The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich

by William Shirer

  Pomerania (Pomorze), 458, 460, 497, 625

  Popitz, Johannes, 373, 659, 670, 846fn., 904, 907, 908, 1017, 1023, 1072

  Porsche, Dr. Ferdinand, 266

  Portugal, 785, 788, 789, 792, 817

  Posen, 212, 458, 626, 659, 937–38, 944, 954, 966

  Potemkin, Vladimir, 482

  Potsdam, 3, 54–55, 166, 182, 196–97, 375, 413, 1072

  Pour le Mérite (Ger. decoration), 49

  Po Valley, 1107

  Prague, 332, 376–77, 383, 419, 420, 443–44, 446, 447fn., 448, 991, 992, 1064

  Pravda, 496

  Preuss, Hugo, 56fn., 241

  Preysing, Cardinal Count, 1048fn.

  Price, Ward, 280–81, 283

  Prien, Oberleutnant Guenther, 646

  Priess, Hermann, 1095fn.

  Priestley, J. B., 784

  Primo de Rivera, Miguel, 787, 788

  Prince of Wales (Br. battleship), 901fn.

  Prinz Eugen (Ger. hvy. cruiser), 914

  Pripet Marshes, 810, 811

  prisoners of war, 744, 854fn., 932, 940, 942fn., 946–47, 948, 949, 951–56, 969, 973, 979, 1029, 1086, 1095fn., 1100, 1105, 1114–15

  Progressive Party, 55–56

  Propaganda Ministry, 167, 196, 204, 244–45, 246, 247, 387, 636, 638, 1061, 1062–63, 1110, 1121–22, 1143; see also Goebbels

  Protestant Church, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 251

  Proust, Marcel, 241

  Prussia (kingdom), 92–98, 196–97, 236, 259, 1015, 1087

  Prussia (federal state), 154, 155, 159, 160, 165, 184, 186, 191, 200; see also East Prussia, West Prussia

  Pryor, Gen. W. W., 698–99

  Puaux, Gabriel, 334fn.

  Puch, 821

  Qattara Depression, 919

  Quisling, Maj. Vidkun Abraham Lauritz, 675–78, 701, 704, 705, 706, 709fn., 755fn.

  Raczyński, Count Edward, 551, 602

  radar, 775, 776, 781, 1007, 1037

  Raeder, Gr. Adm. Erich, 207, 214–15, 273, 305, 313, 314, 317, 321, 365, 401, 462, 484, 487, 488, 497, 515fn., 529fn., 622, 636–38, 646, 667, 670, 742, 873, 877, 878fn., 914, 915, 1080; naval building program, 281–82, 487, 622; Norway campaign, 674–79, 683, 696, 697fn., 710; Britain invasion plans, 752, 758–59, 763–68, 770, 771; urges concentration on Mediterranean area, 812–13, 818–21, 828–29, 912–13; urges attack on U.S. shipping, 879, 880, 882, 895, 901–2; ousted as Navy C. in C, 1000; sentenced at Nuremberg, 1143

  Ramsgate, 762, 763, 766, 767

  Rangsdorf, 1048, 1054–55, 1057, 1058

  Rapallo, 494

  Rascher, Dr. Sigmund, 984–90

  Rashid Ali, 828, 841

  Rassenkunde, 259; see also “master race” concept

  Rastenburg, E. Prussia, 101, 849, 863, 919, 920, 922, 925, 928, 932, 941, 998, 1001, 1002, 1004, 1010, 1015, 1020, 1026–27, 1034, 1058, 1062, 1066, 1069, 1070, 1075, 1077, 1080, 1107; attempt to assassinate Hitler at, 1045–57

  Rath, Ernst vom, 430–31

  Rathenau, Walther, 34, 51, 241, 245

  Rattenhuber, Oberfuehrer, 1049

  Raubal, Angela Hitler, 9, 131

  Raubal, Friedl, 131

  Kaubal, Geli, 9–10, 131, 132, 152, 153, 221, 223, 244fn., 1111

  Rauschning, Hermann, 169, 784

  Ravensbrueck, 272, 979, 989, 990, 992, 1025

  Réal, Jean, 105

  Reckse, Doctor, 1025

  Red, Case, 303

  Reed, Douglas, 784

  Regensburg, 71

  Regina Palace Hotel, Munich, 418

  Reich Broadcasting Corp., 247, 467fn.

  Reich Central Security Office, see R.S.H.A.

  Reich Chamber of Art, 244

  Reich Chamber of Culture, 241–44

  Reich Chamber of Films, 247

  Reich Chamber of Radio, 247

  “Reich Church,” 237, 238, 240

  Reich Committee of German Youth Associations, 252–53

  Reich Defense Council (Reichsverteidigungsrat), 208, 275, 281, 282, 290, 497–98

  Reich Defense Law, secret (May 31, 1935), 259, 285fn.

