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Bobby Fischer Goes to War

Page 36

by David Edmonds


  Finally, we would like to pay tribute—for their support and superb professional skills—to Julian Loose, Charles Boyle, and Angus Cargill at Faber; Jane Beirn and Julia Serebrinsky at Ecco; our copyeditors, Ian Bahrami and Sona Vogel; and Jacqueline Korn at David Higham.

  About the Authors

  DAVID EDMONDS is and JOHN EIDINOW was with the BBC; both are award-winning journalists. Their hugely acclaimed debut book, Wittgenstein’s Poker: The Story of a Ten-Minute Argument Between Two Great Philosophers was a number-one national bestseller and was published in more than a dozen languages.

  Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins authors.

  SELECTIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY

  A number of books were of particular assistance to us at the outset. On Fischer, especially helpful were Frank Brady’s excellent biography and Brad Darrach’s fly-on-the-wall account of the match itself. In understanding Soviet chess, the works by D. J. Richards and by Andrew Soltis were invaluable, together with Genna Sosonko’s illuminating accounts of leading figures.

  Andrew, Christopher, and Oleg Gordievsky. KGB: The Inside Story. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1990.

  Andrew, Christopher,. Instructions from the Centre. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1991.

  Armitage, S., and G. Maxwell. Moon Country. London: Faber, 1996.

  Bakhtin, Mikhail. Problems of Dostoevski’s Poetics. Caryl Emerson, trans. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1984.

  Barnes, Julian. Letters from London. London: Picador, 1995.

  Berkovich, Felix. Jewish Chess Masters on Stamps. London: McFarland & Co., 2000.

  Boyd, Brian. Vladimir Nabokov—The Russian Years. London: Chatto & Windus, 1990.

  Brady, Frank. Profile of a Prodigy. Toronto: Dover Publications, 1973.

  Brandt, Willy. People and Politics. J. Maxwell Brown, trans. London: John Collins, 1978.

  Brezhnev, Leonid. Selected Speeches and Writings. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1979.

  Brown, Archie, M. Kaser. The Soviet Union Since the Fall of Khrushchev. London: Macmillan, 1978.

  Brown, Archie. The Gorbachev Factor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

  Buckley, Will. “They Also Serve.” Observer Sport Monthly 29 (July 2002).

  Bulgakov, Mikhail. The Master and Margarita. Michael Glenny, trans.London: Harvill Press, 1996.

  Bundy, William. A Tangled Web. London: I. B. Tauris, 1998.

  Burger, Robert. The Chess of Bobby Fischer. San Francisco: Hypermodern Press, 1975.

  Burton, Robert. The Anatomy of Melancholy. Jackson Holbrook, ed. New York: Vintage Books, 1977.

  Byrne, Robert, and Ivo Nei. Both Sides of the Chessboard. New York: Batsford, 1974.

  Cafferty, Bernard. Boris Spassky: Master of Tactics. London: Batsford, 1991.

  Canetti, Elias. Auto da Fé. C. V. Wedgwood, trans. London: Vintage, 2000.

  Canetti, Elias. The Torch in My Ear. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1982.

  Cockburn, Alexander. Idle Passion. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1975.

  Cohen, Warren. America’s Response to China. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.

  Cradock, Percy. Know Your Enemy. London: John Murray, 2002.

  Crankshaw, Edward. Khrushchev’s Russia. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1959.

  Crockatt, Richard. The Fifty Years War. London: Routledge, 1995.

  Darrach, Brad. “The Deadly Gamesman.” Life magazine (November 1971).

  Darrach, Brad. Bobby Fischer vs. the Rest of the World. New York: Stein & Day, 1974.

  Davies, Norman. Europe: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

  Davies, N., M. Pein, and J. Levitt. Bobby Fischer: The $5,000,000 Comeback. London: Cadogan Books, 1992.

  Dickson, Peter. Kissinger and the Meaning of History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.

  Dobrynin, Anatoly. In Confidence. New York: Random House, 1995.

  Dornberg, John. Brezhnev: The Masks of Power. London: André Deutsch, 1974.

  Dostoyevsky, Fyodor. Notes from Underground. Jessie Coulson, trans. London: Penguin, 1972.

  Dostoyevsky, Fyodor. The Brothers Karamazov. David McDuff, trans. London: Penguin, 1993.

  —.The Diary of a Writer. Boris Brasol, trans. London: Cassel, 1949.

  Dudintsev, Vladimir. Not by Bread Alone. New York: Dutton, 1957.

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  Edmonds, Robin. Soviet Foreign Policy: The Brezhnev Years. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983.

