohle, Gauleiter Ernst Wilhelm 15, 376
Boldt, Gerhard 825
Bolshevism 18, 20, 38, 82, 159, 160, 205, 310, 378, 416, 433, 479, 525, 609, 615, 703, 818, 819, 832, 835, 840, 841; anti-Bolshevism tactic 25; and ‘Barbarossa’ 387, 388, 389; and the Catholic bishops xxxix; and Czechoslovakia’s strategic position 97; fear of xlv; Heé’s mission 379; H’s crusade against 335, 384, 406, 505, 555–6, 636–7; and H’s foreign policy 12; and H’s ‘world-view’ 21; and Italy 25; and Jews 17, 19, 39, 42, 127, 153, 325, 339, 343, 350, 353, 354, 359, 382, 399, 431, 461, 463, 465, 466, 620, 740, 749, 752, 781, 792; and a showdown with the Soviet Union 305; and the Spanish Civil War 14–15; Stalin and 285, 292
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich 663, 667
Bonn 760
Bonnet, Georges 206
Bor-Komorowski, General Tadeusz 724–5
Border Police School, Pretzsch 382
Börgermoor internment camp, Emsland 55
Boris, King of Bulgaria 366, 581
Bormann, Albert 32
Bormann, Gerda 789
Bormann, Martin 32, 144, 202, 227, 231, 236, 245, 259, 315, 350, 372, 375, 378, 396, 405, 406, 421, 424, 425, 428–9, 506, 508, 522, 568, 569, 616, 698, 707, 709–12, 738, 741, 776, 789, 798, 800, 801, 816, 819, 825, 827, 829, 832; and the assassination attempt 706; begs Speer to persuade H to leave the bunker 806; in the Committee of Three 568, 570; forces Göring to resign 807–8; H relies on concerning domestic matters 571; and H’s cremation 829, 830; names Fromm 689; Party Minister 823, 830; political and organizational matters 714; position strengthens 715–16; the Prussian Finance Ministry 575; remains wholly loyal 774; restructures the Party 790; and the Schirach incident 590; ‘Secretary of the Führer’ 572, 715; sets up quasi-guerrilla organizations 790–91; signs the Political Testament 823; suicide 833–4
Borneo 326
Bornewasser, Bishop Franz Rudolf 427
Bosch, Hieronymus 85
Bottrop 761
Bouhler, Philipp 253, 258, 259, 260, 429, 571
Brabant 518
Brack, Viktor 258–61
Brahms, Johannes 513
Brandenburg asylum 261
Brandt, Frau 651
Brandt, Lieutenant-Colonel Heinz 661, 662, 674
Brandt, Karl (H’s doctor) 137, 235, 253, 256, 259, 260, 294, 429, 727
Brandt, SS-Sturmbannführer Rudolf 484
Bratislava 169, 791
Brauchitsch, Walther von 58, 72, 75, 76, 78, 94, 97, 101–4, 146–7, 178, 209, 215, 216, 217, 225, 246, 247–8, 266, 268, 269–70, 277, 278, 290, 296, 298, 303, 306, 335, 344, 345, 346, 355, 384, 396, 407, 411–14, 417, 418, 434, 441, 450–53,454, 536
Braun, Eva 199, 512, 564, 634, 639, 797, 807, 816; cremation 829–31; in the Führer Bunker 776, 798, 801, 804, 821, 827; H’s treatment of 34; marries H 820–21; her room in the ‘Führer Apartment’ 32, 34; suicide 828; suicide attempts 35
Braun, Gretl 199
Braun, Wernher von 622
Braunau am Inn 79
Bräutigam, Otto 478
Bredow, Major-General Ferdinand von xxxvi
Breitenbuch, Rittmeister Eberhard von 670
Bremen 535
Brenner border 76
Brenner Pass 291, 327, 382
Breslau 762, 779, 823; Festival of German Singers (1937) 37–8; Jews deported from 485; under siege 759
Brest 504, 719, 720
Brest-Litowsk 395, 398
