Significant Sisters
Page 44
Bruce, Henry, 184
Buffalo Medical Journal, 70
Buss, Frances Mary, 145, 146, 149, 161, 211
Butler. Arthur, 176
Butler, Charles, 176, 188, 190, 197
Butler, Eva, 176–7, 197, 201
Butler, George, 6, 7, 173–83, 188–97, 199–200, 226
Butler, George (son), 174, 188, 197–8
Butler, Hatty, 182
Butler, Josephine, 3, 160, 169–202, 234, 245; attitude to men, 4; marriage, 6, 7, 174–5, 189–90, 196–7, 199–200; appearance, 7–8; childhood, 9, 171–2; feminism, 4, 170; campaign against Contagious Diseases Acts, 170–1, 181–93, 195, 198–201; education, 172; religious crisis, 173; and the death of her daughter, 176–7, 201, 261; work with prostitutes, 177–9; and the educational reform movement, 179–80; ill-health, 180, 191; The Constitution Violated, 184–5; The New Era, 185–6; European campaign, 190–1; campaign against child prostitution, 193–5; and her husband’s death, 195–6; last years, 197–8; and women’s suffrage, 200–1
Butler, Stanley, 175, 176, 190, 192, 197, 198
Byron, Lady Noel, 76, 79, 84, 90
Cady, Judge Daniel, 8–9, 209–11, 213, 216, 218, 228, 234–5
Cady, Eleazor, 209, 210
Cady, Margaret, 209
Cady (Bayard), Tryphenia, 211
Call, 252
Cambridge Local Examinations, 145–6, 147, 148, 149
Cambridge University, 139, 145–6, 151, 152, 155–8
Camden School, 161
Canada, 59, 212, 269, 314
Cardwell, Sir Edward, 184
Carlile, Richard, 243
Carlyle, Jane, 43
Carnegie Steel Company, 294
Castleton Medical College, 68
Catt, Carrie Chapman, 233, 273
Chatham, 191–2
Cheltenham, 176, 177, 197
Cheltenham Boys’ College, 175–6
Cheltenham Ladies’ College, 146
Chicago, 288, 309, 314
Chichester, 137, 138
children: Infant Custody Act, 35–6, 39–40, 51; child prostitution, 193–5
China, 139, 140, 272–3
Christian Socialism, 173
Church of England, 196
Cincinnati, 60
Clarke, Anne, 121
Clarke, Mary, 98–9
Claverack, 247
Cleveland, 236–7
Clifton College, 188
Clough, Anne Jemima, 162
Cobbe, Frances Power, 133
Coke, Sir Edward, 172
Colchester by-election (1872), 186, 187
Coleridge, Mrs, 42
Colorado, female suffrage, 232
Colton, Joseph, 314
Committee on Maternal Health, 267–8
Comstock, Anthony, 254, 261, 307
Comstock laws, 252, 253, 254, 256–7, 261, 262, 263, 265
Condum Dr, 242
Contagious Diseases Acts, 3, 170–1, 181–93, 195, 198–201
contraception, see, birth control
Convent of the Sisters of Charity, Paris, 107
Cook, Miss (Girton student), 156
Cooper, Daniel, 181, 182
Coming, 245–7
Cowper, Lady, 18
Cranworth, Lord Chancellor, 47
Crimean War, 96, 108–11, 112, 119, 124, 126
Criminal Law Amendment Act (1885), 195
Crow family, 138
Crow, Jane, 138, 139, 143
custody: Infant Custody Act, 35–6, 39–40, 51
Daily News, 181, 182
Daily Telegraph, 243
Davenport Hill, Matthew, 47
Davies, Emily, 2–3, 7, 133–65, 172, 180; appearance, 8; relations with her mother, 9; childhood, 136–8; education, 138; interest in women’s employment, 141–2; moves to London, 143–4; and the reform of women’s education, 144–8, 160–2; On Secondary Instruction as Relating to Girls, 147; founds women’s college, 149–55; founds Girton College, 155–8; interest in women’s suffrage, 158–9; death, 159; The Higher Education of Women, 161; “Women in the Universities of England and Scotland”, 162; attitude to feminism, 163
Davies, Henry, 139–40
Davies, Jane, 138, 139
Davies, Rev. John, 139–40, 143
Davies, Llewelyn, 7, 139–40, 141, 142, 144
Davies, Mary, 136–8, 140, 143, 145, 157, 158
Davies, Mary Llewelyn, 145
Davies, William, 138, 139, 140
de la Beche, Sir Henry, 125
de Manneville, Mrs, 35
Declaration of Independence, 220
Declaration of Sentiments, 220, 222
Dennet, Mary Ware, 261
Desmarres, oculist, 74
Dickens, Charles, 46
Dickinson, John, 66–7
