Africa

by Guy Arnold

  AQIM – al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb

  AREMA –Association pour la Renaissance de Madagascar

  ARPA – Agricultural Rehabilitation Programme for Africa

  ASU – Arab Socialist Union (Libya)

  AU – African Union

  AWB – Afrikaanse Weerstandsbeweging (Afrikaner Resistance Movement

  AZAPO – Azanian People’s Organization (South Africa)

  BCC – British Council of Churches

  BCP – Basotho Congress Party (Lesotho)

  BDG – Bloc Démocratique Gabonais

  BDP – Botswana Democratic Party

  BMATT – British Military Assistance Training Team

  BOSS – Bureau of State Security (South Africa)

  BPC – Black People’s Convention (South Africa)

  CCE – Constitutional Commission for Eritrea

  CCM – Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Tanzania)

  CDR – Coalition for the Defence of the Republic (Rwanda)

  CEAO – Communauté Economique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest

  CEEAC - Communauté Economique des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale

  CEG – Commonwealth Expert Group

  CFTC – Commonwealth Fund for Technical Cooperation

  CFU – Commercial Farmers Union (Zimbabwe)

  CHOGM – Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting

  CIA – Central Intelligence Agency (US)

  CIEC – Conference on International Economic Cooperation

  CILSS – Permanent Inter-State Committee on Drought Control in the Sahal

  CIO – Central Intelligence Organization (Rhodesia)

  CMRN - Comité Militaire de Redressement National (Guinea)

  CMRPN – Comité Militaire de Redressement pour le Progrès National (Upper Volta)

  CMSN – Comité Militaire pour le Salut National (Burundi)

  CND – Conseil National de Développement (Niger)

  CNE – Commission Nationale des Elections (Congo)

  CNL – Conseil National de Libération (Congo (Brazzaville))

  CNR – Conseil National Révolutionnaire (Dahomey/Upper Volta)

  CNS – Conférence National Souveraine (Congo)

  CODESA – Convention for a Democratic South Africa

  COMOPS – Combined Operations (Rhodesia)

  CONSAS – Constellation of Southern African States

  COPCON – Continental Operations Command (Portugal)

  COPWE – Commission for the Organization of a Party of the Workers of Ethiopia

  COSATU – Congress of South African Trade Unions

  CPEs – [Communist] Centrally Planned Economies

  CPP – Convention People’s Party (Ghana)

  CPP – Convention People’s Party (Togo)

  CRUA – Comité Révolutionnaire pour l’Unité et l’Action (Algeria)

  CSP – Conseil de Salut du Peuple (Upper Volta)

  CUSS – Council for the Unity of Southern Sudan

  CUT – Comité de l’Unité Togolaise

  DAC – Development Assistance Committee [of OECD]

  DFSS – Democratic Front for the Salvation of Somalia

  DFID – Department for International Development (Britain)

  DPKO – Department of Peace Keeping Operations (UN)

  DRC – Democratic Republic of Congo

  DSRP – Democratic and Social Republican Party (Mauritania)

  DTA – Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (Namibia)

  DUP – Democratic Unionist Party (Sudan)

  EAC – East African Community

  EACM – East African Common Market

  EACSO – East African Common Services Organization

  EADB – East African Development Bank

  ECA – Economic Commission for Africa

  ECOMOG – Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group

  ECOWAS – Economic Community of West African States

  EDF – European Development Fund

  EEC – European Economic Community

  EFTA - European Free Trade Association

  ELA – Eritrean Liberation Army

  ELF – Eritrean Liberation Front

  EPG – Eminent Persons Group

  EPLF – Eritrean People’s Liberation Front

  EPRDF – Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front

  ERPs – Economic Recovery Programmes

  ESAP – Economic Structural Adjustment Programme

  FAN – Forces Armées du Nord (Chad)

  FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization (UN)

  FAPLA – Forças Armadas Populares de Libertação de Angola

  FAZ – Forces Armées du Zaïre

  FDIC – Front de Défendre des Institutions Constitutionnes (Morocco)

  FDLD – Front Démocratique pour la Libération de Djibouti

  FDP – Forces Démocratiques et Patriotiques (Congo (Brazzaville))

