Breen, T. H., 502, 503
Brexit vote (2016), 278, 507
Brin, Sergey: and advertising, 71, 84; on Carol Brady search data, 75; and Google corporate governance structure, 101–102; and Google’s secrecy, 89; rejection of resistance by, 157; on right to be forgotten ruling, 60
Britain. See United Kingdom
broadband privacy regulations, 171–172
Broadcom, 245
Brookings Institution, 182
Bryan, William Jennings, 106–107
Business Insider, 104–105
Business View, 153
Buttarelli, Giovanni, 487
BuzzFeed, 317, 505, 509–510
Cambridge Analytica, 273, 278–279, 279–281, 282, 482–483
Cambridge University Psychometrics Centre, 273
Canada, 144, 231–232, 387, 517
Cap Gemini, 218
Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Piketty), 43
capitalism: assumptions about, 495–496; distinction from surveillance capitalism, 22–23; end of, 517; as evolutionary process, 51; plasticity of, 520–521. See also capitalism, surveillance capitalism’s departure from history of; industrial capitalism; information capitalism; neoliberal market economics; surveillance capitalism
capitalism, surveillance capitalism’s departure from history of, 21, 495–512; abandoning reciprocities, 499–504; distinct from capitalism, 22–23, 495–499; insisting on unfettered freedom and knowledge, 495–499; and radical indifference, 504–512
“Carol Brady’s maiden name” search query, 75
Carter, Ash, 120
Carter, Jimmy, 40
Cartographer (Google), 152–153
casinos, 449–451
Cate, Fred, 120
Cato Institute, 126
causality, 32, 298, 434
cell phones. See smartphones
censorship: in China, 392–393; self-censorship, in “real life,” 471–472
Center for Media and Democracy, 126
Center for Public Integrity, 251
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 114, 116, 117, 321–322
certainty: and auto insurance, 212–218; and behavioral futures markets, 497; in instrumentarianism, 396f, 515–516; instrumentarian power aims for, in form of guaranteed outcomes, 378; internet of things enabling, 203; and Skinner’s vision, 364, 367, 368–369, 379–380; substituted for society, 384, 388–394; surveillance capitalism offers, 383. See also knowledge; totality; uncertainty
Chambers, Chris, 303
children/youth: compulsion to social media, 451–452; emerging adulthood, 446–447, 449, 452–453, 467; experience of hive life, 445–449; as pioneers on the new frontier of power, 444; social media addiction of, 445, 446–447. See also adolescence
chilling effect, 472; and extended chilling effect, 472, 489
China: conflation of instrumentarian and authoritarian power in, 389, 393–394; crisis of social trust in, 389–390; funding Pentland’s research lab, 417; Shenzhen trade show and surveillance technology industry, 393–394, 395; Skinner’s views on, 443; social credit system in, 388–394; use of location data in, 246
China Daily, 391
chips, 189, 245, 289, 392
choice architectures, 294, 370
Chomsky, Noam, 323, 441
Choudhury, Tanzeem, 419, 420
Chrome browser, 400, 487
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 114, 116, 117, 321–322
Cisco, 227, 264, 417
Cisco Kinetic, 227–228
cities, 227–232
civil society organizations, 126
Clapper, James, 387
click-through rates, 76, 82, 83–84, 95–96, 277
click-wrap agreements, 48–50, 108
climate, sensors of, 206
climate change, 126, 346
cloud, the: Google’s, 188, 218; and human relationships, 410; and machine relations, 408; Microsoft’s, 400
Cohen, Jared, 103, 223
Cohen, Leonard, 255
cold war, 108, 320–321
collaboration: and contractual agreements, 333, 334, 335–336, 337; and social pressure, 435–436
collective action: confluence as new form of, 409, 413; and contractual agreements, 333; needed to challenge asymmetries of knowledge and power, 344–345, 485–486, 520–525
collective decision making, 407, 432–433
collective mind. See hive mind
collectivism: behavior for the greater good, 431–432; and death of individuality, 436–437, 438–440, 444, 469; neoliberal ideology in opposition to, 38, 39, 108, 504–505; and surveillance capitalism’s collectivist social vision as departure from market democracy, 21, 495, 504–512, 519. See also hive mind
