Solomon's Secret Arts
Page 66
137. DWL, Ms. Walton I.1.43, pp. 367–8.
138. Ibid., p. 368.
139. For these movements, see Alex Owen, The Darkened Room: Women, Power and Spiritualism in Late Victorian England (London, 1989); Alex Owen, The Place of Enchantment: British Occultism and the Cult of the Modern (Chicago, 2004).
140. Kathleen Raine, Blake and Tradition (2 vols, London, 1968); Kathleen Raine, Golgonooza, City of Imagination: Last Studies in William Blake (Hudson, N.Y., 1991); also, more recently, Marsha Keith Schuchard, Why Mrs Blake Cried: William Blake and the Sexual Basis of Spiritual Vision (London, 2006); Rix, Blake and Radical Christianity.
141. David V. Erdman, Blake: Prophet against Empire (Princeton, 1977); Thompson, Witness against the Beast. Jon Mee, Dangerous Enthusiasm: William Blake and the Culture of Radicalism in the 1790s (Oxford, 1992), places Blake's work in both a political and a prophetic context.
142. Keri Davies and Marsha Keith Schuchard, “Recovering the Lost Moravian History of William Blake's Family,” Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly, 38, 1 (2004), pp. 36–43; Rix, Blake and Radical Christianity, pp. 7–13.
143. Thompson, Witness against the Beast, ch. 6. For the extraordinary history of the Muggletonians, see Christopher Hill, Barry Reay and William Lamont, The World of the Muggletonians (London, 1983). Although they held some unusual beliefs about the universe, their materialism and estrangement from traditional occult sources explain why Muggletonians have not been discussed in this book.
144. The biographical details here are taken from Bentley, Stranger from Paradise, chs 1–4.
145. Ibid., pp. 118–19, 158. For animal magnetism, see Robert Rix, “Healing the Spirit: William Blake and Magnetic Religion,” Romanticism on the Net, 25 (Feb. 2002), http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/2002/v/n25/006011ar.html.
146. G.E. Bentley, Blake Records (2nd ed., New Haven, Conn., 2004), p. 78. Blake was one of nineteen engravers who testified that they were unable to copy Tilloch's notes.
147. William Blake, America: A Prophecy, in Erdman, ed., Complete Poetry and Prose, p. 52, plate 2, l. 8; p. 55, plate 10, l. 11.
148. William Blake, The French Revolution, in Erdman, ed., Complete Poetry and Prose, p. 298, lls. 274–6.
149. Erdman, Blake, ch. 23, for Blake's views of Voltaire and Rousseau. Although their disagreements were well known, he seems never to have distinguished between the two philosophes.
150. William Blake, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, in Erdman, ed., Complete Poetry and Prose, p. 43, plate 22.
151. Ernst Benz, Emanuel Swedenborg: Visionary Savant in the Age of Reason, trans. Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke (West Chester, Pa., 2002), ch. 11. Admittedly, these ideas are mainly found in the baron's early scientific writings, with which Blake may not have been familiar, but they echo through his later thinking as well. Kathleen Raine makes the same point about The Marriage of Heaven and Hell in Blake and Tradition, vol. 2, ch. 15.
152. Emanuel Swedenborg, The Earths in the Universe, and their Inhabitants; Also, their Spirits and Angels, from What Has Been Heard and Seen (London, 1875). This work was first published as De Telluribus in Mundo Nostro Solari, Quæ Vocantur Planetæ (London, 1758), and does not appear to have been translated until the nineteenth century. Blake was probably not able to read the Latin original, but he could easily have known about it by reputation.
153. Only one such work has come to light: Jean Henri Samuel Formey, A Concise History of Philosophy and Philosophers (Glasgow, 1767), pp. 154–60.