  FDU – Forces Démocratiques Unies (Congo (Brazzaville))

  FEDECO – Federal Electoral Commission (Nigeria)

  FESTAC – World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture

  FFS – Front des Forces Socialistes (Algeria)

  FIS – Front Islamique du Salut (Algeria)

  FLN – Front de Libération National (Algeria)

  FMG – Federal Military Government (Nigeria)

  FNDR – Front National pour la Défense de la Révolution (Madagascar)

  FNLA – Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola

  FNLC – Front National pour la Libération du Congo

  FNU – Front National Uni (Comoros Islands)

  FPI – Front Populaire Ivorien

  FPPS – Front Progressiste du Peuple Seychellois

  FRELIMO – Frente de Libertação de Mocambique

  FROLINAT – Front de Libération Nationale du Tchad

  FROLIZI – Front for the Liberation of Zimbabwe

  FRUD – Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (Djibouti)

  FUA – Frente de Unidade Angolana

  GATS – General Agreement on Trade in Services (WTO)

  GEAR – Growth, Employment and Redistribution (South Africa)

  GIA – Groupe Islamiste Armée (Algeria)

  GNPP – Greater Nigerian People’s Party

  GNU – Government of National Unity (South Africa)

  GPC – General People’s Congress (Libya)

  GPOI – Global Peace Operations Initiative

  GRAE – Governo Revolucionario de Angola no Exilo (Angolan government in exile)

  GSRP – Gambia Socialist Revolutionary Party

  GUM – Grupo Unido de Mocambique

  HCE – Haut Comité d’Etat (Algeria)

  HCR – High Council of the Republic (Congo)

  HNP – Herstigte Nasionale Party (Refounded National Party) (South Africa)

  ICJ – International Court of Justice (The Hague)

  ICRC – International Committee of the Red Cross

  ICTR – International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

  IDA – International Development Association

  IDEP – Institute for Economic Development and Planning

  IFAD – International Fund for Agricultural Development (UN)

  IFC – International Finance Corporation

  IFIs – Independent Financial Institutions

  IFP – Inkatha Freedom Party (South Africa)

  IGAD – Intergovernmental Authority on Development

  IMET – International Military Education and Training

  IMF – International Monetary Fund

  INE – Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Angola)

  IP – Independence Party (Mauritius)

  ISIS – Islamic State

  JMC – Joint Military Commission

  JMNR – Jeunesse du Mouvement National de la Révolution

  KADU – Kenya African Democratic Union

  KANU – Kenya African National Union

  KAU – Kenya Africa Union

  KCA – Kikuyu Central Associatio
n

  KFL – Kenya Federation of Labour

  KIM – Federation of the 13 May Movement (Madagascar)

  KPU – Kenya People’s Union

  KY – Kabaka Yekka (King Alone) (Uganda)

  LAA – Land Acquisition Act (Zimbabwe)

  LCD – Lesotho Congress for Democracy

  LLA – Lesotho Liberation Army

  LPAI – Ligue Populaire Africaine pour l’Indépendence (French Somaliland)

  LRA – Lord’s Resistance Army

  LUAR – League of Revolutionary Unity and Action (Portugal)

  LURD – Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy

  MAI – Multilateral Agreement on Investment (WTO)

  MAPESS – Ministro da Administração Pública, Emprego e Seguanço Social (Angola)

  MCP – Malawi Congress Party

  MDC – Movement for Democratic Change (Zimbabwe)

  MDDI – Mouvement Congolais pour la Démocratie et le Développement Intégral

  MDM – Mass Democratic Movement (South Africa)

  MDS – Mouvement des Démocrates Socialistes (Tunisia)

  MEL – Minimum effective level

  MESAN – Mouvement pour l’Evolution Sociale de l’Afrique Noire (Central African Republic)

  MFA – Movimento das Forças Armadas (Portugal)

  MIA – Mouvement Islamiste Armée (Algeria)

  MLC – Mouvement de Libération Congolaise

  MLSTP – Movimento de Libertação de São Tomé e Príncipe

  MMD – Movement for Multiparty Democracy (Zambia)