Dickson, Dr Robert, 267–8
Dilston, 171, 172, 174
Disraeli, Benjamin, 22, 190
divorce: need for law reform, 16, 29–31; change in law, 31–2, 51
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 296
“double standard”, 169–70, 198–9
Dowse, Dr Thomas, 116
Drysdale, Charles, 244, 258
Dufferin, Lord, 19
Durham University, 173–4
Eckstein, Emmy, 315
education: need for reform, 133–6, 160–2; reform of women’s education, 144–8; Emily Davies’s women’s college, 149–55; foundation of Girton College, 155–8; girls’ attitudes to higher education, 164; Josephine Butler and, 179–80
Education Act (1870), 164
Ellis, Havelock, 258–9
Embley, Park, 97, 118, 120, 121
Emma Goldman Brigade, 317
Endowed Schools Act, 148
Englishwoman’s Journal, 141, 143
Equal Rights Association, 230
Ewart Park, 197–8
Faithful, Emily, 163
fathers: Infant Custody Act, 35–6, 39–40, 51
Fearon, Mr (educ. Inspector), 135
Fedya, 290–1, 292, 293, 297
Female Physiology, 65
First World War, 313
Fitch, Joshua, 148
Fliedner, Pastor Theodore, 105
Florence, 96–7, 98
Fortnightly Review, 160
Frampton Court, 27–8
France, 71–3, 82, 191, 233, 234, 253–4
free love, 290–1, 303
Freiheit, 288, 289
Freschi, Judge, 265
Freud, Sigmund, 300
Frick, Henry Clay, 294–5, 296–7
Froude, J. A., 173
Fry, Elizabeth, 128
Gage, Matilda, 236
Gandhi, Mahatma, 274
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 143
Garrett, Elizabeth, 81, 144, 162; medical education, 80, 87, 143; friendship with Emily Davies, 138, 140, 141; and women’s suffrage, 158; on girls’ health education, 161
Garrison, Lloyd, 59, 215
Gaskell, Mrs, 121
Gateshead, 137–8, 140, 141, 143
General Council of Medical Education and Registration, 87
Geneva, Switzerland, 98, 138, 191, 268
Geneva Gazette, 70
Geneva Medical College, 68–70, 72
George, Henry, 247
Germany, 105–7, 185–6, 259, 269, 313, 314
Gibson, Miss, 152
Giffard, Mr (educ. Inspector), 134–5
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 254
Girton College, Cambridge, 9, 136, 155–8, 159, 162, 163–4
Gladstone, William Ewart, 50, 116, 169, 190, 193
Glasgow, 253
Godwin, William, 36
Goldman, Abraham, 281–2, 283–4, 302
Goldman, Emma, 3, 4, 11, 279–317; attitude to men, 4–5, 6; marriage, 7, 285–7; appearance, 8, 314–15; relations with her parents, 9, 281–4; and the birth control movement, 252; attitude to feminism, 4–5, 280–1, 306–8, 316–17; childhood, 281–2; goes to America, 283–4; view of marriage and sex, 283, 285, 311; anarchism, 287–90, 293–301,
305, 310–11; affair with Johan Most, 289, 291–2, 294; and Sasha Berkman, 289, 290–7, 308–9; and free love, 290–1, 303; need for children, 292–3, 299; affair with Ed Brady, 297–303, 305–6; in Vienna, 300; and Mother Earth, 307–9; affair with Reitman, 309–10, 311–13; Anarchism and Other Essays, 311; returns to Russia, 313; My Two Years in Russia, 313; death, 314
Goldman, Taube, 282
Governesses Benevolent Institution, 144–5
Graefenberg, Dr Ernst, 271
Grantley, Fletcher Norton, 3rd Lord, 18–19, 20, 22–3, 29, 33, 38–9, 49
Granville, Lord, 147
Greenhill, Mrs, 34
Greenwich Hospital estates, 171–2
Greie, Johanna, 287–8
Grey, Earl, 171
Grey, Hannah, 171
Grey, Hatty, 172, 177
Grey, John, 171–3, 174
Grimké, Angelina, 208
Grimké, Sarah, 208
Guardianship Act (1973), 51
Guildford, 22–3
Hampton Court, 17, 31–2, 33
Hansard, 181
Harrow School, 155, 196–7
Harvard Medical School, 86
Hastings, 83, 85
Hastings-on-Hudson, 250, 251
Hayward, Abraham, 22, 33–4
Haywood, Bill, 252, 253
Heiner, Frank, 315
Henderson, Kentucky, 62
Herbert, Sidney, 102, 103, 108, 110, 119, 122, 125
Herbert, Mrs, 126
Heritage, Mrs, 184
Hicks, Harriet, 188
Higgins, Anne, 246–7
Higgins, Michael, 246–8
