Joseph E. Persico

by Roosevelt's Secret War: FDR;World War II Espionage

  Wild Bill was awarded: ibid., pp. 63–70.

  After the war Donovan: ibid., p. 70; Gentry, p. 134.

  He was first drawn: Gentry, p. 134; Robin W. Winks, Cloak and Gown, p. 65.

  “a common mick”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 86.

  “The law is the law… .”: ibid.

  In 1924, Donovan was promoted: Miller, p. 240.

  Donovan was pulled under: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 121.

  Thus far, in their marriage: ibid., p. 78.

  “He was soft-spoken… .”: Joseph E. Persico, Piercing the Reich, p. 6.

  “The spy is as old as history… .”: Phillip Knightley, The Second Oldest Profession, p. 3.

  “One good spy is worth… .”: ibid.

  “dos’d themselves… .”: Andrew, p. 6.

  “immediate and pressing Duties.”: ibid., p. 7.

  “to establish a secret correspondence… .”: ibid.

  President Abraham Lincoln: Knightley, p. 3.

  The Confederates employed women: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen, Spy Book, p. 566.

  Sir Francis developed an organization: ibid., p. 589.

  England’s lead in entering: Knightley, pp. 3–4.

  America’s Office of Naval Intelligence: Polmar and Allen, Spy Book, p. 30.

  “Gentlemen do not read… .”: ibid., pp. 606–607.

  By the 1930s: Andrew, p. 92.

  “a real undercover… .”: ibid.

  “I could never really understand… .”: Sherwood, p. 882.

  Secretary of State Hull might not: Jim Bishop, FDR’s Last Year, p. 90.

  “You are one of the most difficult… .”: Robert Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932–1945, p. vii.

  “cryptic giant”: John Gunther, Roosevelt in Retrospect, p. 146.

  “Later, as the psychologists… .”: ibid.

  “[H]e simply liked mystery… .”: ibid., p. 50.

  “Roosevelt had the courage of a lion… .”: ibid.

  “[A]lthough crippled physically… .”: Sherwood, p. 882.

  The President ate heartily: Goodwin, pp. 202–203.

  chapter vii: spies versus ciphers

  “seems to those of us… .”: William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, p. 843.

  They had worked out a system: ibid.

  In early August 1940: James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, pp. 71–72.

  “grasp of world politics… .”: Shirer, p. 843.

  Then his informant gave him: F. H. Hinsley, British Intelligence in the Second World War, vol. 1, p. 444.

  They were, the bureau reported back: Shirer, p. 843.

  FDR chose to be direct: ibid., p. 842.

  “Mr. Ourmansky turned… .”: ibid., p. 843.

  He called Hans Thomsen: David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War, p. 38.

  On April 3, Churchill asked Cripps: Shirer, p. 843; Phillip Knightley, The Second Oldest Profession, p. 195.

  On May 15, Sorge cabled: Lyman B. Kirkpatrick Jr., Captains Without Eyes, p. 62.

  The Soviets’ best source in Switzerland: ibid., p. 61.

  “who has a record… .”: PSF, May 16, 1941, Carter to FDR.

  “The Germans are reported confident… .”: ibid.; Bradley F. Smith, Sharing Secrets with Stalin, p. 14.

  “any statement Churchill might make… .”: Joseph P. Lash, Roosevelt and Churchill, p. 356.

  “Not at all. I have only… .”: ibid., p. 357; Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 6, p. 1119.

  “Nazi Germany as the dominant power… .”: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 95.

  Therefore, Russia had to try: ibid.

  Within three hours Stalin: Kirkpatrick, p. 66.

  For several days: Dmitri Volkogonov, Stalin, p. 409.

  Magic meant, once again: Christopher Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only, p. 105.

  But who should deliver: Roberta Wohlstetter, Pearl Harbor, p. 176.

  Intelligence that could determine: Andrew, p. 108.

  The inanity increased in July 1941: Gordon Prange, At Dawn We Slept, p. 119.

  He determined who got to see FDR.: Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 207.

  When Colonel Bratton informed: Andrew, p. 109; Prange, p. 119.

  Fearing to contradict: Andrew, p. 109.

  “[F]ather summoned me… .”: James Roosevelt, My Parents, p. 258.

  “This must be completely confidential… .”: ibid.

  “would do everything he could …”: ibid.

  “Hang on until we get in”: ibid.

  “If you speak publicly of it… .”: ibid.

