Joseph E. Persico
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Finland had dropped out: Robert Louis Benson, A History of U.S. Communications Intelligence During World War II, p. xviii.
Consequently, he recommended: Bradley F. Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 353.
He instructed Tikander to proceed: Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, KGB, p. 284; Warner and Benson, p. 9; Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 353.
“I wanted you to know… .”: PSF Box 151.
Though Donovan had tried to limit: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, pp. 353–54.
“… [W]e had taken advantage… .”: PSF Box 49.
Of course, Fitin replied: Andrew and Gordievsky, p. 285.
Donovan’s aide Ned Putzell: Bradley F. Smith, Sharing Secrets with Stalin, p. 233.
For their part, American cryptanalysts: Warner and Benson, p. 9.
The Russian codes sold: ibid., p. 10.
However, Putzell: interview, Erwin J. “Ned” Putzell, Nov. 29, 1999.
Neither the archives of the OSS: Smith, Sharing Secrets, p. 233.
For Stalin to suspect: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 355.
“[W]ith all the tremendous burdens… .”: PSF Box 131.
Roosevelt handed the task over: PSF Earle.
“My dear Mr. President, Turkey… .”: ibid.
“Eighty million Germans… .”: ibid.
“There is no vacancy… .”: ibid.
He fired off a warning to the President: MR Box 164.
“The fact that this raiding… .”: James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 73; MR Box 19.
Casualties from the V-1s: David Irving, The Mare’s Nest, p. 295.
On December 7, Leahy carried: MR Box 20.
Leahy, still skeptical: MR Box 164.
“The entire Atlantic Seaboard… .”: Suckley, Binder 8, p. 237.
“the extent of offshore coastal protection… .”: POF 106.
“This development of the [V-2]… .”: Walter Dornberger, V-2, p. 142.
Thus German rocket scientists: Gerhard L. Weinberg, A World at Arms, p. 564.
“Very fast… .”: Dornberger, p. 143.
Indeed, a rocket launch site: Dennis Piszkiewicz, The Nazi Rocketeers, p. 184.
“The purpose of this,” the report: MR Box 164.
The German navy’s chief: Jim Bishop, FDR’s Last Year, pp. 82–83.
The photo of the U-boat with rails: POF 106.
Confirming Admiral Doenitz’s strategy: Hoover to Hopkins, Jan. 8, 1945, FDRL.
“The capability exists… .”: MR Box 164.
And well over a year had passed: F. H. Hinsley, British Intelligence in the Second World War, p. 347; Weinberg, p. 564.
In another engineering triumph: Peter Young, ed., The World Almanac Book of World War II, p. 471.
The reality, however, was: Irving, The Mare’s Nest, p. 299.
The very next day his wife: NY Mirror, Feb. 17, 1945; HH Papers, Box 138, FDRL.
On his arrival, still trembling: Robert H. Ferrell, The Dying President: Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1944–1945, p. 12.
“Imagine my shock,” he told her: Earle to Boettiger, March 21, 1945, FDRL.
“I have read your letter… .”: MR 171.
He wanted it understood: ibid.
“I shall issue no public statement… .”: PSF Box 131.
“Your orders to the Pacific… .”: ibid.
Now Hoover was telling him: Hoover to Roosevelt, Jan. 8, 1945, FDRL.
“Willy, I suppose about sixteen… .”: Francis Biddle, In Brief Authority, p. 342.
He went into the Navy: David Kahn, Hitler’s Spies, p. 8.
They were to be infiltrated: ibid., p. 13.
Not only did the SD: ibid., pp. 12–22.
The next day, he turned himself: ibid., p. 23.
“She stated that… .”: POF Box 103.
“[H]e [Willy] is no relation of mine… .”: ibid.
On Valentine’s Day 1945: Kahn, Hitler’s Spies, p. 26.
He feared that the Pacific war: Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, Vol. 5, Closing the Ring, p. 569.
“When I first got to Tehran… .”: Suckley, Binder 17, p. 91.
“I have received a reply from U.J… .”: Francis L. Loewenheim, Harold D. Langley, and Manfred Jonas, eds., Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence, p. 596.
“That mountain road had been built… .”: William Rigdon, White House Sailor, p. 145.
“… [I]f we had spent… .”: ibid., p. 137.
Consequently, Roosevelt supported: Loewenheim, Langley, and Jonas, p. 656; John Gunther, Roosevelt in Retrospect, p. 359.