  Reich Economic Chamber, 262

  Reichenau, Field Marshal Walter von, 183, 325, 335, 626, 724, 725, 730, 755fn., 762, 763, 767, 861fn., 903fn.

  Reich Food Estate, 258

  Reich Governors, 200

  Reich Music Chamber, 242

  Reich Press Chamber, 246

  Reich Press Law (Oct. 4, 1933), 245

  Reichsbank, 145, 146, 204, 260, 261, 311, 351–52, 439fn., 973–74

  Reichsbanner, 160

  Reichsgericht (Ger. Supreme Court), 269

  Reichsgesetzblatt (official gazette), 434

  Reichskriegsflagge, 71, 72

  Reichsrat, 153, 198

  Reichstag, 95, 151, 153, 163, 173, 174, 176, 180, 194, 318, 560; Nazi representation in, 118, 119, 123, 138, 146, 148, 149, 166, 172, 186, 196; Nazi program in, 127, 144, 162, 167, 184, 196–201, 229, 237; dissolutions of, 137, 155, 161, 164–65, 170–72, 179, 181, 189, 294fn.; elections of, 138, 166, 172, 211, 237, 347; Goebbels expelled from, 157; support of Hitler-Papen govt., 182, 197–201, 210, 274; votes Hitler absolute power, 867; Hitler speeches in, 213, 234, 291, 562–63, 828, 834; repudiation of Versailles Treaty, 299, 300; on peace, 209, 280, 285, 290, 470–76, 641–42, 752–55, 761, 762; on 1934 purge, 220, 223, 224, 226, 268; on Anschluss, 348, 349; on Czech invasion, 365; on beginning of Polish war, 598–600, 603, 604; on war with U.S., 895–900; on annihilation of Jews, 964

  Reichstag fire, 146, 191–95, 196, 223, 269, 274, 653, 654

  Reich Statistical Office, 264

  Reichswehr, 33, 34, 46, 60; becomes Wehrmacht, 285fn.; see also Army, German

  Reich Theater Chamber. 242–43

  Reichwein, Adolf, 1044, 1072

  Reims, 1093, 1138–39, 1141

  Reinberger, Maj. Helmut, 671–72

  Reinecke, General, 1063, 1065

  Reinhardt, Gen. Georg-Hans, 724, 731, 859

  Reinhardt, Max, 242

  Reitlinger, Gerald, 970, 973, 978, 1025fn.

  Reitsch, Hanna, 1111, 1118–19, 1120, 1122, 1133

  Remagen, 1101

  Remarque, Erich Maria, 241

  Remer, Maj. Otto, 1061–66, 1069

  Rennes, 1037

  Renthe-Fink, Cecil von, 700

  reparations, German, World War I, 51, 58, 61, 64, 112, 117, 136, 137, 152, 154, 943

  Republican Party (U.S.), 748

  Repulse (Br. battleship), 901fn.

  Reuben James (U.S. destroyer), 883

  Reuters, 1122

  Reventlow, Count Ernst zu, 123

  Reynaud, Paul, 720, 726, 729, 738

  Rheydt, 124

  Rhine river, 634, 646, 723, 738, 1088–89, 1090, 1095, 1099, 1101, 1102, 1105

  Rhineland, remilitarization of, 211, 282, 286, 290–96, 299, 302, 327, 378, 459, 530, 543, 635, 657, 714

  Rhone Valley, 691, 740, 1086

  Ribbentrop, Gertrud von, 1056fn.

  Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 233, 276, 302, 381, 406fn., 435fn., 507, 556–57, 560, 595fn., 596fn., 620, 672, 676, 741, 742, 751fn., 814, 924, 955, 1017fn., 1097, 1112, 1113, 1126, 1142–43; personal characteristics, 181, 298, 415, 436; ambassador to Britain, 288, 298, 335, 344–45; appointed Foreign Min., 319; and Goering, mutual dislike, 298, 469, 483, 1056; at Hitler-Schuschnigg meeting, 328, 347; and Czechoslovakia, 360, 364, 365, 376, 377, 405, 408, 409, 421, 429, 439–42, 444, 446–47, 449, 451–52; at Hitler-Chamberlain talks, 385, 396; pact with France, 437; negotiations with Poland, 455–57, 459, 460–61, 463–64, 499, 588; rejects British, French protests on Memel, 461–62; talks with Duce, Ciano on war co-operation, 436, 482–83, 508–10, 512, 548, 551–55, 564, 566, 687–90, 816, 821, 845, 910, 923; negotiations with U.S.S.R., 491, 492, 500, 501, 505, 513–14, 520–28, 531, 535fn., 537–41, 545, 547, 609, 621–22, 627, 629–31, 639, 674, 793–95, 801–9, 847–49; negotiations with West on Poland, 562, 570fn., 576–78, 580–83, 585fn., 586–89, 591, 602, 605–7, 613; relations with U.S., 637, 683, 686, 748, 871, 881–96 pa
ssim, 897fn.; rejects British, French ultimatums, 615–18; relations with Norway, Denmark, 696–98, 703, 704, 706; Windsor kidnap plot, 785–91; dealings in Balkans, 795, 800, 801, 823–24; declaration of war on U.S.S.R., 848–49; relations with Japan, 871–72, 874–78, 881–96; declaration of war on U.S., 900