  “First, I told him… .”: Andrew, pp. 104, 107, 108.

  “the product of a mind… .”: ibid., p. 108.

  The Japanese had reason to believe: Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes, p. 473.

  “As communicated to me… .”: ibid., pp. 473–74.

  “I have discovered that the United States… .”: Andrew, p. 109.

  They continued to send: Farago, p. 474.

  And because the Japanese: Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, p. 265.

  “There is more reason… .”: Andrew, p. 110.

  After hurried consultations: ibid., p. 111.

  The Prime Minister grabbed: F. W. Winterbotham, The Ultra Secret, p. 46; Jeffrey M. Dorwart, Conflict of Duty, p. 16.

  The Germans calculated: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen, Spy Book, pp. 192–93; David Kahn, Seizing the Enigma, p. 68.

  The British quickly took the lead: Winterbotham, p. 31.

  Among Turing’s associates were: Polmar and Allen, Spy Book, p. 74.

  Ultra was the designation: Winterbotham, p. 46.

  Eventually, over a thousand: Polmar and Allen, Spy Book, p. 80.

  So paramount was secrecy: ibid., p. 74.

  Churchill demanded to see: Winterbotham, p. 189.

  What doomed Coventry was: Nigel West, A Thread of Deceit, pp. 10–17; David Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service, pp. 194, 195; Christopher Andrew and David Dilks, The Missing Dimension, p. 149.

  In exchange, their Bletchley counterparts: Andrew, p. 107.

  “were not as security minded… .”: John Costello, Days of Infamy, p. 305.

  “divulging to the President… .”: ibid.

  “devise any safe means… .”: ibid.

  Britain’s eavesdropping on a friend: Andrew, p. 107.

  chapter viii: donovan enters the game

  “collect and analyze all information and data”: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen, Spy Book, p. 135.

  “to carry out when requested… .”: ibid., p. 135n189.

  Ignoring civil service… .: Ray S. Cline, Secrets, Spies and Scholars, p. 42.

  Conyers Read: Stanley Lovell, Of Spies and Stratagems, p. 183.

  “It is a curious fact… .”: Cline, p. 41.

  Gregg Toland: Ephraim Katz, The Film Encyclopedia, 3d ed., 1998, pp. 435–36.

  “All who knew him and worked… .”: Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover, p. 135.

  After only three weeks: Thomas F. Troy, Donovan and the CIA, p. 110.

  The bureau initially earmarked: Nathan Miller, Spying for America, p. 243.

  payroll of ninety-two employees: Polmar and Allen, Spy Book, p. 135.

  Within months the staff: Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero, p. 174.

  Most of his funds were: ibid.

  His staff first occupied: Cline, p. 42.

  It was equipped with air conditioning: ibid., p. 57.

  “closely resembled a cat house… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 174.

  As Life magazine put it: Troy, Donovan and the CIA, p. 94.

  He pressured the Bureau of the Budget: Brown, The Last Hero, pp. 175–77.

  He was further preparing to conduct: PSF Box 128; Bradley F. Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 93.

  “This seems to be a matter… .”: M 1642, Reel 22, Frame 425.

  “making the American people ripe… .”: PSF Box 128.<
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  “… [S]ince the appearances of articles in… .”: ibid.

  “Roosevelt has named the Colonel… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 166.

  “Mr. Donovan is now head of the Gestapo… .”: ibid., p. 791.

  When he took his complaints: Gentry, p. 135.

  “I stopped him from becoming AG… .”: ibid., p. 148.

  A full year before: Leslie B. Rout Jr. and John F. Bratzel, The Shadow War, p. 37.

  Well before Donovan signed up: Gentry, p. 264.

  Running this worldwide network: ibid.

  “[H]e goes to the White House… .”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 159.

  “more of a spoiled child… .”: ibid.

  The FBI still controlled: Phillip Knightley, The Second Oldest Profession, pp. 32–35.

  The penetration was so complete: Robert Louis Benson and Michael Warner, eds., VENONA, pp. 15–16.

  These triumphs, which Hoover described: Charles Wighton and Gunter Peis, Hitler’s Spy and Saboteurs, p. 17.

  “[A] thing like that ought not be given… .”: Athan Theoharis, ed., From the Secret Files of J. Edgar Hoover, p. 333.

  “Anything that I said… .”: ibid., pp. 331–34.

  Astor’s conversations with the director: ibid., p. 330.

  “most dangerous file clerk”: NYT, Sept. 15, 1991.