Highgate Workhouse Infirmary, 116
Hill, Octavia, 146
Hitchin, 152–5, 163
Holland, 259–60, 264
Home and Colonial Training Scheme, 134
Hospitals’ Association, 122–3
Hugo, Victor, 317
Hunt, Harriot K., 86
Hunt, Jane, 220
Hunt, William Holman, 143
Huxley, T. H., 160
India, 118, 197, 270
Infant Custody Act (1839), 38, 39–40, 51
Institute for Sick Gentlewomen in Distressed Circumstances, 107–8
Institution of Deaconesses, Kaiserworth, 105–7
International Birth Control Conference, Sixth, New York (1925), 268
International Society against State Regulated Vice, 191
Isle of Wight, 137
Italy, 97, 98, 177, 195
Jackson, Dr, 68
Jacobs, Dr Aletta, 260, 268
Jarrett, Rebecca, 194–5
Jefferson Medical College, 68
Jeffries, Mary, 188
Jex-Blake, Sophia, 87
Johnstown, 209, 211, 216
Jones, Agnes, 116
Jowett, Benjamin, 175
Kaiserworth, 105–7
Kemble, Fanny, 22
Kentucky, 62
Kershner, Jacob, 285–7
Kilmun, 85
Kings Cross Hospital, 108
Knowlton, Charles, 243–4
Kollontai, Alexandra, 313, 314
Königsberg, 283
Kovno, 281
Kropotkin, Peter, 304
Labour Five, 251
Ladies’ Anti-Slavery Society, 59
Ladies’ Association, 182, 187–8, 197
Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, 163–4
Lancet, 65
Langham Place set, 141–2, 144
Lansdowne House, 36
law: Infant Custody Act, 35–6, 39–40, 51; and married women, 29, 31, 34, 49; marriage reform, 47–8, 49–52, repeal of Contagious Diseases Acts, 170–1, 181–93, 195, 198–201; Comstock laws used against birth control movement, 252, 253, 254, 256–7, 261, 263, 265
Lea Hurst, 97, 116, 118
Leigh-Smith, Annie, 140, 141
Leigh-Smith, Barbara, see Bodichon, Barbara
Lenin, Nikolai, 313
Lepsius, Karl Richard, 125
Liberal Party, 191
Liddell, Justice, 187
Lily, 223
Lind, Jenny, 143
Little Review, 310
Liverpool, 103, 170, 179, 188, 191, 258
Liverpool College for Boys, 177, 192
Loch Rannoch, 33
Lomax, Mary, 179
London National Society for Women’s Suffrage, 94–5, 159
London School of Medicine for Women, 57
London University, 137, 144, 149, 158
Louis, Pierre, 71–2
Luhan, Mabel Dodge, 273
Lumsden, Louisa, 152, 154, 156
Lyttelton, Lord, 147
Lytton, Bulwer, 21–2
McClintock, Mary Ann, 219–20, 222
MacGuire, Willie, 253
McKinley, President, 304–5
Malthus, Thomas, 242
Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospital, 249
Manning, Cardinal, 127
Manning, Mrs, 152
marriage: Infant Custody Act, 35–6, 39–40, 51; legal reforms, 47–8, 49–52; Married Women’s Property acts, 47, 48, 51, 223
Married Women’s Property Act (Britain, 1882), 47, 48, 51
Married Women’s Property Bill (USA, 1848), 223
Martineau, Harriet, 16, 95, 181, 182, 236–7, 329
La Maternité, 71–3
Matisse, Henri, 253
Maudsley, Dr, 160–1
Maurice, F. D., 144–5
Mayflower, 207
medicine: Elizabeth Blackwell and, 55, 57, 63–82; women’s health care, 64–6; women as doctors, 86–90; see also nursing
Melbourne, Lord, 18, 19–20, 22, 28–32, 39, 45, 46
Mensinga diaphragm, 259–60, 269
Mensinga, Dr Wilhelm, 259–60
Menzies, Lady Grace, 33, 37
Menzies, Sir Neil, 37
Metropolitan Police Courts, 22
Middlesex Hospital, 108
Milfield, 171
Mill, John Stuart, 94–5, 126, 158, 237
Mindell, Fania, 264
Minkin sisters, 289, 290
Minto, Lady, 36
Mitchell, Dr, 68
Mitchison, Naomi, 274
Mohl, Julius, 98
Monckton-Milnes, Richard, 103–5, 108
Montreal, 258
Montreal, 214
Moore, Dr, 179, 180
Moral Reform Union, 169
Morning Chronicle, 175
Most, Johann, 289–94, 297, 304, 309
Mother Earth, 307–9, 312, 317
mothers, Infant Custody Act, 35–6, 39–40, 51
Mott, James, 221
Mott, Lucretia, 215, 216, 219–22
Mourez, Madame, 195
Mupro, Alexander, 176
Naples, 97, 191
National American Woman Suffrage Association, 232–3
National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control, 270
