69 Alejandro Álvaro Bremer, “El Embargo a Cuba: Un nudo gordiano,” Journal of Latin American Affairs (Miami), 4(1), (Spring/Summer, 1996), 5.
70 Walter Haubrich, “Glaubt Fidel Castro an Gott? Seltsame Dinge geschehen dieser Tage im atheistischen Kuba,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, January 17, 1998.
71 Volker Skierka, “Die Versöhnung der heiligen Väter,” Die Zeit, January 22, 1998.
72 Betto, pp. 139ff.
73 Ibid., p. 141.
74 Ibid., p. 271.
75 Ibid., pp. 271ff.
76 Ibid., pp. 124ff.
77 Ibid., p. 141.
78 Ibid., p. 123.
79 Ibid., p. 136.
80 Ibid., p. 140.
81 Ibid., pp. 137ff.
82 Ibid., p. 196.
83 Ibid., p. 169.
84 Ibid., p. 186.
85 Ibid., 181ff.
86 Margaret E. Crahan, “Fidel Castro, the Catholic Church and Revolution in Cuba,” in Dermat Keogh, Church and Politics in Latin America, p. 268.
87 Ibid., p. 253.
88 Ibid., p. 259.
89 Betto, pp. 206ff.
90 Furiati, ZR Rifle, pp. 37, 43.
91 Crahan, “Fidel Castro, the Catholic Church and Revolution in Cuba,” p. 268.
92 Ibid.
93 Ibid.
94 Betto, p. 194.
95 “Sufrida Iglesia aguarda al Papa,” El Nuevo Herald, December 21, 1997.
96 Ibid.
97 Betto, pp. 210ff.
98 Ibid., p. 33.
99 Crahan, “Fidel Castro, the Catholic Church and Revolution in Cuba,” p. 263.
100 Betto, p. 214.
101 Ibid.
102 Liss, Fidel!, p. 171.
103 “Fragmentos de documentos por los obispos cubanos durante las últimas cuatro décadas, en relación con la situación nacional,” El Nuevo Herald (Miami), December 21, 1997.
104 Betto, pp. 265ff.
105 Obispos Católicos de Cuba, Démonos fraternalmente la paz, http://www.nacub.org., Havana, November 1, 1997.
106 Elaine De Valle, “Cubanos tuvieron Nochebuena,” El Nuevo Herald, December 26, 1997.
107 “Visita papal será éxito,” El Nuevo Herald (Miami), December 17, 1997.
108 “Mensaje del Papa Juan Pablo II al pueblo cubano ante la proximidad de su visita y con ocasión de la fiesta de Navidas,” http://www.nacub.org., Vatican City, December 20, 1997.
109 Volker Skierka, “Die Versöhnung der heiligen Väter,” Die Zeit, January 22, 1998.
110 “Discurso en la Ceremonía de Llegada al Aeropuerto Internacional José Martí,” in http://www.nacub.org., La iglesia católica de Cuba/Visita Santo Padre/Discursos y Homilías de Su Santidad Juan Pablo II, Havana, January 21, 1998.
111 “Homilía pronunciada en la Celebración Eucarística en la Arquidiócesis de La Habana,” in http://www.nacub.org., La iglesia católica de Cuba/Visita Santo Padre/Discursos y Homilías de Su Santidad Juan Pablo II, Havana, January 25, 1998; quoted in English from Reynaldo González, “A Pope in the Land of the Orishas,” www.cubaupdate.org/art12.
112 “Homilía pronunciada en la Celebración Eucarística en la Arquidiócesis de La Habana,” in http://www.nacub.org., La iglesia católica de Cuba/Visita Santo Padre/Discursos y Homilías de Su Santidad Juan Pablo II, Havana, January 25, 1998.
113 “Palabras en la Ceremonía de despedida,” in http://www.nacub.org., La iglesia católica de Cuba/Visita Santo Padre/Discursos y Homilías de Su Santidad Juan Pablo II, Havana, January 25, 1998.