154. William Blake, America: A Prophecy, in Erdman, ed., Complete Poetry and Prose, p. 56, plate 14, ll. 5–6.
155. William Blake, The Song of Los, in Erdman, ed., Complete Poetry and Prose, p. 67, plate 3, ll. 18–19.
156. William Blake, Europe: A Prophecy, in Erdman, Complete Poetry and Prose, p. 62, plate 8, l. 3.
157. Blake, Song of Los, p. 68, plate 5, ll. 15–17.
158. Jacob Boehme, “The Treatise of the Incarnation,” in The Works of Jacob Behmen, the Teutonic Theosopher (4 vols, London, 1764–81), vol. 2, ch. 4, verse 35.
159. For Freemasonry in Blake's writings, see Stuart Peterfreund, William Blake in a Newtonian World: Essays on Literature as Art and Science (Norman, Oklahoma, 1998), ch. 3.
160. William Blake, The [First] Book of Urizen, in Erdman, ed., Complete Poetry and Prose, p. 14, ll 14–26.
161. The parallel with Fludd is noted in Raine, Blake and Tradition, vol. 2, pp. 74–80.
162. Ibid., vol. 1, pp. 50–1; vol. 2, pp. 236–8.
163. William Blake, The Four Zoas, in Erdman, ed., Complete Poetry and Prose, p. 361 [95], ll. 32–3 [88], ll. 7, 14–16; and for an interpretation of the poem, Leopold Damrosch, Jr., Symbol and Truth in Blake's Myth (Princeton, 1980), ch. 4.
164. Raine, Blake and Tradition, vol. 2, ch. 3; Works of Behmen, vol. 3, fig. 2, and GRL, Manly Hall Ms. 43, for a full-colour, hand-painted copy.
165. Blake, Four Zoas, pp. 357 [82], l. 19; 379 [110], l. 2; 385 [114], l. 1; 388 [119], l. 13; 386 [115], ll. 22–3.
166. Raine, Blake and Tradition, vol. 1, pp. 134–5.
167. The fairy appears in Europe: A Prophecy, p. 60, plate 3, l. 7; the Zodiac pops up in Four Zoas, p. 385 [114], l. 17; an angel turns blue, then yellow, then pink, in Marriage of Heaven and Hell, p. 43, plate 23; the happy lily is in The Book of Thel, in Erdman, ed., Complete Poetry and Prose, p. 4, plate 2, ll. 15–25.
168. Richard Holmes, Coleridge: Early Visions (New York, 1990); John B. Beer, Coleridge the Visionary (London, 1970).
169. For the history of occult thinking in late nineteenth century Britain, see Victoria Butler, Victorian Occultism and the Making of Modern Magic: Invoking Tradition (Basingstoke, Hants, 2011).
INDEX
Abaris, (i)
Aberdeen, (i), (ii), (iii); King's College, (i), (ii); Marischal College, (i)
Adam, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); Kadmon, (i), (ii), (iii)
Adams, George, junior, (i)
Adams, John Till, (i)
Addison, Joseph, (i), (ii), (iii)
Aeneas, (i), (ii), (iii)
Agrippa, Heinrich Cornelius, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx); his definition of magic, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Aikenhead, Thomas, (i)
Akenside, Mark, (i)
Alchemy, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii); among French Prophets, (i), (ii); and Christ, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); and Glorious Revolution, (i), (ii); and Golden Fleece, (i), (ii), (iii); and medicine, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x); and phlogiston, (i); and social reform, (i); as art, (i); as science, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); decline of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); dragons in, (i), (ii); legalized, (i); manuscripts of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); “practical” and “mystical”, (i); social basis of, (i); trade in books of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Allen, Ralph, (i), (ii), (iii)
Allin, Rev. John, (i)
Almanacs, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); sales of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
American War of Independence, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv)
Andreæ, Johann Valentin, (i), (ii), (iii)
Andrews, Henry, (i), (ii)
Andrews, William, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Angels, appearance without bodies, (i); communication with, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv)
Anima Mundi, see Soul of the World
Animal Magnetism, see Magnetic Healing
Antrim, earl of, see MacDonnell, Randal William, 1st earl of Antrim
Apparitions and Hauntings, (i), (ii), (iii), (i
v), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi)
Archenholz, Johann Wilhelm von, (i), (ii)
Argonauts, (i), (ii)
