p. 144
a modern water system: GAO, Drinking Water Experts’ Views on How Future Federal Funding Can Best Be Spent to Improve Security (October 2003), http://www.globalsecurity.org//security/library/report/gao/d0429.pdf.
p. 144
75,000 dams: John B. Stephenson, “Drinking Water: Experts’ Views on How Federal Funding Can Best Be Spent to Improve Security,” United States Government Accountability Office (Sept. 30, 2004), 4.
p. 144
two million miles of pipe: Benjamin H. Grumbles, “Statement of Benjamin H. Grumbles Acting Assistant Administrator for Water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency before the Subcommittee on Environment and Hazardous Materials Energy and Commerce Committee” (Sept. 30, 2004), 9.
p. 144
160,000 drinking water facilities: Government Accounting Office, Drinking Water: Experts’ Views on How Federal Funding Can Best Be Spent To Improve Security 5 (2004, GAO-04-1098T).
p. 144
bird droppings in the town’s water tank: “Occurrence and Monitoring Document for the Final Ground Water Rule,” Environmental Protection Agency (Oct. 2006), 2–6, http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/disinfection/gwr/pdfs/support_gwr_occurrence-monitoring.pdf; Robert M. Clark and Rofl A Deininger, “Protecting the Nation’s Critical Infrastructure: The Vulnerability of U.S. Water SupplySystems,” Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 8 (June 2000), 78.
p. 146
assessed as possible or probable weapons: Clark and Deininger, “Protecting the Nation’s Critical Infrastructure,” 73.
p. 146
bioengineered agents: Mark Wheelis and Malcolm Dando, “New Technology and Future Developments in Biological Warfare,” United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, http://www.unidir.org//pdf/articles/pdf-art115.pdf.
p. 146
known generally as SCADA systems: Yacov Y. Haimes, “Strategic Responses to Risks of Terrorism to Water Sources,” Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 128 (Nov./Dec. 2002), 384.
p. 146
encouraging football viewers: Sam McManis, “Super Bowl XXI: Notebook: ‘Experts’ of the Media Pick Giants to Win It,” Los Angeles Times, Jan. 25, 1987, http://articles.latimes.com/1987-01-25/sports/sp-5854_1_mark-bavaro.
p. 146
all sprinted to relieve themselves: Linda Yates, “Down the Tubes,” Peace Magazine, Oct.–Dec. 2008, http://peacemagazine.org/archive/v24n4p19.htm. But see Snopes.com dismissing this as a Super Bowl Legend, http://www.snopes.com/sports/football/superbowl.asp.
p. 147
noises to prevent birds: “2008 Watershed Protection Plan Update,” Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, http://www.mass.gov/dcr/watersupply/watershed/documents/2008dcrwppv2cwachusett.pdf.
p. 148
reservoir with cyanide: Brad Poole, “Keeping Our Water Safe; Tucson Water has Spent $3M to Boost Security Since 9/11,” Tucson Citizen, Sept. 6, 2005, 1A.
p. 148
microfiltration or ultrafiltration: Clark and Deininger, “Protecting the Nation’s Critical Infrastructure,” 75.
p. 148
focused on airborne contaminants: Ibid.
p. 149
the Government Accountability Office: “Drinking Water: Experts’ Views on How Future Federal Funding Can Best Be Spent to Improve Security,” U.S. Government Accountability Office, Oct. 31, 2003, http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-04-29.
p. 149
this slug of infected water: P. Aarne Vesilind, “Engineering and the Threat of Terrorism,” Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, Apr. 2003, 70–71.
p. 150
flowed out of faucets around: “Case Histories of Selected Backflow Incidents,” NoBackFlow.com, http://www.nobackflow.com/casehist.htm.
p. 150
gallons of fire-retardant foam: Yochi J. Dreazen, “Reservoirs May Be Safe, but House Pipes Can be Used to Push Toxins into a Neighborhood,” Wall Street Journal, Dec. 27, 2001, A14.
p. 150
“attempt to create a backflow”: Ibid.