Churchill’s foreign minister: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 575.
He was ready to meet: Bishop, p. 545.
“Ross and Bruenn are both worried… .”: Ferrell, p. 108.
“… [T]he President appears… .”: ibid., p. 105.
FDR left frail in body: Winston S. Churchill, Memoirs of the Second World War, p. 927.
Occupation zones: FRUS, 1945, vol. I, p. 579.
The tall, patrician Alger Hiss: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen, Spy Book, p. 262.
“After the Yalta conference… .”: Benson, p. 423.
The jump to an inside page: Chicago Tribune, Feb. 7, 1945.
“Creation of an all-powerful… .”: ibid., Feb. 9, 1945.
Senate Democrat: Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero, p. 628.
“[T]his document, emanating from an office… .”: ibid., p. 629.
“What is happening here? …”: M 1642, Reel 3, Frames 788, 789.
“The joint chiefs of staff… .”: Chicago Tribune, Feb. 11, 1945.
“Comparing the proposal… .”: NYT, Feb. 13, 1945.
“Donovan is one of the trail blazers… .”: Washington Post, Feb. 16, 1945.
Donovan was soon back in Washington: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 400.
“was not the result of an accident… .”: ibid.; Donovan to JCS, Feb. 15, 1945, FDRL.
The JCS staff had made changes: Chicago Tribune, Feb. 9, 1945; Donovan to JCS, Feb. 19, 1945; National Archives, M 1642.
“A reading of these articles… .”: Donovan to Roosevelt, Feb. 23, 1945, FDRL.
Hoover “goes to the White House… .”: Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover, p. 313.
By deliberately leaking the documents: interview, Walter Trohan, Sept. 29, 1999.
He was also at the time: Gentry, pp. 313–14.
“[T]he British were believed to know… .”: Thomas F. Troy, Donovan and the CIA, p. 282.
Virgilio Scattolini was a short, fat Roman: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 702; Robin W. Winks, Cloak and Gown, p. 356.
The first delivery to Scamporini: Winks, p. 353.
Soon the Vatican reports: Washington Post, Aug. 3, 1980.
Donovan’s front office: M 1642, Reel 119, Frames 2, 3; Brown, The Last Hero, p. 689.
“This series offers great promise… .”: M 1642, Reel 119, Frames 2, 3.
Scamporini knew only that Settacioli: Brown, The Last Hero, pp. 685–86.
The informant also had access: Winks, p. 355.
What he did not know: ibid.; Brown, The Last Hero, p. 685.
His office was handling over: Winks, p. 354; Brown, The Last Hero, p. 687.
On January 11: PSF Box 151.
Vessel message 7a: ibid.
“The Japanese minimum demands… .”: ibid.
The papal envoy showed a sensitivity: ibid.
“On 10 January the Japanese Emperor… .”: ibid.
Along with the White House, Donovan: M 1642, Reel 136, Frame 677.
“The Japanese have recently… .”: M 1642, Reel 11, Frame 4.
Using Vessel to cultivate the Navy: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 694.
Even while the President: ibid., p. 697.
Roosevelt’s secretary, Grace Tully: ibid., p. 696; M 1642, Reel 119, Frame 71.
Thereafter, with Mussolini’s acquiescence: William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, p. 1005.
The
widow then fled: Shirer, p. 1005; M 1642, Reel 21, Frames 485, 486.
A Vessel message forwarded to the President: PSF Box 153.
“… Vessel report was undoubtedly… .”: M 14, Reel 119, Frame 132; Brown, The Last Hero, p. 695.
“warn all people handling Vessel… .”: M 1642, Reel 119, Frame 88.
Both men feared: Brown, The Last Hero, pp. 699–700.
“We have very good reason to believe… .”: M 1642, Reel 110, Frame 104.
Rome was aware of ten: Winks, p. 355.
“… suggest you also consider… .”: M 1642, Reel 119, Frame 104.
On March 2, Dunn advised: Washington Post, Aug. 3, 1980.
“Conversation as reported… .”: M 1642, Reel 119, Frame 129.
“Dear Jimmie… .”: M 1642, Reel 21, Frame 294.
He found it hard to swallow: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 686.
Angleton, a Catholic: Winks, p. 355.
“The procedure of the Papal audiences… .”: Washington Post, Aug. 3, 1980.