Britain 752; accepts the need for war 174; the Blitz 309, 310; Churchill evokes resilience and idealism 286; and Czechoslovakia 95–6, 97, 118, 173; declares war on Germany 223; economic blockade of 284; economy 402–3; ‘encirclement policy’ 178; the ‘eternal trouble-causer in Europe’ 783; Foreign Office 25, 203; Goebbels favours the devastation of English ‘cultural centres’ 510; Göring wants an agreement 50, 67, 771–2; Guarantee to Poland 155, 175, 178, 179, 190, 212, 216, 218, 237, 586; H obsessed with ‘beating England’ 278; H prepares for conflict with 169, 192–3; H warns against underestimating 43; hatred for 275, 300; Heé’s flight to Scotland 369; Home Guard 370; H’s high esteem of British resilience and fighting-power 264; H’s ‘Offer’ regarding Poland (August 1939) 213, 216, 217; H’s ‘peace offer’ 300, 301, 306, 379; H’s ‘peace plan’ 3–4; H’s plans for dealing with 292–3; intelligence 585, 586; intervention in Greece 366; invasion seen as a last choice 301–2; and Iraq 381; Jewish influence 489; Jewish refugees 145, 146; military alliance with Poland 215; mutual assistance agreement with Russia (1941) 457; Naval Pact with the Reich (1935) xxxviii, 23, 189, 190; oil supplies 530, 537; the race for Norway 287–8; rearmament 25, 157; Ribbentrop’s hatred of 44, 90, 159, 160; Secret Service 271, 274, 373, 377, 380; and the Soviet-German non-aggression pact 206, 212, 213; ultimatum to Germany 223, 230; War Office 295; weakness of xxxvi, 43, 44, 48
British Broadcasting Company (later Corporation) (BBC) 373, 600, 816
British Empire 25, 48, 49, 95, 168, 190, 213, 216, 293–4, 295, 298, 302, 304, 377, 401, 405, 456, 504
British Expeditionary Force 295, 297, 367
British Guarantee to Poland 155
British Union of Fascists 302 ‘Britons, The’ (antisemitic organization) 320
Brittany 718, 720
Brjansk and Viaz’ma double battle 433 broadcasting: the Berlin Olympics 8; the ‘people’s radio’ (Volksempfänger) xl
Bromberg (Bydgoszcz), West Prussia 242, 763
Brooks, Collin 211
Bruckmann, Frau Elsa 33
Bruckmann, Hugo 33
Bruckner, Anton 513
Brückner, SA-Gruppenführer Wilhelm 31, 186, 218, 235
Brûly-de-Pesche 297
Brussels 722
Buchanan Castle, near Loch Lomond 371
Bucharest 328, 723
Buchenwald concentration camp 141, 768
Bückeberg, Hanover 38
Budapest 627, 734, 735, 736, 757; Citadel 734–5, 736, 738; Jews 624, 736; Soviet troops enter 758
Bug river 238, 244, 630
Bühler, Josef 493
Bukovina 332, 351, 384
Bulgaria 361, 603, 617, 719, 723–4, 734
Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM; German Girls’ League) 81–2, 142
Bürckel, Gauleiter Josef 81, 315, 323
Burckhardt, Carl 201, 202, 203, 250
Burgdorf, General Wilhelm 733, 788, 797, 798, 803, 823, 825, 827, 830
Burgsinn, Lower Franconia 142–3
Burgundy 267
Burma 326
Busch, Field-Marshal Ernst 103, 464, 646, 647, 649, 667, 670
business community, Groraumwirtschaft concept xliv
Bussche, Captain Axel Freiherr von dem 669
Busse, General Theodor 788, 793, 802, 809, 813, 814
Cádiz 16
Cadogan, Sir Alexander 203, 211, 379–80
Cameroon 434
Canada, attempted landing of troops in Dieppe 436
Canadian 1st Army 760
Canaris, Admiral Wilhelm 90, 109, 207, 225, 231, 262, 268, 270, 667, 690
Canary isles 327, 328
Carinhall 68, 799
Carlyle, Thomas 783, 791
Carpathians 169, 626, 756
Casablanca (Roosevelt-Churchill meeting, January 1943) 577, 755
‘Case Green’ 88, 101, 106, 109 ‘Case Otto’ 76
‘Case White’ (Fall Weiß) 179, 213, 214
‘Case Yellow’ (western offensive) 266, 289–91
Caspian Sea 529, 532
Catholic Church 39; and the Anschluß 81, 82;
and euthanasia 256, 259; Nazi attacks on xxxvi, 29, 702