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  Eissenstat, Bernard, ed. The Soviet Union: The Seventies and Beyond. London: D. C. Heath & Co., 1975.

  Eliot, T. S. The Waste Land. London: Faber & Faber, 1972.

  Ellison, James Whitfield. Master Prim. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1968.

  Euwe, Max. Bobby Fischer and His Predecessors. London: Bell & Sons, 1976.

  Euwe, Max, and Jan Timman. Fischer World Champion. Alkmaarl: New in Chess, 2002.

  Fanger, Donald. Dostoevsky and Romantic Realism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965.

  Fauber, R. E. Impact of Genius. Seattle: International Chess Enterprises, 1992.

  Fine, Reuben. Bobby Fischer’s Conquest of the World’s Chess Championship. New York: McKay, 1973,

  Fischer, Robert My 60 Memorable Games. London: Faber, 1972.

  Fox, Mike, and Richard James. The Complete Chess Addict. London: Faber & Faber, 1987.

  Friedman, Norman. The Fifty-Year War. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000.

  Gaddis, John Lewis. The United States and the End of the Cold War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

  Garson, Robert. The United States and China Since 1949. London: Pinter, 1994.

  Garthoff, Raymond. Détente and Confrontation. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1985.

  Ginzburg, Ralph. “Portrait of a Genius as a Young Chess Master.” Harper’s magazine (January 1962).

  Glavnic, Thomas, trans. John Brownjohn, Carl Haffner’s Love of the Draw. London: Harvill, 1998.

  Gligoric, Svetozar. Fischer vs. Spassky. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1972.

  Goldhill, Simon. Reading Greek Tragedy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

  Golombek, Harry. The Inside Story of the World Championship. London: Times Newspapers Ltd., 1973.

  Grossman, Vasily. Life and Fate. Robert Chandler, trans. London: Harvill, 1985.

  Haldeman, H. R. with Joseph DiMona. The Ends of Power. London: Jackson, 1978.

  Hartston, William. Karpov v. Korchnoi. London: Fontana Paperbacks, 1981.

  Hartston, William. The Kings of Chess. London: Pavilion Books Ltd., 1985.

  Hartston, William. Chess: The Making of the Musical. London: Pavilion Books Ltd.,1986

  Hartston, W., and P. Wason. The Psychology of Chess. London: Batsford, 1983.

  Harwood, Graeme. Caïssa’s Weh. London: Latimer, 1975.

  Hersh, Seymour. Kissinger: The Price of Power. London: Faber & Faber, 1983.

  Hingley, Ronald. The Russian Mind. London: Bodley Head, 1977.

  Ho, Allan, and Dmitry Feofanov. Shostakovich Reconsidered. London: Toccata Press, 1998.

  Hochberg, Burt. The 64-Square Looking Glass. New York: Random House, 1992.

  Ilf, Ilia, and Evgenii Petrov. The Twelve Chairs. John H. C. Richardson, trans. New York: Random House, 1961.

  International Institute for Strategic Studies. Strategic Survey, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972.

  London. Isaacson, Walter. Kissinger: A Biography. London: Faber & Faber, 1992.

  Jones, Malcolm. Dostoyevsky After Bakhtin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

  Johnson, Paul. A History of the American People. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1997.

  Kahn, Herman. Thinking About the Unthinkable. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1962.

  Karpov, Anatoly. Chess at the Top. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1984.

  Karpov, A., and A. Roshal. Chess I
s My Life. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1980.

  Keene, Ray. Korchnoi vs. Spassky. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1977.

  Keene, Ray. Karpov-Kochnoi. London: Batsford, 1978. —. Massacre in Merano. London: Batsford, 1981.

  Keene, Ray. The Return of a Legend. London: Batsford, 1992.

  Khrushchev, Nikita. Krushchev Remembers: The Last Testament. Strobe Talbott, trans. London: André Deutsch, 1974.

  King, D., and D. Trelford. Kasparov v. Short. Cadogan Chess, 1993.

  King, Daniel. Kasparov v. Deep Blue. Batsford, 1997.

  Kissinger, Henry. American Foreign Policy. London: Weidenfeld& Nicolson, 1969.

  Kissinger, Henry. The White House Years. Weidenfeld & Nicolson and Michael Joseph, 1979.

  Kissinger, Henry. Diplomacy. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979.

  Kochan, Lionel, and Richard Abraham. The Making of Modern Russia. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1983.

  Korchnoi, Viktor. Chess Is My Life. London: Batsford, 1977.