Scattolini had, in fact: ibid.
While FDR was en route to Yalta: PSF 151.
He wanted to uncover the chain: Winks, p. 356; Brown, The Last Hero, p. 701.
chapter xxvii: who knew—and when?
“We Soviets welcome… .”: Richard A. Russell, Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan, p. 8.
Out of this demand was born: ibid., pp. 8–16.
General Douglas MacArthur: Douglas MacArthur, Reminiscences, p. 262.
“From time to time… .”: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, p. 229.
“I did not then know… .”: ibid., p. 443.
That army, by now, had grown: James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 456.
“I reported as requested… .”: Omar N. Bradley and Clay Blair, A General’s Life, p. 211.
“When I finished, Roosevelt… .”: ibid.
“I decided that the President… .”: ibid.
“What if the Germans had …?”: interview, John Eisenhower, May 30, 2000; John Eisenhower, Strictly Personal, p. 97.
“is the biggest fool thing… .”: Christopher Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only, p. 150; Jim Bishop, FDR’s Last Year, p. 25.
“I am not sure how long… .”: Bishop, p. 249.
While trusting in Stettinius: Cordell Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull, p. 1110.
“We now have the discovery… .”: Joseph P. Lash, A World of Love: Eleanor Roosevelt and Her Friends, 1943–1962, pp. 125–26.
Sensing that this was one arena: Burns, p. 455.
He was subsequently removed: Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, p. 621.
“A single bomb of this type… .”: Alexander Sachs Box 1, FDRL.
“When he asked about my emotion… .”: James Roosevelt, My Parents, pp. 169–70.
J. Edgar Hoover learned of the bomb: Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, p. 187.
Thus, in the spring of 1943: David Dallin, Soviet Espionage, pp. 468–69; Robert Louis Benson, A History of U.S. Communications Intelligence During World War II, p. xviii.
Hoover’s rival, Wild Bill Donovan: Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero, pp. 771–75.
His predecessor as vice president: FRUS, 3d Washington Conference, p. 188.
“Stimson told me… .”: Harry S Truman, Memoirs, Vol. 1, Year of Decisions, p. 10.
“He does all the talking… .”: David G. McCullough, Truman, p. 328.
“[T]he president told me… .”: Robert Ferrell, Harry S. Truman, p. 172.
“… [H]e’s just going to pieces… .”: ibid.
“You remember when we were together… .”: Robert Ferrell, unpublished draft, undated.
As a senator who chaired: ibid.
“It may be necessary… .”: Dan Kurzman, Day of the Bomb, p. 212.
“is a nuisance… .”: ibid., p. 213.
“the wisdom of testing… .”: Richard Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb, p. 635.
“I do not know the substance… .”: PPF 7177.
“The President … had suggested… .”: Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service in Peace and War, p. 615.
“A German espionage agent… .”: POF 10B.
“This information is… .”: ibid.
“… [H]ope for a German bomb… .”: Leslie B. Rout Jr. and John F. Bratzel, The Shadow War, p. 480.
“… [R]espect the right of all peoples… .”: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 130.
“Let me, however, make this clear… .”: Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 656.
He had been particularly irked: ibid.
“I imagine it is one… .”: David Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service, p. 284.
“… [I]f we really believed… .”: Phillip Knightley, The Second Oldest Profession, p. 230.
He had confided to his son: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 379.
Bill Donovan had long wanted: Robin Winks, Cloak and Gown, p. 176.
On February 19, 1945: M 1642, pp. 269–70.
“Had we passed this along? …”: M 1642, Reel 89, Frames 267–70.
They offered to conduct: Bradley F. Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 324.
“I do not want to get mixed up… .”: ibid., p. 323.
“OSS personnel not to be employed… .”: M 1642, Marshall to Sultan, Feb. 9, 1945.
“We had been at war with Germany… .”: Knightley, p. 231.
Churchill complained to FDR: Smith, The Shadow Warriors, p. 281.
“something better to look forward to… .”: Knightley, p. 231.
“I want you to know… .”: Kermit Roosevelt, The Overseas Targets, pp. xvi, xvii.
“Morale is very high… .”: M 1642, Reel 24, Frames 358–61.
chapter xxviii: “stalin has been deceiving me all along”
Previously, while moving: Otto John, Twice Through the Lines, pp. 188–89.
There he told his story: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen, Spy Book, p. 300.