Catholic Ultramontanism 147
Caucasus 408, 409, 411, 413, 416, 434, 438, 440, 499, 513, 514, 518, 523, 528–31, 535, 536, 544, 545, 591, 603
Cavalero, Marshal Count Ugo 546
Central Office for Jewish Emigration 147–8
Chamberlain, Neville 116, 164, 772; Birmingham speech 174, 177; blamed for the Allied fiasco in Norway 289; blames H solely for the war 224; evaluation of H 112; letter to H (22 August 1939) 211–12, 216; the Munich Agreement 122, 123; pledges support of Poland 155, 177–8, 213; proposals on the Czech issue 119; rejects the ‘peace offer’ (12 October 1939) 239, 265–6, 267; talks with H over Czechoslovakia 110–14, 117; view of H 61, 157
Channon, Sir Henry ‘Chips’ 7–8, 211
Charlemagne 703
Charleville 296
Charlottenburg 816
Chefbesprechungen (discussions of departmental heads) 313
Chelmno, Warthegau 485, 490, 520, 838
Cherbourg 641, 642, 643, 720, 722
Chiang Kai-shek 55
Chiemsee 571
‘child-euthanasia’ 257–60
China: and a German-Japanese rapprochement 26–7; H anticipates a Japanese victory 44
Choltitz, General Dietrich von 722
Chotin 463
Christian, Gerda 804, 827, 833
Christianity, Jewry and 488
Christie, Group Captain 46
Church Struggle xxxvi, xxxviii–ix, 28, 39–41, 46, 81, 184, 185, 235
Churches: attacks on xxxvii, xl, 130, 424, 428, 429; and eastern expansion 449; and euthanasia 255, 257, 259; and ‘euthaniasia action’ 426–7; lack of protest against treatment of Jews 146; a pet theme for Goebbels 509, 516; Rosenberg attacks 199
Churchill, Sir Winston 383, 412, 536, 612, 760, 772, 782, 788; and America’s entry into the war 442; and the British Empire 298; concerned to speak to the British public 420; destruction of French ships at Mers-el-Kébir 301; and Dunkirk 297; during ‘Barbarossa’ 416; evokes resilience and idealism in the British people 286; First Lord of the Admiralty 230; and the Heé affair 370–1, 373, 375, 378, 379; H’s arch-enemy 286; meeting with Roosevelt at Casablanca 577; and Norway 288, 289; and the Russian war-machine 433; ‘warmonger’ 304, 306; at Yalta 761,778
Chvalkovsky, Franzisek 127, 152, 170
Ciano, Count (the ‘Ducellino’) 25, 26, 98, 121, 196, 198, 203–4, 291, 292, 298, 301, 304, 322, 327, 328, 347, 364, 366, 383, 387, 444, 513, 541, 542, 546
Cincar-Markovic, Aleksandar Yugoslav Foreign Minister 362
clergy: harassing of xxxvi; influence of xxxviii; led by public opinion xxxviii–xxxix
Cologne 760, 782; bombing of 524, 704; political activism 704, 705
colonization 244
Columbia 134
Comintern 211
‘Commissar Order’ (6 June 1941) 357–9, 658
Committee of Three (Dreierausschuß; Keitel, Lammers and Bormann) 569–70, 571, 574, 575, 577
Communism: in Czechoslovakia 88; and Fascism 17; murder of Communists in Russia 463, 464; the Spanish Civil War 14, 15, 16; in Stalingrad 534; suppression of xxxvi, xxxvii, xl, xlii; see also Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands
Community Foundation for the Care of Asylums 260
Community Patients’ Transport Service 260, 429
concentration camps: and the Church xxxix, 428; ‘euthanasia-centres’ 430; resistance members in xxxvii; and the Russian people 470; see also individual camps
‘Confessing Church’ 41
conscription xxxvii–xxxviii
conservative élites xxxvii, xxxviii, xlii
Conti, Dr Leonardo 259, 260
Copenhagen 288
Corsica 328, 542, 600
Cossack (destroyer) 287
Cotentin peninsula 640, 641, 643