p. 151
a lock of blond hair looping: “Buster Backflow,” American Backflow Prevention Association, http://abpa.org/buster_backflow.htm. Page 3 from the Buster Backflow© Comic Book #1 used with permission of the American Backflow Prevention Association, ABPA.org.
p. 152
a drum of toxic chemicals: Dreazen, “Reservoirs May Be Safe,” A14.
p. 152
President Clinton issued: Haimes, “Strategic Responses to Risks of Terrorism to Water Sources,” 383.
p. 152
following the attacks of 9/11: “Instructions to Assist Community Water Systems in Complying with the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002,” Office of Water EPA 810-B-02-001, http://www.epa.gov/safewater/watersecurity/pubs/util-inst.pdf.
p. 153
security, law enforcement: Grumbles, “Statement of Benjamin H. Grumbles,” 7.
p. 153
patrols of Chicago’s intake sites: Gleick, The World’s Water.
p. 153
tripling the dedicated police force: Arrandale, “Hydro Defense,” 50. See also “State, City Announce Landmark Agreement to Safeguard New York City Drinking Water,” New York City Environmental Protection, http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/press_releases/11-11pr.shtml.
p. 154
with sodium hypochlorite: “Water Unsecured,” 106.
p. 154
trout, he said: Arrandale, “Hydro Defense,” 50.
p. 155
detected sediments disturbed: Ibid.
p. 155
“vigilant in protecting our water systems”: Jennifer Smith, “Protecting the Water Supply; City Gets Federal Funds to Install Alert System for Drinking Water in Case of Terror Attack, Contamination,” Newsday, Apr. 25, 2008, A22.
p. 156
“perceived as key targets”: “Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector,” Congressional Research Service (2003), 2.
p. 156
of this amount, $113 million: “Water Unsecured,” The Public Citizen, 103.
p. 156
seems like a lot of money: Ibid.
p. 156
the size of Dallas: “Protecting our Water: Drinking Water Security in America After 9/11,” American Water Works Association, http://fortressteam.com/resources/watersecurity.pdf.
p. 156
improved lighting, locks: Ibid.
p. 157
anti-asteroid laser cannon: Brandon Keim, “How to Defend Earth Against an Asteroid Strike,” Wired Science, Mar. 27, 2009, http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/03/planetdefense.
p. 159
did not weaken teeth but: “The Story of Fluoridation,” National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Mar. 25, 2011, http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/OralHealth/Topics/Fluoride/TheStoryofFluoridation.htm.
p. 160
fluoridated their water: “Water fluoridation statistics for 2006,” Division of Oral Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Sept. 1, 2008.
p. 159
this public health intervention: See, e.g., Marian S. Mc-Donagh, Penny F. Whiting, and Paul M. Wilson et al., “Systematic review of water fluoridation,” BMJ 321 (Oct. 7, 2000), 855–859.
p. 160
Ten Great Public Health Achievements: “Ten Great Public Health Achievements,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 48, no. 2 (Apr. 2, 1999), 241–243, http://cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056796.htm.
p. 160
the anti-Communist Keep America Committee: An image of the flyer can be found at Wikimedia, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Unholy_three.png.
6: Bigger Than Soft Drinks
p. 161
sending eighteen people to the hospital: Luis Zaragoza and Claudia Zequeira, “UCF in hot water with fans,” Orlando Sentinel, Sept. 18, 2007.
p. 162
“will not be offering free water”: “UCF Officials Apologi
ze For Water Problems, Will Offer Free Bottles Next Game,” WKMG, Sept. 17, 2007.
p. 162
Weird Al Yankovic: Peter H. Gleick, “Celebrities and Bottled Water: Spoiled, Misinformed, or Just Plain Weird,” Huffington Post, Sept. 3, 2010, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/peter-h-gleick/celebrities-and-bottled-w_b_705534.html.
p. 163
painting by Velázquez: An image of the painting can be found at Wikimedia, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:15_El_Aguador_de_Sevilla_%28Wellington_Museum,_Apsley_House,_Londres,_1623%29.jpg.
p. 164
drinking at St. Maelrubha’s Well: Varner, Sacred Wells, 117.