John was struck: John Toland, Adolf Hitler, p. 803.
John was especially surprised: Jürgen Heideking and Christof Mauch, eds., American Intelligence and the German Resistance to Hitler, pp. 283–85.
In an organization chart: Charles Higham, Errol Flynn, p. 279.
If Speer was coming over: Heideking and Mauch, p. 285.
“I heard the radio announce… .”: ibid., p. 286.
“The following information… .”: ibid., p. 284.
Three weeks after the failure: Polmar and Allen, Spy Book, p. 300.
The Gestapo had indeed continued: Joseph E. Persico, Piercing the Reich, p. 82.
On January 20, 1945: ibid., pp. 59–60, 152–55.
“to destroy Central Information office… .”: Neal H. Petersen, ed., From Hitler’s Doorstep, pp. 437–38.
“The present situation… .”: PSF Box 151.
He claimed further: Petersen, pp. 438–39.
“Wehrmacht officers who contribute… .”: PSF Box 151.
“If the German was permitted… .”: Persico, Piercing the Reich, p. 11.
“This whole project seems… .”: Petersen, p. 417.
He had word that the commander: ibid.
As Ribbentrop instructed: RG 457 CBOM 77.
Dulles put Wolff to the test: Heideking and Mauch, p. 384.
Ultra intercepts suggested that Wolff: Richard Breitman and Timothy Naftal, “Report to the Interagency Working Group on Previously Classified OSS Records,” NA, p. 3.
Wolff managed to get a message: Jim Bishop, FDR’s Last Year, pp. 503–506.
There the matter hung: Heideking and Mauch, pp. 381–85.
“It is believed… .”: Persico, Piercing the Reich, p. 289.
“I do not believe… .”: PSF, Donovan to FDR, March 6, 1945.
“I say quite frankly… .”: MR Box 23.
“I’d put Stalin… .”: Persico, Piercing the Reich, p. 167.
In a remote
corner of liberated France: ibid., p. 255.
That March, the Chicago Tribune: Washington Times-Herald, March 13, 1945; New Leader, March 17, 1945.
“[M]embership in the Communist Party… .”: M 1642, Reel 27, Frame 572.
“I’m simply not in a position… .”: Persico, Piercing the Reich, p. 8.
“These people were a bunch… .”: ibid., p. 24.
“These four men… .”: Washington Times-Herald, March 13, 1945.
By the time Donovan appeared before: Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev, The Haunted Wood, pp. 257–59.
The Iron Cross mission was scrubbed: Persico, Piercing the Reich, p. 259.
On March 12 he notified: Bishop, pp. 504–505, 508.
The Combined Chiefs of Staff: ibid., p. 509.
Molotov shot back: ibid., p. 505.
On March 24, FDR sent: MR Box 28.
FDR also maintained: ibid.
“a matter in which Russia… .”: Leslie B. Rout Jr. and John F. Bratzel, The Shadow War, p. 332.
“I agree to negotiations with the enemy… .”: MR Box 28.
The Soviet leader understood: Bishop, p. 505.
“I must repeat that the meeting… .”: MR Box 28.
Roosevelt was so taken aback: Bishop, p. 509.
His fear, he confided to an associate: ibid.
“You insist there have been… .”: MR Box 28.
“the Germans on the Western front… .”: ibid.
“I have received with astonishment… .”: ibid.
“… [Y]our information,” FDR went on: ibid.
“… I cannot avoid a feeling… .”: ibid.
“I have never doubted… .”: ibid.
He had one more charge to unload: ibid.
“will to fight… .”: MR Box 167.
“The Japanese government expects… .”: RG 457 CBOM 77.
“At the time when this treaty… .”: ibid.
chapter xxix: “the following are the latest casualties”
He now believed the Soviets: Jim Bishop, FDR’s Last Year, p. 545.
A few days before, on March 29: ibid., p. 520.
As the train was pulling: ibid., p. 44.
Bruenn had started his White House duties: ibid., p. 18.
The doctor well understood: ibid., p. 499.
“The Drs. love this little time… .”: Suckley, Binder 19, p. 14.
“I get the gruel… .”: ibid.
“He took half his evening gruel… .”: ibid.
“As you probably know… .”: PSF Box 153.
“… [T]he possible advantages… .”: MR Box 163.
“… a frank, across-the-table discussion… .”: PSF Box 153.