114 Volker Skierka, “Die Versöhnung der heilgen Väter,” Die Zeit, January 22, 1998.
115 Amnesty International Report 1999, http://www.amnesty.org.
116 Amnesty International, ai-Journal, May 1998, http://www.amnesty.de.
117 “Kuba zwischen Reformieren und Verharren,” Neue Zürcher Zeitung, June 23, 1998.
118 “One Small Chink in Cuba’s Prison Doors,” The Economist, February 21, 1998.
119 Amnesty International Report 1999, http://www.amnesty.org.
120 Jorge I. Domínguez, “Comienza una transición hacia el autoritarismo en Cuba?,” encuentro 6/7 (Madrid, 1997), 12.
121 Karen DeYoung, “For Dissidents in Cuba, a Lonely Crusade,” International Herald Tribune, July 18, 2000.
122 Leo Wieland, “Zaghafte Annäherungsversuche zwischen verhärteten Fronten: Castro und die Exilkubaner,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, July 8, 1995.
123 “Exile Leader Asks U.S. to Sever Ties with ‘Anti-Castro Industry,’” Miami Herald, November 11, 1997.
124 Eloy Gutiérrez Menoyo, “Alter Feind, neue Hoffnung,” Die Zeit, July 7, 1995.
125 Susanne Gratius, “‘Fin de siglo’ in Havanna – Kuba und das 9. Iberoamerikanische Gipfeltreffen,” Brennpunkt Lateinamerika, 22 (Hamburg, 1999), 24.
126 Wolf Grabendorff, “Algunas transiciones hacia la democracia en América Latina: elementos comparativos y tímidas lecciones,” encuentro 6/7 (Madrid, 1997), 63.
127 “Kuba zwischen Reformieren und Verharren,” Neue Zürcher Zeitung, June 23, 1998.
128 Jorge I. Domínguez, “Comienza una transición hacia el autoritarismo en Cuba?,” encuentro 6/7 (Madrid, 1997), 12.
129 Walter Haubrich, “Am Sozialismus wird nicht gerührt,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, May 4, 1996.
130 IRELA Dossier, 68 (see ch. 9, n. 14), 13.
131 Ibid., pp. 13ff.
132 Lola Galán, “El Papa reprende duramente a Castro por la falta de libertades,” El País, December 3, 1999.
133 Borge, Face to Face with Fidel Castro, p. 129.
134 Ibid., pp. 130ff.
135 Ibid., pp. 133ff.
136 Ibid., pp. 64ff.
137 Ibid., pp. 65ff.
138 Ibid., p. 69.
139 Liss, Fidel!, p. 131.
140 Amnesty International Report 2000, http://www.amnesty.org.
141 Alfred Herzka, “Cuba’s Prisons and Their Prisoners,” Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ Online English Window), October 11, 1999.
142 Juan Carlos I at the ninth Ibero–American Summit, author’s tape-recording, Havana, November 15–16, 1999.
143 Walter Haubrich, “Don Quijote der Geschichte,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, January 29, 2000.
Chapter 10 Don Quixote and History
1 Gabriel García Márquez, The General in His Labyrinth, London: Penguin, 1991, p. 8.
2 Márquez, “A Personal Portrait of Fidel,” in Fidel Castro, My Early Years, p. 21.
3 John F. Kennedy, The Strategy of Peace, p. 132.
4 See Peter Kornbluh (ed.), Kennedy and Castro: The Secret Quest for Accommodation, George Washington University/National Security Archive (NSA), Electronic Briefing Book No. 17, Washington, August 16, 1999, Digital National Security Archive: The Cuban Missile Crisis, http://38.202.78.21/introx.htm.
5 Márquez, “A Personal Portrait of Fidel,” in Fidel Castro, My Early Years, p. 22.
6 “Conversation with Federico Mayor Zaragoza,” p. 22 (see ch. 8, n. 92 above).
7 Szulc, Fidel, p. 149.
8 Pérez Jr, Between Reform and Revolution, p. 381.
9 Eric Williams, From Columbus to Castro: The History of the Caribbean 1492–1969, London, 1970, p. 486.
10 El Mercurio (Santiago de Chile), October 26, 1998.
11 Borge, Face to Face with Fidel Castro, pp. 170ff.
12 “Conversation with Federico Mayor Zaragoza,” p. 22 (see ch. 8, n. 92 above).