  MMG – Mouvement Mixte Gabonais

  MMM – Mouvement Militant Mauricien

  MMMSP – Mouvement Militant Mauricien Social Progressiste

  MNC – Mouvement National Congolais

  MNR – National Revolutionary Movement (Congo (Brazzaville))

  MNSD – Mouvement National pour une Société de Développement (Niger)

  MOG – Military Observer Group

  MOJA-G – Movement for Justice in Africa-Gambia

  MONIMA – Mouvement National pour l’Indépendence de Madagascar

  MONUC – United Nations Observer Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo

  Morena – Mouvement de Redressement National (Gabon)

  MPCI – Mouvement Patriotique de Côte d’Ivoire

  MPD – Movimento para a Democracia (Cape Verde)

  MPIGO – Mouvement Populaire Ivorien du Grand Ouest

  MPLA – Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola

  MPM – Mouvement Populaire Mahorais (Mayotte)

  MPR – Mouvement Populaire de la Révolution (Congo/Zaïre)

  MSM – Mauritanian Socialist Movement

  MRND – Mouvement national pour le développement (Rwanda)

  MRNDD – Mouvement républican national pour la démocratie et le développement (Rwanda)

  MTLD – Mouvement pour le Triomphe de Libertés Démocratiques (Algeria)

  MUP – Mouvement d’Unité Populaire (Tunisia)

  MUZ – Mineworkers Union of Zambia

  NACP – National Association of Coloured People (Rhodesia)

  NAI – New Africa Initiative

  NAMRU – Naval Medical Research Unit (US institution in Eritrea)

  NARC – National Rainbow Coalition (Kenya)

  NCNC – National Council for Nigeria and the Cameroons

  NCP – National Convention Party (Gambia)

  NDC – National Democratic Congress (Ghana)

  NDP – National Development Party (Kenya)

  NEPAD – New Partnership for Africa’s Development

  NF – National Front (Chad)

  NIBMAR – No Independence Before Majority Rule (Rhodesia)

  NIEO – New International Economic Order

  NIF – National Islamic Front (Sudan)

  NLC – National Liberation Council (Ghana)

  NLF – National Liberation Front (Chad)

  NLP – National Liberation Party (Gambia)

  NNDP – Nigerian National Democratic Party

  NNLC – Ngwane National Liberatory Congress SWAZILAND

  NP – National Party (Afrikaner South Africa)

  NPC – Northern People’s Congress (Nigeria)

  NPFL – National Patriotic Front of Liberia

  NPN – National Party of Nigeria

  NPP – Nigerian People’s Party

  NPP – National Patriotic Party (Ghana)

  NRA – National Resistance Army (Uganda)

  NRC – National Redemption Council (Ghana)

  NUDO – National Unity Democratic Organization (Namibia)

  NUM – National Union of Mineworkers (Britain)

  NUP – National Unionist Party (Morocco)

  NUP – National Unionist Party (Sudan)

  NUSAS – National Union of South African Students

  NUT – National Union of Teachers (Britain)

  OAU – Organisation of African Unity

  OCAM – Organisation Commune Africaine et Malgache

  ODA – Overseas Development Administration (Britain)

  ODA – Official Development Assistance

  OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

  OFY – Operation Feed Yourself (Ghana)

  OIC – Organization of the Islamic Conference

  OLF – Oromo Liberation Front (Ethiopia)

  OPC – Ovamboland People’s Congress (South Africa/Namibia)

  OPEC – Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

  OPIC – Overseas Private Investment Corporation (US)

  OS – Organisation Secrète (Algeria)

  PAC – Pan-Africanist Congress (South Africa)

  PAFMECSA – Pan-African Movement for East, Central and Southern Africa

  PAICV – Partido Africano da Independência de Cabo Verde

  PAIGC – Partido Africano dA Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde (Guinea-Bissau)

  PAMSCAD – Programme of Action to Mitigate the Social Costs of Adjustment (Ghana)

  PANA – Pan African News Agency

  Parmehutu – Parti de l’Emancipation du Peuple Hutu (Rwanda)