Cottbus 798, 802
Coulondre, Robert 215
coup d’état 263, 268
Courland 757, 759
Courland army 798
‘Court of Honour’ 688
Coventry 310
Cracow 244, 318, 320, 482
Craig, William 370
Cremona 594
Crete 367
Crimea 400, 401, 402, 413, 414, 415, 434, 440, 451, 455, 600, 602, 603, 617, 618, 630, 631, 650, 723
Cripps, Sir Stafford 379
Croatia 470, 782
Croydon airport 110
Crystal Night (9–10 November 1938) 130–1, 135, 142, 144, 146, 147, 148, 150, 184, 472
Csáky, István 166
Cuba 145
currency, foreign 10
Cvetkovic, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia 360, 362
Cyprus 383
Czech army 88, 96, 115
Czechoslovakia 43, 133, 163; armament plants 89; arsenal 165; and Austrian refugees 85; British reaction to the invasion 173–4; ‘Case Green’ 88, 101, 106, 109; central Europe’s last, betrayed, democracy 71; Communism in 88; Czechs’ alleged oppression of Sudeten Germans 91, 96–7, 107, 111, 114; deportation of Jews 488; Einsatzgruppen 241, 246; eliminating Czech resistance 487–8; ethnic minorities 88; founded (1918) 88; generals discuss a potential invasion 102–3; German army enters (1939) 171, 225; the German Protectorate 172; Η aims to destroy 87–8, 92, 93, 100, 116, 136, 158, 163–4; Hácha signs agreement 171; Hácha’s meeting with H 170–1; H’s ultimatum 116–17, 119; industrial base 88, 161, 164; industries 164–5; the Karlsbad demands 106, 108, 109; Keitel’s plan for military action 97, 101; mobilization (May 1938) 99, 111, 115, 190; mobilization plans against 51, 115, 120; name changed to Czecho-Slovakia 164; a potentially hostile neighbour xlv; proposed German expansion 49–50, 61; raw materials 89, 164; Slovakian demand for independence 168–9; strategic position 97, 165; Sudetenland 136, 157, 160, 161, 164, 172–3, 241, 251, 664; crisis (1938) 44, 46, 61, 86, 87, 91, 95, 105, 109, 110, 116, 118, 121, 123, 124, 132, 147, 158, 179, 190, 200, 205, 218, 262, 655; treaties with France and Soviet Union 95; weakened by the incorporation of Austria 84; the ‘Weekend Crisis’ 99–100
D-Day 641, 723
Dachau concentration camp 141, 274, 768
DAF see Deutsche Arbeitsfront
Dahlem 7
Dahlems, Birger 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 222–3, 226, 379
Daily Telegraph 84
Dakar 329, 331
Daladier, Edouard 112, 121, 122, 175, 216
Danish navy 288
Dannecker, Theo 322, 352
Danube region 777
Danube river 79, 169, 434, 723, 757, 787
Danzig (Gdansk) 67, 165, 166, 172, 177, 178, 179, 181, 190, 200–3, 216, 219–22, 225, 236, 238, 247, 788; Customs Office 201
Danzig Question 158, 177
Danzig-West Prussia 239, 250, 316, 837
Daranowski, Gerda 235, 396–7
Darían, Admiral Jean François 542
Darmstadt 788
Darré, Richard Walther 10, 162, 187, 374
Davos 136
Delp, Pater Alfred 666
democracy: attack on xlii; central Europe’s last, betrayed, democracy 71
Denmark 287, 288, 405, 603–4, 834
Dessau 137
Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF; German Labour Front) xl, 836
Deutsche Bank 132
Deutsche Volksliste (German Ethnic List) 251
Deutsches Jungvolk 765
Deutschkron, Inge 474–5
Deutschland (pocket-battleship) 43, 49, 176
‘Deutschland, Deutschland über alles’ (German national anthem) 561
Dienststelle Ribbentrop 26
Dieppe 536, 660
Dietrich, Otto 32, 78, 170, 294, 373, 396, 623, 678
Dietrich, SS-Oberstgruppenführer Sepp 32, 743, 757, 787, 803, 817
Dirlewanger Brigade 725