Columbus, Christopher, 176–177
Columbus, Ohio, 229
co-marketing, 217
commodity fictions (Polanyi), 99, 345–346, 514
Common Rule (legal standards for experimentation), 303–304, 320, 325
Communications Decency Act (1996), Section 230, 110–112
communism, 321
Communist Manifesto, The (Marx and Engels), 222
Communist Party, 356, 389
compulsion: elements of, 451; and mobile advertising, 242–243; of social media, 449–453, 457–458, 463, 466–467; through uncontract, 221
CompuServe, 111
“Computer for the 21st Century, The” (Weiser), 199–202, 398
computer-mediated transactions, new uses of, 64–65, 212–213, 256
Concept of the Corporation (Drucker), 64
conditioning: definition of, 296–297; “mind control” as system of, 322; operant conditioning, 296, 322, 361
confluence: as core social process of instrumentarianism, 397f; in the hive, 466; as machine relations, 20–21, 407–411; as new form of collective action, 409, 413; as new template for social order, 21, 411–415, 429
conquerors, Spanish, 12, 176–177, 177–178, 193
conquest: through declaration, 176–180; and domination of souls, 354, 359, 365
Conquest, Robert, 356, 357
conquest pattern, 176, 177–178, 338
conscientiousness, 275, 277
consciousness. See awareness
consent: and broadband privacy regulations, 171–172; and emotion analytics, 291–292; in EU regulations, 481; and facial recognition, 253; and online contracts, 48–50. See also decision rights; opt-out policies; rendition
conservative-libertarian agenda, 109
Constitutional law: First Amendment rights, 60, 108–109, 325; Fourth Amendment rights, 480–481
“Constitution in the National Surveillance State, The” (Balkin), 119
consumers, 29–30, 31, 33, 87; and the Apple inversion, 46; and historical role in evolution of capitalism, 51, 257; and online contracts, 49–50; and traditional reciprocities with producers, 499–503. See also Federal Communications Commission (FCC); privacy
Consumer Watchdog, 17, 507–508
contagion effect, through online manipulation, 300, 301–302, 306–307
content moderation, 506, 508–509
context aggregation, 209
continuous experimentation, 298–299; by Facebook, 299–309; as new use of computer-mediated transactions, 64, 213, 298; Pokémon Go as, 309–319
contracts: and empathy, 335–336; “new contractual forms due to better monitoring,” 64, 213, 218–219; uncontracts, 218–221, 295, 333–336. See also reciprocity
contracts, online, 48–50, 108, 237
contract utopia, 334
convenience, 18, 30, 257, 383, 429
conversation: and digital assistants, 260–261
conversational commerce, 164
cookies: development of, 86; and “Like” button, 159; quantities of, 136; regulation of, 86–87; and Verizon, 167; zombie cookies, 167, 168
cooperation. See collaboration; collective decision making
cornering, of behavioral surplus supplies, 130–138, 338
corporate
action as speech, 109
Cortana (Microsoft digital assistant), 163–164, 165, 255, 400
Costeja González, Mario, 58, 59
counter-declarations (form of resistance/withdrawing social agreement), 345, 489–492. See also regulations; synthetic declarations
coup from above, 21, 513–516
Couzens, James, 64
Covisint, 217
creative destruction, 50, 51
credit scores, 172–173, 393
Creemers, Rogier, 393
cryptocurrencies, 442
Cubrilovic, Nik, 159
Cukier, Kenneth, 68
culture, intentional design of, 431
customers: as source of organic capitalist reciprocities, 31–32, 40, 501–504; vs users, 10, 69, 77, 82, 93–94, 96, 129
customization. See personalization
cyberlibertarianism, 109
Daily Beast, 42
dark data, 210–211
data: dark data, 210–211; definition of, 65; meta-data, 117–118, 245, 272–273, 275; traffic/transit data, 228–229, 230. See also behavioral data
data exhaust, 67–70; as digital breadcrumbs, 90, 422, 428; as digital exhaust, 90; as euphemism and misdirection, 90; as source of behavioral surplus, 74–78, 81, 338
data extraction and analysis: as basis of the extraction imperative, 87–88; definition of, 65; as new use of computer-mediated transactions, 64, 65, 213
datafication: definition of, 187–188; and rendition, 234