  Riccione, 851

  Richardson, William, 852fn., 912

  Richthofen Fighter Squadron, 49

  Rickenbacker, Eddie, 684

  Riess, Curt, 1063fn.

  Riga, 794, 967

  Rintelen, General von, 825

  Rio de Janeiro (Ger. transport), 695

  Riom trial, 609fn.

  Ripka, Herbert, 390

  Ritter, Gerhard, 1046fn.

  Riviera, French, 740, 1086

  Robeson, Paul, 784fn.

  Robin Moor (U.S. freighter), 882

  Rocca delle Caminate, 1005

  Rockefeller, John D., 688

  Roehm, Ernst, 4, 39, 46, 63, 120, 155, 159, 160, 313, 317, 371, 691, 834; background, 38; with Goering, organizes S.S., 49; in Beer Hall Putsch, 66, 71, 73, 75; break with Hitler (1925), 118; returns to party, heads S.A., S.S., 146–48; contact with Schleicher, 152, 161, 216; friendship with Hitler, 207, 216; named to Cabinet, 208; rift with Hitler over radicalism, 204–8, 213–17; purged, 219–22, 224–26, 273, 1056–57

  Roenne, Colonel Freiherr von, 1030

  Roepke, Wilhelm, 95, 99fn., 251

  Rokossovski, Gen. Konstantin, 929

  Roman Catholic Church, 23, 24, 55–56, 61, 64, 92, 119, 157, 166, 201, 234–35, 237–40, 326, 332, 341, 350, 355, 370, 374, 1048, 1060fn.

  Roman Empire, 104, 106, 305

  Rome, 436, 450, 469–70, 746, 910, 996, 1001, 1002, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1036

  Rome–Berlin Axis, 298, 301, 324, 353, 478–79, 482–84, 491, 508, 547, 665–66, 800

  Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin, 724, 999, 1000, 1085; in N. Africa, 827–29, 902, 911–15, 919–22, 934; in anti-Hitler plot, 1030–32, 1041–42, 1047, 1076–80; in Normandy, 1036–42; urges Hitler seek peace, is cashiered, 1039–41; wounded in air attack, 1041–42, 1047; suicide and funeral, 1078–80

  Rommel, Frau, 1031, 1078–79

  Rommel, Manfred, 107, 8

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., 435fn., 544 fn., 684fn., 686fn., 688, 815fn., 827fn.,’ 828, 829, 871, 872, 874, 887, 888, 894–95, 907; peace efforts, 209–10, 400, 469–75, 508fn., 560–61, 574, 683, 684, 687, 714, 749; recalls ambassador, 433fn., 685; negotiations with Japanese, 873fn., 884–87, 892; Nazi gibes at, 470–75, 875fn., 897–900; Atlantic naval policy, 877fn., 880–82; war aims, 904, 1033fn.; death of, delights Nazis, 1110

  Rosen, Count Eric von, 49

  Rosenberg, Alfred, 39, 67, 73, 97, 108, 118, 122, 123, 149, 154, 236, 240, 253, 276, 835; background, 48–49; contact with Quisling, 676–78; and German occupation of Eastern Europe, 832–34, 939–42, 947–48, 952–53; plunder of art treasures, 945–46; Nuremberg trial and execution, 1142–43

  Rosenman, Samuel I., 897fn.

  Ross, Colin, 683fn.

  Rossbach, Lieutenant, 66

  Rosterg, August, 144

  Rostock, Capt. Max, 992

  Rostov, 859, 860–61, 865, 916, 928, 952

  “Rote Kapelle,” 1043fn.