  Kotov, Alexander. Train Like a Grandmaster. London: Batsford, 1981.

  Krogius, Nikolai. Psychology in Chess. London: RHM Press, 1976.

  Kurlansky, Mark. Cod. London: Jonathan Cape, 1998.

  Lacy, Terry. Iceland: Ring of Seasons. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998.

  Lafeber, Walter. America, Russia, and the Cold War 1945–1980. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1980.

  Lawson, Dominic. The Inner Game. London: Macmillan, 1993.

  Laxness, Halldor. The Atom Station. Magnus Magnusson, trans. Sag Harbor, NY: Second Chance Press, 1982.

  Levy, David, and Stewart Reuben. The Chess Scene. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

  Litwak, Robert. Détente and the Nixon Doctrine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

  Mandelstam, Osip. The Collected Critical Prose and Letters. Jane Gary Harris, ed. London: Collins Harvill, 1991.

  Mann, James. About Face. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999.

  Mednis, Edmar. How to Beat Bobby Fischer. Toronto: Bantam, 1975.

  Medvedev, Zhores. The Medvedev Papers. Vera Rich, trans. London: Macmillan, 1971.

  Merridale, Catherine. Night of Stone. London: Granta, 2000.

  Middleton, Thomas. T. H. Howard Hill, ed. A Game of Chess. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993.

  Middleton, Thomas. Women Beware Women. J. R. Mulryne, ed. London: Methuen, 1973.

  Mitchell, Edwin, ed. The Art of Playing Chess. New York: privately printed, 1936.

  Mitrokhin, Vasily, ed. KGB Lexicon. London: Frank Cass, 2002.

  Moran, P. World Chess Championship. London: Batsford, 1986.

  Nabokov, Vladimir. The Defence. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1964.

  Nixon, Richard. The Memoirs of Richard Nixon. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1978.

  Nye, Joseph, ed. The Making of America’s Soviet Policy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984.

  Orwell, George. Nineteen Eighty-Four. London: Martin Secker & Warburg, 1987.

  Pachman, Ludek. Memoirs of Ludek Pachman. London: Faber, 1975.

  Pandolfini, Bruce. Bobby Fischer’s Outrageous Chess Moves. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985.

  Pasternak, Boris. Doctor Zhivago. Max Hayward and Manya Harari, trans. London: Collins, 1958.

  Peace, Richard. Dostoyevsky: An Examination of the Major Novels. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971.

  Petrosian, Tigran. The Games of Tigran Petrosian, vol. 2.Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1991.

  Pfleger, H., and G. Treppner. The Mechanics of the Mind. Marlborough: Crowood Press, 1988.

  Plaskett, James. The Sicilian Taimanov. Brighton: Chess Press, 1997.

  Plisetsky, Dmitri, and Sergei Voronkov. Russians Versus Fischer. Moscow: JACO Ltd., trans. Chess World Ltd., 1994.

  Poundstone, William. Prisoner’s Dilemma. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

  Rein, Evgeny. Selected Poems. Valentina Polukhina, ed. Robert Reid et al, trans. Northumberland: Blood Axe Books, 2001.

  Riasanovsky, Nicholas. A History of Russia. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.

  Richards, D. J. Soviet Chess. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.

  Roberts, R. Fischer Spassky: The New York Times Report. London: Bantam Books, 1972.

  Rothberg, Abraham. The Heirs of Stalin. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1972.

  Russell, Bertrand. Common Sense and Nuclear Warfare. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1959.

  Saidy, A., and N. Lessing. The World of Chess. New York: Ridge Press, 1984.

  Salzmann, Jerome. The Chess Reader. 1949.

  Schonberg, Harold. “Chess at the Summit.” Harper’s magazine (July 1972).

  —. Grandmasters of Chess. London: Fontana, 1975.

  Schultz, Don. Chessdon. Boca Raton: Chessdon Publishing, 1999.

  Smith, Hedrick. The Russians. New York: Quadrangle, 1976.

  Soltis, Andrew. Soviet Chess. London: McFarland & Co., 2000.

  Sosonko, Genna. Russian Silhouettes. Alkmaar: New in Chess, 2001.

  Spassky, Boris, and Jan van Reek. Grand Strategy. Alkmaar: New in Chess, 2002.

  Speelman, Jon. Analysing the Endgame. London: Batsford, 1988.

  Steiner, George. Fields of Force. New York: Viking Press, 1974.

  Stites, Richard. Soviet Popular Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

  Taimanov, Mark. la byl zhertvoi Fishera [1 was Fischer’s victim]. Shakhforum, Saint Petersburg, 1993.