  “Roosevelt’s folly”: Miller, p. 244.

  “There was no indication… .”: Adolf Berle Papers, Box 213, FDRL.

  “into the entire motion picture industry… .”: ibid.

  “what you ought to do… .”: Troy, Donovan and the CIA, p. 163.

  “It appears that some question… .”: POF Box 4485.

  “Wild Bill’s face got red …”: Ernest B. Furgurson, “Back Channels,” Washingtonian, vol. 31 (June 1996).

  chapter ix: “our objective is to get america into the war”

  “The heat in Washington… .”: Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, p. 262.

  Washington mythology had it: David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War, p. 23.

  “There was nothing… .”: Goodwin, p. 262.

  “told me that he was going… .”: ibid.

  Getting a man confined to a wheelchair: Gordon Prange, December 7, 1941, p. 16.

  “As Mr. Roosevelt made his first turn… .”: Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief, p. 32.

  Steaming toward the Augusta: Goodwin, p. 264.

  “To some of my very pointed questions… .”: Irwin F. Gellman, Secret Affairs, p. 257.

  “reasonably longer distances… .”: PSF Box 59.

  Elliott, the first Roosevelt son: Current Biography 1946 (New York: Wilson 1947), p. 516.

  His metal leg braces: William Doyle, Inside the Oval Office, p. 7.

  As Churchill strode up the gangway: Suckley, Binder 20, p. 61.

  Starling’s impersonation was the first time: John Gunther, Roosevelt in Retrospect, p. 45; Grace Tully, F.D.R., My Boss, p. 247.

  “We have all been laughing… .”: Suckley, Binder 20, p. 57c.

  “magnificent presence in all his youth… .”: Warren F. Kimball, The Juggler: Franklin Roosevelt as Wartime Statesman, p. 355.

  He subsequently held: Goodwin, p. 33.

  He took to soldiering: John Charmley, Churchill, p. 141.

  “I am so devoured by egoism”: ibid.

  “I don’t like standing near the edge… .”: Lord Moran, Churchill: Taken from the Diaries of Lord Moran, p. 179.

  She was genteel, prudish: Suckley Papers, Wilderstein.

  “He is a tremendously vital person… .”: Suckley, Binder 20, p. 61.

  “… [A]ll that was romantic in [Churchill]… .”: David Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service, p. 6.

  “free exchange of intelligence”: ibid., p. 200.

  “Are we going to throw all our secrets …?”: ibid.

  “I simply have not got enough Navy… .”: Goodwin, p. 265.

  “the wrong war… .”: ibid.

  Their first objective: Gellman, p. 258.

  Roosevelt and Churchill had agreed: Frank Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt, p. 387.

  These goals were to follow: Goodwin, p. 266.

  Britain’s sea losses: David Grubin Productions, “FDR,” The American Experience, PBS.

  1“Our objective is to get the Americans… .”: Thomas F. Troy, Wild Bill and Intrepid, pp. 63, 229; Troy, The Coordinator of Information and British Intelligence, p. 88.

  “was obviously determined to come in… .”: Freidel, p. 387.

  Three weeks after the Atlantic conference: Gellman, p. 257.

  The U-boat’s captain: Jeffrey M. Dorwart, The Office of Naval Intelligence, p. 258.

  The Greer then fired several depth charges: James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 139.

  Since the U-boat had remained: Gellman, p. 259.

  When her sister was stranded in Europe: Gunther, pp. 162–63.

  The loss of his mother: Robert Thompson, A Time for War, p. 353.

  Wearing a light gray seersucker suit: Burns, p. 140.

  “The United States destroyer Greer. . . .”: ibid.

  “It is clear… .”: Gellman, p. 354.

  He meant that American warships: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 141.

  “… [W]hen you see a rattlesnake poised… .”: ibid.

  “to subvert the government …”: Christopher Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only, p. 102.

  “Hitler will have to choose… .”: Thompson, p. 355.

  “There is no longer any difference… .”: ibid.

  Six weeks later, on October 27: Tully, p. 33.

  On the dais, the President: Thompson, pp. 356–57.

  The President seized on the incident: Nathan Miller, Spying for America, p. 246.

  “We have wished to avoid shooting… .”: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 147.

  “Hitler has often protested… .”: Thompson, p. 357.

  “a principal agent for Germany… .”: Leslie B. Rout Jr. and John F. Bratzel, The Shadow War, pp. 32–33.