13 Ibid.
14 Carlos Lage in conversation with the author, Die Zeit, July 22, 1999.
15 “Conversation with Federico Mayor Zaragoza,” p. 4 (see ch. 8, n. 92 above).
16 Susanne Gratius, “Kuba 1999: Zwischen Repression und Agonie,” Brennpunkt Lateinamerikas 10 (May 28, 1999), 77.
17 Ibid., pp. 77ff.
18 Domínguez, “Comienza una transición hacia el autoritarismo en Cuba?,” encuentro, 6–7 (Madrid, 1997), 7ff.
19 Irving Louis Horowitz, “Castro and the End of Ideology,” North–South (
Miami), December 1993/January 1994, p. 8.
20 Geyer, Guerrilla Prince, pp. 77ff.
21 Borge, Face to Face with Fidel Castro, p. 178.
22 García Márquez, The General in His Labyrinth, p. 257.
Bibliography
1 Bibliographies, reference works, general literature on the history and contemporary reality of Cuba
Amnesty International Annual Report, London, 1990 – ongoing.
Brennpunkt Lateinamerika. Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Hamburg: Institut für Iberoamerika-Kunde.
Creutzmann, Sven, and Henky Hentschel, Salsa einer Revolution. Eine Liebeserklärung an Cuba zum 40. Geburtstag, Hamburg, 1999.
Cuba, la perla de las Antillas. Actas de las I Jornadas sobre “Cuba y su historia”, (eds) Consuelo Naranjo Orovio and Tomás Mallo Gutiérrez, Madrid, 1994.
Herzka, Alfred, Kuba. Abschied vom Kommandanten? Frankfurt/Main, 1998.
Hoffmann, Bert, Kuba, Munich, 2000.
Humboldt, Alexander von, Cuba-Werk, ed. and commentary by Hanno Beck, Darmstadt, 1992.
Kuba, Merian, 11/2000, Hamburg, 2000.
Lateinamerika Jahrbuch, Frankfurt/Main: Institut für Iberoamerika-Kunde (Hamburg), 1992.
La economía cubana. Reformas estructurales y desempeño en los noventa, Mexico City: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, 1997.
Las Casas, Bartolomé de, The Devastation of the Indies: A Brief Account, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
Manual de los partidos políticos de Américas Latina, Madrid: IRELA, 1997.
2 Fidel Castro
a) Works
Political, Economic and Social Thought of Fidel Castro, Havana, 1959.
Playa Girón: A Victory of the People, Havana, 1961.
Fanal Kuba. Reden und Schriften 1960–1962, with a preface by Blas Roca, Berlin, 1963.
La Historia me absolverá, Havana, 1967; History Will Absolve Me: The Moncada Trial Defence Speech, Santiago de Cuba October 16th 1953, London, 1968.
Revolutionary Struggle 1947–1958. Selected Works of Fidel Castro, Roland E. Bonachea and Nelson P. Valdés (eds), Cambridge, Mass., 1972.
Fidel en Chile. Textos completos de su diálogo con el pueblo, Santiago de Chile, 1972.
Informe del Comité Central del Partido Comunista Cubano al Primer Congreso, Havana, 1975.
La Revolución de Octubre y la Revolución Cubana, Havana, 1977.
El Pensamiento de Fidel Castro, 2 vols, Havana, 1983.
My Early Years, Melbourne/New York, 1998.
b) Speeches
Cuba’s Internationalist Foreign Policy. Speeches 1975–1980, New York, 1981.
“Discurso sobre Ernesto Guevara (18 de octubre de 1967),” Santa Clara: Islas 10(1), 1968, 5–18.
En la trinchera de la revolución: selección de discursos 7 de diciembre de 1989 a 7 de marzo de 1990, Havana, 1990.