  Rothschild, Baron Louis de, 351

  Rotterdam, 721, 722–23, 769

  Rovno, 841

  Royal Oak (Br. battleship), 646

  R.S.H.A. (Reichssicherheitshauptamt, Reich Central Security Office), 782–84, 958, 1024, 1026, 1063; see also S.D.

  rubber, synthetic, 282, 301, 840

  Ruegen, 266

  Ruge, Colonel, 704, 708, 709

  Ruhr, 61–65, 112, 282, 301, 486, 517fn., 634, 635, 645, 793, 1088–89, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1102, 1105

  Rumania, 283, 399–400, 530, 626, 799, 817, 823, 824, 909; relations with France, Britain, 295, 426–27, 469, 495; policy toward U.S.S.R., 478, 495, 534, 538fn.; Hungary takes Transylvania from, 800–1; Nazi–Soviet struggle for control of, 541, 609, 610, 632, 794, 795, 797, 800–1, 803–8, 810, 811, 815, 817, 820, 822, 823, 839, 842, 845, 847, 858; Nazi driven out by Red Army, 1007, 1085, 1098

  Rumanian Army, 869, 911, 915, 926, 928, 932

  Runciman, Lord, 376–77, 386, 388–89, 392, 416

  Rundfunkhaus, see Broadcasting House

  Rundstedt, Field Marshal Gerd von, 165, 293, 355, 747, 757fn.; relieved of commands (four times), 318–19, 861, 865, 903fn., 1041, 1099; in Polish invasion, 488, 497; in Battle of France, 718, 726, 731–34; named Field Marshal, 755fn.; Britain invasion plan, 761, 762; Russian campaign, 830, 853, 855, 858–61, 865, 903fn.; and anti-Hitler plotters, 906, 1030, 1032; C. in C. West, 906, 918, 922, 923, 1036–41, 1086, 1087, 1089–91, 1094; sacked again, 1099

  Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria, 46fn., 63, 67, 72–73, 371

  Russell, Bertrand, 100fn., 784

  Russian Air Force, 502fn., 855, 926, 1053, 1100

  Russian Army, 502fn., 534, 797, 810, 811, 822; invades Poland, 627, 628; attacks Finland, 675 (see also Finland; Russo–Finnish War); seizes Baltic States, 794; takes over Bessarabia, Bucovina, 795; war with Germany, 852, 854, 855, 857, 859–60, 862–65, 869, 886, 909, 915, 939, 973, 1000, 1006–7, 1033, 1036, 1041, 1042, 1046, 1085, 1090, 1096, 1097, 1105, 1107, 1120; at Stalingrad, 915, 922, 926–33; meets Americans at Elbe, 1106, 1107, 1112; Battle of Berlin, 1106, 1108, 1112, 1117, 1118, 1129, 1130, 1132, 1134–36

  Russo–Finnish War, 665–66, 668–69, 675, 676, 682, 683

  Russo-Japanese neutrality pact, 876–77

  Rust, Bernhard, 127, 248–49

  Ruthenia, 440, 443, 449–50

  Rzhev, 868

  S.A. (Sturmabteilung, storm troopers or Brownshirts), 3, 4–5, 143, 146–48, 154, 159–60, 167, 169, 176, 183, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 199, 202fn., 237, 249, 263, 270, 271, 273, 1081; beginnings of, 38, 42–43, 49; and Beer Hall Putsch, 66–71; conflict with Army, 120, 143, 204–8, 213–16, 226, 317; Bruening’s ban on, 160–65; Hitler’s suppression of, 215, 217, 219–26; role in Austrian Anschluss, 327, 351

  Saalfelden, 529fn.

  Saar, 283, 286, 568, 569, 738, 1095, 1101

  Saarbruecken, 291fn., 435

  Sachsenhausen, 238, 239, 270, 272, 352, 655

  Sack, Dr. Carl, 140

  Saefkow, Anton, 1044

  St.-Germain, 1077

  St.-Germain, Treaty of, 41, 347

  St-Hardouin, Jacques Tarbé de, 506

  St.-Lô, 1076

  St.-Omer, 728, 731

  St. Stephen’s Cathedral, Vienna, 19, 338, 350

  St. Wolfgang, 509

  Sakhalin, 809

  Salerno, 1002

  Salonika, 823

  Salzburg, 8, 27fn., 325, 330, 333, 337, 348, 350, 509, 546, 552, 910–11, 928, 995

  Sammler, Rudolf, 1064fn.

  San river, 541, 626, 629, 631

  Sandomierz, 626

  Sanger, Margaret, 241

  San Remo, 440

  Santayana, George, 100

  Sarajevo, 826

  Sardinia, 1003

  Sas, Col. J. G., 694, 715–16

  Saturday, Hitler’s “surprise day,” 284, 300fn.

  Sauckel, Fritz, 948fn., 951, 1142–43

  Sauerbruch, Dr. Ferdinand, 251, 979fn., 1025, 1029

  Saxony, 65, 363

  Scapa Flow, 646

  Schacht, Dr. Hjalmar H. G., 112, 145–46, 167, 189–90, 229, 351–52, 427, 918fn., 1073–74, 1115, 1142–43; plans for war economy, 259–61, 275, 285fn.; out of war economy post, 310–11, 320; in anti-Hitler conspiracy, 373, 405, 411–13, 517, 558, 560, 650, 659, 907

  “Schaemmel, Major,” 653