  PCT – Parti Congolais du Travail

  PDA – Partido Democratico Angolana

  PDCI – Parti Démocratique de la Côte d’Ivoire

  PDG – Parti Démocratique Gabonais

  PDG-RDA – Parti Démocratique de Guinée-Rassemblement Démocratique Africain

  PDL – Poverty datum line

  PDS – Parti Démocratique de Senegal

  PFD – People’s Front for Democracy (Eritrea)

  PFDJ – People’s Front for Democracy and Justice (Eritrea)

  PGP – Parti Gabonais du Progrès

  PIDE – Policia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado (Portuguese security police)

  PLAN – People’s Liberation Army of Namibia

  PLF – Popular Liberation Front (Eritrea)

  PLO – Palestine Liberation Organization

  PLS – Parti de Libération et du Socialisme (Morocco)

  PMAC – Provisional Military Administrative Council (or Dergue) (Ethiopia)

  PMSD – Parti Mauricien Social Démocrate

  PNDC – Provisional National Defence Council (Ghana)

  PNP – People’s National Party (Ghana)

  Polisario – Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamro and Rio de Oro (Western Sahara)

  Poqo – ‘Blacks Only’ – militant wing of the PAC (qv)

  PP – Progress Party (Gambia)

  PPA – Parti du Peuple Algérien

  PPM – Parti du Peuple Mauritanien

  PPP – People’s Progressive Party (Gambia)

  PPT – Parti Progressiste Tchadien

  PRC – People’s Redemption Council (Guinea-Bissau)

  PRP – People’s Redemption Party (Nigeria)

  PRP – Parti de la Révolution Populaire (Congo/Zaïre)

  PRPB – Parti de la Révolution Populaire du Benin

  PS – Parti Socialiste (
Senegal)

  PSD – Parti Social Démocrate (Madagascar)

  PSD – Parti Socialiste Destourien (Tunisia)

  PSI – Pan Sahel Initiative

  PTP – Progress Party (Togo)

  PUN – Partido Unico Nacional (Equatorial (Spanish) Guinea)

  PUNT – Partido Unico Nacional de los Trabajadores (Equatorial (Spanish) Guinea)

  PWRM – Polaroid Workers Revolutionary Movement (South Africa)

  RCC – Revolutionary Command Council (Egypt)

  RCC-NS – Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation (Sudan)

  RCD – Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie

  RCD – Rassemblement Constitutionnel Démocratique (Tunisia)

  RDA – Rassemblement Démocratique Africain (Guinea)

  RDA – Regroupement Démocratique Afar (Djibouti/French Somaliland)

  RDC – Rassemblement Démocratique Centrafricain (Central African Republic)

  RDP – Restruction and Development Programme (ANC – South Africa)

  RDPC – Rassemblement Démocratique du Peuple Camerounais

  RDR – Rassemblement Démocratique Républicain (Côte d’Ivoire)

  Renamo – Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana (Mozambique National Resistance)

  RND – Rallé National Démocratique (Algeria)

  RPF – Rwandan Patriotic Front

  RPP – Rassemblement Populaire pour le Progrès (Djibouti)

  RPT – Rassemblement du Peuple Togolais

  RSDG – Rassemblement Social Démocratique Gabonais

  RUF – Revolutionary United Front (Sierra Leone)

  SACC – South African Council of Churches

  SACP – South African Communist Party

  SACU – Southern African Customs Union

  SADC – Southern African Development Community

  SADCC – Southern African Development Coordination Conference

  SADF – South African Defence Force

  SADR –Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

  SALF – Somali Abo Liberation Front

  SAPs – Structural Adjustment Programmes

  SASO – South African Students Organization

  SCLA – Supreme Council for the Liberation of Angola

  SDP – Seychelles Democratic Party

  SLA – Somali Liberation Army

  SLPP – Sierra Leone People’s Party

  SMC – Supreme Military Council (Nigeria)

  SNA – Somali National Alliance

  SNM – Somali National Movement

  SPLA – Sudan People’s Liberation Army

  SPLM – Sudan People’s Liberation Movement

  SPM – Somali Patriotic Movement

  SPPF – Seychelles People’s Progressive Front

  SPUP – Seychelles People’s United Party

  SRSP – Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party