El pueblo gobierna: discursos y comparencia en televisión; 6, 11 y 20 de febrero, 1 y 15 de marzo de 1993, Havana, 1993.
Esta tiene que ser la guerra económica de todo el pueblo: discurso, Período Ordinario de Sesiones de la Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular, 7, La Habana, 28/12/1984, Havana, 1985; This Must Be an Economic War of all the People: Speech, December 28, 1984, Havana, 1985.
Fidel en Brasil: selección de intervenciones 14 al 19 de marzo de 1990, Havana, 1990.
“Fidel habla del Che” (several contributions), Bohemia 62(41), 1970.
Fidel in Chile: A Symbolic Meeting between Two Historical Processes. Selected Speeches of Fidel Castro during His Visit to Chile, November 1971, New York, 1972.
In Defense of Socialism. Four Speeches on the 30th Anniversary of the Cuban Revolution, New York, 1989.
Kuba verteidigt entschlossen seine Revolution: Rede anlässlich des 30. Jahrestages des Sturms auf die Moncadakaserne, Berlin, 1983.
Nacimos para Vencer. Discurso en la clausura del VI congreso de la Federación de estudiantes de la Enseñanza Media, Havana, 1984; We Are Born to Overcome, Not To Be Overrum! [sic]: Close of 6th Congress of the Federation of Students Intermediate Education (FEEM), Havana, 1984.
Nuestro poder es el del pueblo trabajador. Acto de Constitución de la Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular de la República de Cuba, La Habana, 2.12.1976, Havana, 1976.
Palabras a los intelectuales, Havana, 1961.
Período Ordinario de Sesiones de la Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular, 2, La Habana, 28/12/1977, Havana, 1978.
“Rede Fidel Castros beim Trauerakt zu Ehren der in Grenada gefallenen Kubaner” (extracts), in Generalprobe Grenada: Augenzeugenberichte und Analysen, Werner Heiner et al. (eds), Hamburg, 1984, pp. 169–77.
So arbeitet und kämpft Kuba: Rede zum 28. Jahrestag des Sturms auf die Moncada-Kaserne, Berlin, 1981; 28th An[n]iversary of the Attack on the Moncada Garrison: Las Tunas, 26th of July 1981: Speech, Havana, 1981.
To Speak the Truth. Why Washington’s “Cold War” against Cuba Doesn’t End (with Che Guevara), New York, 1992.
Una batalla por nuestra dignidad y soberanía. Multitudinaria Concentración Conmemorativa por el Primero de Mayo, La Habana, 1.5.1980, Havana, 1980.
“Unsere Revolution kann sich weder verkaufen, noch sich ergeben,” in 19. Bundesdelegiertenkonferenz 19.–21. November 1993: Reader, Teil 1., Freundschaftsgesellschaft BRD-Kuba, Köln, Cologne, 1993, pp. 1–12.
War & Crisis in the Americas. Speeches 1984–1985, New York, 1985.
3 Personal Testimony
Betto, Frei, Fidel and Religion: Castro Talks on Revolution and Religion with Frei Betto, New York, 1987.
Castro, Fidel, Interview with the US news channel CNN, broadcast on September 13, 1998.
Conte Agüero, Luis, Cartas del Presidio, Havana, 1959.
Díaz, Regino, “The Unpayable Debt: An Interview with Fidel Castro,” in Susanne Jonas and Nancy Stein, eds, Democracy in Latin America: Visions and Realities, New York, 1990, pp. 117–43.
García Márquez, Gabriel, “A Personal Portrait of Fidel” (1987), in Fidel Castro, My Early Years, Melbourne/New York, 1998, pp. 13–25.
Interview für die mexikanische Zeitung Excelsior am 21. März 1985, Berlin, 1985.
López-Fresquet, Rufo, My 14 Months with Fidel Castro, New York, 1966.
“Materialien zur Revolution,” in Reden, Aufsätzen, Briefen von Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Régis Debray, Darmstadt, 1968.
Miná, Gianni, Un encuentro con Fidel. Entrevista realizada por Gianni Miná, Havana, 1987; An Encounter with Fidel: An Interview, Melbourne/New York, 1991.