  Tal, Mikhail. The Life and Games of Mikhail Tal. London: Cadogan, 1997.

  Tevis, Walter. The Queen’s Gambit. London: Heinemann, 1983.

  Wade, Bob. Sousse 1967. Chess Player. Waitzkin, Fred. Searching for Bobby Fischer. New York: Random House, 1983.

  Waterman, Andrew. The Poetry of Chess. London: Anvil Press Poetry Ltd., 1981.

  Wilson, Fred, ed. A Picture History of Chess. New York: Dover Publications, 1981.

  Wright, Esmond The American Dream. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.

  Zweig, Stefan. The Royal Game. London: Cassell, 1945.

  We plundered the archives of many newspapers, especially Corriere della Sera, The New York Times, The Washington Post, the Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, the Los Angeles Times, and The Times (London). In Moscow, the archives of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Izvestia, Pravda, Vecherniaia Moskva, Shakhmati v SSSR, and 64 were essential reading. We are grateful to the London Library and the Wisconsin Historical Society.

  NOTE ON THE TRANSLITERATION OF RUSSIAN

  In general, we have transliterated Russian names and other words in accordance with the Library of Congress system. However, where we feel an established version of a name is so familiar that changing it might disturb a reader, we have retained that version—for instance, Spassky and Dostoyevsky. We have similarly made changes to assist readers’ pronunciation.

  DRAMATIS PERSONAE

  THE AMERICANS

  Bobby Fischer—World championship contender

  Pal Benko—Grandmaster, enabled Fischer to enter world championship rounds

  Robert Byrne—Grandmaster, coauthor with Ivo Nei of book on match

  Fred Cramer—Chief assistant to Fischer in Reykjavik

  Brad Darrach—Life reporter and member of Fischer’s Reykjavik team

  Andrew Davis—Attorney to Fischer

  Ed Edmondson—Executive director of the U.S. Chess Federation and mentor to Fischer

  Larry Evans—American grandmaster and former second to Fischer

  Regina Fischer—Bobby’s mother

  Chester Fox—TV producer with exclusive rights to film the match

  Victor Jackovich—Junior diplomat in U.S. Icelandic embassy

  Henry Kissinger—U.S. national security adviser

  William Lombardy—Roman Catholic priest, grandmaster, and second to Fischer

  Paul Marshall—Attorney to Fischer

  Paul Nemenyi—Allegedly Fischer’s biological father

  Richard Nixon—U.S. president

  Anthony Saidy—Chess player, gave sanctuary to Fischer

  Don Sch
ultz—Fischer aide and future president of the U.S. Chess Federation

  Frank Skoff—Fischer aide and president of U.S. Chess Federation from August 1972

  Ken “Top Hat” Smith—American chess and poker player, helped Fischer prepare

  Theodore Tremblay—U.S. charge d’affaires in Iceland

  Various attorneys, journalists, chess players, commentators, and acquaintances of Fischer

  THE SOVIETS

  Boris Spassky—World champion

  Lev Abramov—Former head of Chess Department, USSR Council of Ministers Committee for Physical Training and Sport

  Sergei Astavin—Soviet ambassador to Iceland

  Yuri Averbakh—President of the USSR Chess Federation and of the Trainers’ Council, grandmaster

  Viktor Baturinskii—Director of the Central Chess Club; head of the Chess Department, chief trainer, and inspector of the USSR Council of Ministers Committee for Physical Training and Sport; former colonel and deputy chief military prosecutor

  Yevgeni Bebchuk—Journalist and former president of the Chess Federation of the Russian Federation (a republic of the USSR)

  Mikhail Beilin—Former head of the Chess Department, USSR Council of Ministers Committee for Physical Training and Sport

  Isaac Boleslavskii—Grandmaster

  Igor Bondarevskii—Grandmaster and trainer to the world champion

  Mikhail Botvinnik—Former world chess champion

  Valeri Chamanin—Soviet embassy interpreter

  Piotr Demichev—Communist Party of the Soviet Union Central Committee secretary responsible for ideology

  Anatoli Dobrynin—Soviet ambassador to Washington, D.C.

  Efim Geller—Grandmaster, second, and trainer to the world champion

  Viktor Ivonin—Deputy chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers Committee for Physical Training and Sport, in charge inter alia of chess (deputy sports minister)

  Anatoli Karpov—Future world chess champion

  Nikolai Krogius—Psychologist, grandmaster, second, and trainer to the world champion, future head of the USSR state chess organization

  Ivo Nei—Second and tennis partner to the world champion

 

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