National Health Society, 84
National Schools, 134, 145
National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA), 230–1, 232
New York, 59, 67, 225; Elizabeth Blackwell’s practice in, 75, 76, 78–9; prostitution, 186; ignorance of birth control, 251–3; birth control clinics, 263–6, 267–8; anarchism, 288–9
New York Anti-Slavery Society, 59
New York Dispensary for Sick Women and Children, 78
New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children, 79, 80–2
New York State, 205, 209, 211, 217
New York Sun, 262
New York Tribune, 222, 223
New Zealand, female suffrage, 237
Newark by-election (1870), 183–4, 187
Newcastle, 141, 142, 172, 183
Newnham College, Cambridge, 162, 163–4
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 302
Nightingale, Florence, 3, 80, 93–129, 139, 172, 320; rejects marriage, 7, 100, 103–5, 241; appearance, 8, 120; relations with her parents, 9, 98, 105–6; attitude to feminism, 94–6, 109, 112–13, 124–7; childhood, 96–8;
education, 98; charitable work, 101; desire to be a nurse, 101–8; at Kaiserworth, 105–7; at the Gentlewomen’s Institute, 107–8; Crimean War, 108–11; training-school, 111, 112, 114–17; Notes on Nursing, 112–14; isolation, 118–19; last years, 119–20, 124; kindness, 121–2; opposition to registration of nurses, 122–3; Suggestions for Thought to the Searchers after Religious Truth among the Artizans of England, 126; influence on nursing, 127–9; and the campaign against the Contagious Diseases Acts, 182
Nightingale, Frances (Fanny), 97–8, 100–3, 105–7, 109, 118–20, 126
Nightingale, Mai, 100, 122
Nightingale, Parthenope, 97–8, 100, 102, 106–7, 117–19, 121, 126–7
Nightingale, William, 97–8, 100–3, 105–7, 109, 118
Nightingale Fund, 111, 112, 114–17
Nightingale School, 111, 112, 114–17, 127–8
No-Conscription League, 313
North London Collegiate School, 146
North of England Council for the Promotion of Higher Education for Girls, 180
Northbrook, Lord, 118
Northern Echo, Darlington, 193
Northumberland, 171–2, 197–8
Norton, Augusta, 7, 19, 25, 27, 38
Norton, Brinsley, 22, 30, 37–9, 41–2, 48
Norton, Caroline, 3, 4, 15–52, 172–3, 286, 319, 321; appearance, 7, 8, 18, 24, 40, 48; marriage, 7, 15, 16–17, 19–28, 50–1; relations with her mother, 9; childhood,17–18; A Letter to the Queen, 15, 47; education, 18; Stuart of Dunleath, 20; The Sorrows of Rosalie, 21; The Undying One, 22; children, 22; success as an author, 24, 43, 44, 49–50; The Wife, and Woman’s Reward, 27; separation from her children, 28–30, 32–3, 37–42; sued for divorce, 29–32; and the Infant Custody Act, 33–6, 39–40; The Separation of Mother and Child by the Law of Custody of Infants Considered, 35–6; public attitudes to her, 36–7, 48; A Plain Letter to the Lord Chancellor on the Infants Custody Bill, 40; The Dream and Other Poems, 40; reunited with her sons, 42; social isolation, 43–4; financial problems, 43, 44–5; second court case, 44–6; English Laws for Women in the 19th Century, 46–7; and marriage reform, 47–8, 49–51; second marriage, 49; grandchildren, 48; death, 48, 49
Norton, Fletcher, 22, 37–8, 41–2, 44, 45, 48
Norton, George, 18–30, 32–3, 37–46, 48–9
Norton, William, 26, 37–8, 41–2
Norway, female suffrage, 237
nursing: Florence Nightingale’s influence on, 93, 96, 127–9; in the Crimean War, 108–11; Notes on Nursing, 112–14; registration, 122–3; see also medicine
Nursing Record, 123
O’Connell, Daniel, 216
Ohio, 60, 222–3, 224
Oxford, 174–5, 176
Oxford University, 145–6, 152, 158, 173, 174–5
Paget, James, 119
Paget, Mrs James, 74
Paine, Tom, 207–8
Pall Mall Gazette, 193
Palmerston, Lord, 104, 125
Paris, 66, 67, 71, 79, 87, 98, 107, 191, 199, 253–4