4 On Fidel Castro
a) Monographs
Balfour, Sebastian, Castro, “Profiles in Power” series, London/New York, 1990.
Borge, Tomás, Face to Face with Fidel Castro, Melbourne, 1993.
Bourne, Peter G., Castro: A Biography of Fidel Castro, New York, 1986.
Casuso, Teresa, Cuba und Castro, Cologne, 1962.
Conte Agüero, Luis, Fidel Castro: Vida y obra, Havana, 1959.
Edwards, Jorge, Persona Non Grata: An Envoy in Castro’s Cuba, London, 1977.
Escalona, Roberto Luque, The Tiger and the Children: Fidel Castro and the Judgement of History, New Brunswick, 1992.
Fernández, Alina, Ich, Alina. Mein Leben als Fidel Castros Tochter, Reinbek, 1998.
Franqui, Carlos, The Twelve, New York, 1968.
Franqui, Carlos, Diary of the Cuban Revolution, New York, 1984.
Franqui, Carlos, Family Portrait with Fidel, New York, 1994.
Geyer, Georgie Anne, Guerrilla Prince: The Untold Story of Fidel Castro, Boston, 1991.
Huhn, Klaus, Compañero Castro: Auf Kubas steinigem Weg, with a preface by Eberhard Panitz, Berlin, 1996.
Liss, Sheldon B., Fidel! Castro’s Political and Social Thought, Latin American Perspectives series, Boulder, CO, 1994.
Lockwood, Lee, Castro’s Cuba, Cuba’s Fidel. An American Journalist’s Inside Look at Today’s Cuba – in Text and Picture, New York, 1969.
Lorenz, Marita, Marita: One Woman’s Extraordinary Tale of Lo
ve and Espionage from Castro to Kennedy (with Ted Schwarz), New York, 1993.
Martin, Lionel, The Early Fidel: Roots of Castro’s Communism, Secaucus, NJ, 1978.
Matthews, Herbert L., Fidel Castro: A Political Biography, London and New York, 1969.
Meneses, Enrique, Fidel Castro, London, 1968.
Oppenheimer, Andres, Castro’s Final Hour: The Secret Story behind the Coming Downfall of Communist Cuba, New York, 1993.
Pardo Llada, José, Fidel: de los jesuitas a la Moncada, Bogota, 1976.
Quirk, Robert E., Fidel Castro, New York, 1993.
Szulc, Tad, Fidel: A Critical Portrait, New York, 1986.
Thomas, Hugh, The Cuban Revolution, New York, 1977.
Timerman, Jacobo, Cuba: A Journey, New York, 1990.
b) Articles
Castro, Juana, “Mi hermano Fidel es un tirano,” Life en español, August 28, 1964.
Valdés, Nelson P., “Fidel Castro y la política estudiantil de 1947 a 1952,” Aportes 22 (Paris, 1971), 23–40.
5 On Ernesto Che Guevara
a) Monographs
Anderson, Jon Lee, Che: Che Guevara, a Revolutionary Life, New York, 1997.
Castañeda, Jorge G., Compañero. The Life and Death of Che Guevara, New York, 1997.
Deutschmann, David (ed.), Che en la memoria de Fidel Castro, with a preface by Jesús Montané, Melbourne, 1998.
James, Daniel, Che Guevara: A Biography, New York, 1969.
May, Elmar, Che Guevara, Reinbek, 1978.
Schnibben, Cordt, Ché und andere Helden, Hamburg, 1997.
b) Articles
Tablada, Carlos, “The Creativity of Che’s Economic Thought,” in Centro de estudios sobre América (Havana), (ed.), The Cuban Revolution into the 1990s: Cuban Perspectives, Boulder, CO, 1992, pp. 87–102.
Weiss, Peter, “Che Guevara,” Anales de la Universidad de Chile (Santiago de Chile), 126 (1968), pp. 5–11.
6 On the Cuban Revolution
a) Monographs and collections
Agüero, Conte, Cartas del Presidio, Havana, 1959.
Fidel Castro Page 49