p. 165
known in Roman times as the Hot Town: Stanley Young and Melba Levick, Beautiful Spas and Hot Springs of California (San Francisco: Chronicle Books LLC, 2003), 8.
p. 165
“lay in a supply at home and cannot drink”: P. E. LaMoreaux and J. T. Tanner, eds., Springs and Bottled Waters of the World (New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2001), 114.
p. 165
“to liberate the genius”: Ibid., 109.
p. 167
“destination for pilgrims”: Varner Op. Cit., 142.
p. 167
“on the other days let him eat meat”: Ibid., 140.
p. 168
its own ceramics works: Stephen J. Davis, “Pilgrimage and the Cult of Saint Thecla,” Pilgrimage and Holy Space in Late Antique Egypt 134 (1998), 303; Peter Grossman, “The Pilgrimage Center of Abu Mina,” Pilgrimage and Holy Space in Late Antique Egypt 134 (1998), 281.
p. 168
A sketch of water bottles: Henri Leclercq, Dictionnaire d’Archeologie Chretienne et de Liturgie (Paris: Letouzey et Ané, 1903), 383.
p. 169
breaking up kidney stones: Lamoreaux and Tanner, Springs and Bottled Waters of the World, 107.
p. 169
a peculiar stately promenade: Christopher Anstey and Annick Cossic, The New Bath Guide (Richmond hill: Broadcast Books, 2009), 111.
p. 170
passed decrees in 1781: Lamoreaux and Tanner, Springs and Bottled Waters of the World, 114.
p. 171
as ambassador to France: Arthur Von Wiesenberger, The Pocket Guide to Bottled Water (Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1991), 16.
p. 171
Vichy bottles were popular: Eric Thomas Jennings, Curing the Colonizers: Hydrotherapy, Climatology, and French Colonial Spas (Durham: Duke University Press, 2006), 207.
p. 171
Appollinaris became a favorite: Maureen P. Green and Timothy Green, The Best Bottled Waters in the World (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986), 69.
p. 171
his cherished Badoit water: Ibid., 10.
p. 172
former mayor of Vergèze: Ibid.
p. 172
chose to keep the Perrier name: Barry Fox, “Secrets of the Source,” New Scientist, Nov. 19, 1988, 47.
p. 172
Perrier when mixing whisky: Chapelle, Wellsprings, 15.
p. 172
“battles stomach problems”: Daniela Brignone, Ferrarelle: A Sparkling Italian Story (Schirmer Mosel: Widenmayerstr [Munich] 2001), 46.
p. 173
Germany more than 300 brands: Dooley Worth, “The Tasting of Waters,” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, June 2, 2002, 68.
p. 173
introduction of chlorine: Harlan Bengtson, “Water Chlorination History—The mid-1800s through the early 1900s,” Bright Hub, http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/civil/articles/77511.aspx>; Chapelle, Wellsprings, 15.
p. 173
“in their lawn mower”: “Bottled Water: A river of money,” MSN Money, http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/Investing/Extra/BottledWaterARiverOfMoney.aspx.
p. 174
largest advertising budget ever: Ibid.
p. 174
runners crossed the line: Nina Etkin, Foods of Association: Biocultural Perspectives on Foods and Beverages That Mediate Sociability (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2009), 189.
p. 174
more than three-hundred-fold: Paul Copley, Marketing Communications Management: Concepts and Theories, Cases and Practices (Burlington, MA: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinmann, 2004), 320.
p. 174
synonymous with bottled water: “Perrier Water,” Encyclopedia for Cooks (2012), http://www.practicallyedible.com/edible.nsf/pages/perrierwater.
p. 174
“an exercise and fitness orientation”: Wendy Weinstein, “Water, Water Everywhere,” Marketing Management 3 (1994), 4.
p. 175
confirmed benzene levels: George James, “Perrier Recalls Its Water in U.S. After Benzene Is Found in Bottles,” New York Times, Feb. 10, 1990.
p. 175
“.off market shelves for eleven weeks: Michael White, A Short Course in International Marketing Blunders (Petaluma, CA: World Trade Press, 2002), 18.