Aristotle, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Artephius, (i), (ii)
Ashmole, Elias, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii); and astrology, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); and Freemasonry, (i); and magic, (i), (ii), (iii); family background, (i); social views, (i); Theatrum Chemicum Brittanicum, (i), (ii), (iii)
Astrologer's Magazine, (i), (ii)
Astrology, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv); and medicine, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); and science, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); clubs, (i); contrasted with alchemy, (i); commercialization of, (i), (ii); electional, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); horary, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); judicial, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); nativities in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); psychological significance of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Athenian Mercury, (i), (ii), (iii)
Aubrey, John, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Avebury, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Avignon, Rite and Society of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Backhouse, William, (i)
Bacon, Francis, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Bacon, Roger, (i)
Bacstrom, Sigismund, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); his alchemical associates, (i)
Baker, John, (i)
Balcarres, earls of (Lindsay family), (i)
Ballard, George, (i)
Banks, Sir Joseph, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Baptists, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Barbauld, Anna Laetitia, (i)
Barrett, Francis, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Barrow, Isaac, (i)
Barruel, abbé Augustin, (i), (ii)
Bath, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Bathurst, Anne, (i), (ii)
Baxter, Rev. Richard, (i), (ii)
Beale, John, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Beaumont, John, (i)
Becher, J.J., (i)
Beckford, William, (i), (ii), (iii)
Bedford, Rev. Arthur, (i)
Behmenism, Behmenists, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii)
Bekker, Balthasar, (i), (ii)
Bell, Rev. John (anti-witchcraft writer), (i)
Bell, Rev. John (magnetic healer), (i), (ii), (iii)
Benandanti, (i), (ii)
“Bickerstaffe, Isaac” (pseudonym), (i), (ii)
Biringuccio, Vannoccio, (i)
Black, Joseph, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Bladud, (i)
Blagden, Charles, (i)
Blagden, Cyprian, (i)
Blagrave, Joseph, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Blagrave, Obadiah, (i), (ii)
Blake, William, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); and revolution, (i); and occult philosophy, (i)
Blunden, Humphrey, (i)
Boehme (Behmen, Böhme), Jacob, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii); and William Blake, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); and William Law, (i), (ii), (iii); see also Behmenism
Boerhaave, Herman, (i), (ii)
Bolingbroke, viscount, see St John, Henry, viscount Bolingbroke
Book trades, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); and alchemy, (i), (ii), (iii); and auctions, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); and catalogues, (i)
Booker, John, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); case book of, (i)
Boreman, Dr, cunning man, (i), (ii)
Bostridge, Ian, (i)
Boulton, Richard, (i), (ii)
Bourignon, Antoinette, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Bourne, Rev. Henry, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Boyle, Richard, 3rd earl of Burlington, (i), (ii)
Boyle, Robert, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi); and alchemy, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); lectures named for him, (i)
Bragge, Francis, (i)
Brand, Rev. John, (i)
Breslaw, Philip, (i)
Bristol, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Brooke, Henry (novelist), (i)
Brooke, Henry (painter), (i), (ii), (iii)
Brothers, Richard, (i), (ii), (iii); connections to Avignon Society, (i), (ii), (iii)
Browne, Sir Thomas, (i)
Bruce, Alexander, 2nd earl of Kincardine, (i)
Bruno, Giordano, (i)
Bryan, William, (i), (ii), (iii)
Buckingham, duke of, see Villiers, George, 2nd duke of