  An MI6 report: ibid., pp. 26–27.

  The American military, at that point: Miller, p. 229.

  “has on it certain manuscript notations… .”: Thompson, pp. 357–58.

  Wheeler’s suspicions: William Stevenson, A Man Called Intrepid, p. 299.

  “Where did it originate?”: ibid., p. 298.

  The map’s provenance: Thompson, p. 359; Stevenson, p. 297.

  Sandstede, however, was not murdered: Thompson, p. 358.

  “Air Traffic Grid of the United States …”: ibid., pp. 358–59; Troy, The Coordinator, p. 149.

  The letter from the Bolivian attaché: Andrew, p. 102.

  “manufacturing documents detailing… .”: Thompson, p. 360.

  The answer clearly lies: Goodwin, p. 282.

  The truth was that since June 1941: F. H. Hinsley, British Intelligence in the Second World War, vol. 2, p. 174.

  Further, Hitler had not: Thompson, p. 244.

  On November 8, after a close House tally: Goodwin, p. 283.

  That same month a Gallup poll: Gellman, p. 252.

  “German and Russian militarism… .”: Bradley F. Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 87.

  FDR’s least recognized agent: Jeffrey M. Dorwart, Conflict of Duty, p. 168.

  Within days, he delivered: Wayne S. Cole, Charles A. Lindbergh and the Battle Against American Intervention in World War II, p. 131.

  Lindbergh, the President explained: ibid.

  “about the whole problem… .”: Dorwart, Conflict of Duty, pp. 168–69.

  “Conditions both within and without… .”: The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 1, February 14, 1941–May 12, 1941, p. A-12.

  “There are still Japanese… .”: PSF Box 84.

  But American-born Japanese: ibid.

  “Your reporter … is horrified… .”: ibid.

  “[I]mmediate arrests may be required.”: PSF Box 97.

  If negotiations between
America: Hinsley, vol. 2, p. 76.

  Within the War Department: Charles Higham, American Swastika, p. 135.

  Officers who thought: FBI Report, Dec. 5, 1941.

  “Aren’t you afraid of delivering …?”: Higham, p. 140.

  “a right to know… .”: ibid.

  “Wedemeyer spent two years in Germany… .”: FBI Report, Dec. 5, 1941.

  “the greatest mind… .”: Higham, American Swastika, p. 141.

  FDR’S WAR PLANS!: ibid.

  “… President Roosevelt calls… .”: ibid., pp. 141–42.

  “What would you think …?”: ibid., pp. 144–45.

  chapter x: catastrophe or conspiracy

  “Mr. President, it looks as if… .”: William Doyle, Inside the Oval Office, p. 35.

  “My God, there’s another wave… .”: ibid.

  “His chin stuck out… .”: ibid.

  “… [W]e received indications… .”: ibid., p. 36.

  “… [T]hey were to agree to cease… .”: ibid.

  “equalled only by the Japanese… .”: ibid.

  “It looks as if out of eight… .”: ibid., p. 37.

  “demonstrated that ultimate capacity… .”: ibid., p. 38.

  Senator Tom Connally of Texas: ibid., p. 39.

  “They will never be able… .”: Ronald H. Spector, Eagle Against the Sun, p. 93.

  “… If there is anyone I… .”: Jeffrey M. Dorwart, Conflict of Duty, p. 172.

  He had summoned the COI chief: Day-by-Day, Dec. 8, 1941.

  “Colonel William Donovan, come… .”: Thomas F. Troy, Donovan and the CIA, p. 116.

  Stacks of books: Doyle, p. 26; John Gunther, Roosevelt in Retrospect, p. 362.

  Gathering dust in one corner: Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, pp. 203–204.

  Removed from the President’s desk: Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, p. 289; Sherwood, p. 430.

  “Never have I seen one… .”: Joseph E. Persico, Edward R. Murrow, p. 194.

  “We’re all in the same boat now”: ibid.

  “They caught our ships like lame ducks! …”: Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero, p. 6.

  Nearly 350 planes had been destroyed: Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief, pp. 168–69.

  “They caught our planes … !”: Persico, Edward R. Murrow, p. 194.

  “It’s a good thing… .”: Troy, Donovan and the CIA, p. 116.

  “A member of my Embassy… .”: The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 1, February 14, 1941–May 12, 1941, p. 5.

  “Indications seem to be… .”: ibid.

  “that adoption and application… .”: Larrabee, p. 84.