p. 175
the trendy Lutèce restaurant: James, “Perrier Recalls Its Water.”
p. 176
closely trailed by Danone: “The Global Bottled Water Market by Volume,” Global Water Intelligence 8, no. 7 (July 2007), http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/8/7/analysis/chart-of-the-month.html.
p. 176
opening about 1,500 bottles: Royte, Bottlemania, 42.
p. 176
fastest-growing drinks segment: Datamonitor, Global Bottled Water: Industry Profile (2004), 7.
p. 176
That figure has grown thirtyfold: Gleick, The World’s Water, 5.
p. 176
American drinks thirty gallons: Erik Olson, “Bottled Water: Pure Drink or Pure Hype?,” Natural Resources Defense Council, Apr. 1999, http://www.nrdc.org/water/drinking/bw/chap2.asp; Gleick, The World’s Water, 6.
p. 176
rarely or never drink tap: Annie Shuppy, “H2O U.,” Chronicle of Higher Education, Nov. 3, 2006.
p. 177
“every restaurant should be offering it”: William Orilio, “The Bottled Water Phenomenon,” eHotelier.com, http://ehotelier.com/hospitality-news/item.php?id=A514_0_11_0_M.
p. 177
“just nipping at you all the time”: Weinstein, “Water, Water Everywhere.”
p. 177
the brain behind Pet Refresh: Pet Refresh, http://petrefresh.com/press.htm.
p. 177
may be laughing all the way: Mihi Ahn, “Dogs lapping up specially bottled water,” Arizona Daily Star, May 2, 2004.
p. 178
“the price of wine, milk”: Olson, “Bottled Water,” quoting Gustave Leven, Chairman of the Board of Perrier, France.
p. 178
Coke and Pepsi take tap water: Gleick, The World’s Water, 80.
p. 179
snowcapped peaks closest to Ayer: Olson, “Bottled Water.”
p. 179
Pepsi agreed to change: “Aquafina Labels To Show Source: Tap Water,” CBS MoneyWatch, http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/07/27/business/main3105021.shtml. Prior to the change, the label stated, “Bottled at the source P.W.S.,” where consumers were supposed to understand that the acronym stood for “Public Water System.”
p. 179
“Nestlé isn’t saying”: Gleick, The World’s Water.
p. 180
“what the bottled water industry did”: “The Story of Bottled Water,” Food & Water Watch, http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/water/bottled.
p. 180
convenience, style, taste: See, e.g., Olson, “Bottled Water”; Robert E. Hurd, Consumer Attitude Survey on Water Quality Issues (Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, 1993), 19.
p. 180
does not leach into the liquid: Gleick, The World’s Water, 91.
p. 180
It revolutionized our industry: “Aqua Awards,” Beverage Industry 90 (Nov. 1999), quoting Kim Jeffery.
p. 181
“ice bruises the bubbles”: “Water, Water Everywhere,” Time, May 20, 1985.
p. 181
“the no-beverages section”: Bob
Condor, “Flooding the Market: Bottled Water to Be No. 2 U.S. Drink,” Chicago Tribune, Apr. 6, 2003, Q-9.
p. 181
“the nexus of pop-culture glamour”: Anna Lenzer, “Spin the Bottle,” Mother Jones (Sept.–Oct. 2009), 34.
p. 181
designing a water carafe: Gleick, The World’s Water, 147.
p. 181
provide counsel to diners: Brian C. Howard, “Message in a Bottle,” E–The Environment Magazine (Sept.–Oct. 2003), http://www.emagazine.com/view/?1125.
p. 181
“a sharp spritz”: Arthur von Wiesenberger, H2O: The Guide to Quality Bottled Water (Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1978), 11.
p. 182
ABC’s 20/20: Tom Standage, “Bad to the Last Drop,” New York Times, Aug. 1, 2005; John Stossel, “Is Bottled Water Better Than Tap?,” ABC 20/20, http://abcnews.go.com/2020/Health/story?id=728070&page=1; Gleick, The World’s Water, 80; “GMA: Water Taste Test,” Good Morning America, http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=126984&page=1.
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