Buffon, George-Louis Leclerc, Comte de, (i), (ii)
Burlington, 3rd earl of, see Boyle, Richard, 3rd earl of Burlington
Burt, Edward, (i)
Burdett, Peter Perez, (i)
Butler, James, 1st duke of Ormonde, (i)
Butler, Samuel, (i), (ii)
Butterfield, Herbert, (i)
Byfield, Timothy, (i)
Byrom, John, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); and Cabala Club, (i)
Cagliostro, Count (Giuseppe Balsamo), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); and necklace affair, (i)
Cagliostro, Countess (Seraphina Balsamo), (i), (ii)
Calvert, Giles, (i)
Cambridge University, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii); Jesus College, (i); King's College, (i); St John's College, (i)
Campbel (Campbell), Duncan, (i), (ii), (iii)
Cannon, John, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Capp, Bernard, (i), (ii)
Carey, Henry, 1st earl of Dover, (i)
Casanova, Giacomo, (i), (ii)
Casaubon, Isaac, (i), (ii)
Casaubon, Meric, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Cavendish, Georgiana, duchess of Devonshire, (i)
Cavendish, Henry, (i)
Cavendish, Margaret, duchess of Newcastle, (i)
Cecil, James, 5th earl of Salisbury, (i)
Chamberlayne, William, (i); and magic, (i)
Charles II, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi); as an alchemist, (i), (ii)
Charles, duke of Brunswick, (i), (ii)
Charleton, Walter, (i)
Charms, see Sigils
Charnock, Thomas, (i), (ii)
Chastanier, Benedict, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Cheyne, George, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Child, Robert, (i), (ii), (iii)
Childrey, Joshua, (i), (ii), (iii)
Ching, John, (i)
Chiromancy, (i), (ii)
Church of England (Anglicanism), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix); divisions within, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Churchill, John, 1st duke of Marlborough, (i)
Civil Wars, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Clare, Martin, (i), (ii)
Clarence, prince William, duke of, (i)
Clarke, Rev. Richard, (i), (ii), (iii)
Clayton, Rev. John, (i)
Clodius, Frederick, (i), (ii)
Clowes, Rev. John, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Coates, Richard, (i)
“Cock Lane Ghost,” (i), (ii)
&nbs
p; Coelson, Lancelot, (i)
Coffee-houses, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, (i), (ii)
Coley, Henry, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Conduitt, John, (i), (ii)
Conjuring, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi)
Conway, Lady Anne, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Cook, Captain James, (i), (ii), (iii)
Cooper, William, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); Catalogue of Chymicall Books, (i), (ii); Presbyterian connections, (i)
Copernican system, see Heliocentrism
Corpus Hermeticum, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Cosway, Richard, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Cowan, Edward, (i)
Cromarty, earl of, (i); see also Mackenzie, George, 1st earl of Cromarty
Cromwell, Oliver, Lord Protector, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Crowther, Timothy, (i), (ii)
Cudworth, Ralph, (i), (ii)
Cue, Rev. John, (i), (ii), (iii)
Culpeper, Alice, (i), (ii), (iii)
Culpeper, Nicholas, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Cumberland, prince Henry, duke of, (i)
Cunning men, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Cunningham, James, (i), (ii)
Curle, Edmund, (i)
Curry, Patrick, (i)
Curth, Louise Hill, (i)
Daffy, Anthony, (i); family of, (i)
Darnton, Robert, (i)
Davies, Owen, (i)
Davy, Sir Humphry, (i), (ii)
Dee, Arthur, (i), (ii)
Dee, John, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)
Defoe, Daniel, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Della Porta, Giambatista, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Denis, John, the elder, (i); the younger, (i)
D'Eon de Beaumont, Charles Geneviève, (i)
De Quincey, Thomas, (i)
Dermott, Laurence, (i)
Desaguliers, Jean-Théophile, (i), (ii)
Descartes, René (also Cartesianism), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Devil, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv)
Devonshire, duchess of, see Cavendish, Georgiana, duchess of Devonshire
Dickinson, Edmund, (i), (ii)