Datalogix, 160–161
data mining, 67–68, 116–117, 420. See also reality mining
data ownership: data as private property, 172; and EU regulations, 481; and Fourth Amendment, 480–481; Pentland’s view of, 441–442. See also data protection
data protection: and Facebook, 482–485; General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), 481, 485, 487–488; and Google Street View, 143–149; in Spain/EU, 57–60. See also data ownership; Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
data scientists: and economies of action, 295; on the internet of things, 224–225; interviewing of, 24, 224; “missing generation” of (lured to tech firms), 189–190
debt, 215, 335, 391
decision rights: and continuous experimentation, 298; definition of, 90; public response to loss of, 340; surveillance capitalism’s usurpation of, 179; as privileges of the wealthy, 257
declarations: conquest by, 176–180, 193, 341; counter-declarations, 345, 489–492; definition of, 177; Google’s, 179–180; and Spanish conquest, 177–178; synthetic declarations, 345, 395, 480, 524–525
De Filippi, Primavera, 442
Dehaye, Paul-Olivier, 482–485
de las Casas, Bartolomé, 178
Dell, 217
Deloitte, 214, 216–217, 417, 425
democracy: and collective decision making, 433; and division of learning in society, 191–192; Google refuses to cooperate with in Street View investigations, 144–148; and industrial capitalism, 107, 501–504; and neoliberalism, 108, 505; pace of vs tech companies, 104–105, 115; Skinner’s rejection of, 373, 433; surveillance capitalism as threat to, 21, 512–513, 516–519; and trends in information society, 191; USSR Constitution described as, 356. See also electoral politics
democratic “recession” (deconsolidation), 516–518; and surveillance capitalism, 518–519
Dempsey, James, 120
dependency: and habituation, 140; on “the others,” 447–448, 456–457, 465; and psychic numbing effect, 11; and success of surveillance capitalism, 342, 397f. See also reciprocity; rendition
depression, 275, 287, 446, 464–465
depth of behavioral surplus (second dimension of economies of scope), 201, 241, 339; and affective computing, 282–290; and digital assistants, 255–262, 268–269; and Facebook personality prediction, 271–276, 278–282; and IBM personality prediction, 276–278; and voice recognition, 262–268. See also personalization
destruction rhetoric, 50, 51
Diageo, 239
DIALOG, 270–271
digital assistants: Amazon’s Alexa, 268–269; Apple’s Siri, 269; and conversation, 260–261; Facebook’s M, 259; Google Assistant, 6, 401, 402; Google Now, 256–259; herding toward commerce, 259–260; as inevitable, 257; Microsoft’s Cortana, 163–164, 165, 255, 400; Samsung’s Viv, 269; as supply routes for behavioral surplus, 268–269
digital dispossession, 99, 100, 150–151, 210–211. See also dispossession cycle
digitalization: capacity for, 187–188; of music, 29–30; resistance to, 139; of work, 180–181
digital natives, 447
digital omniscience, 208–209, 223, 229, 402. See also Big Other
disclosure: of Google as source of funding for research papers, 126; by Microsoft, about extent of Cortana’s knowledge, 164. See also consent; decision rights; privacy policies
Disconnect, Inc., 135, 137–138
Disney, 316
dispossession, accumulation by, 99
dispossession, digital, 99, 100, 150–151, 210–211
dispossession cycle, 138–155, 342; adaptation stage, 140, 148–149, 306; competition in, 158–166; habituation stage, 140, 145–148, 306; incursion stage, 139–140, 141–145, 306; progression from knowledge to influence to control, 153–154, 420; redirection stage, 140, 149–155, 306
division of labor, 32, 183–185, 347–348
Division of Labor in Society, The (Durkheim), 183
division of learning in society: as cause of user ignorance, 343–344; essential questions of, 181–183, 327–328; instrumentarian power’s command over, 379, 396f; and new priesthood, 187–190; as principle of social order, 185–186, 190–192; privatization of, 19, 190–192; and problem of the two texts, 186–187; surveillance capitalism’s dominance over, 180, 351–352;
Doctoroff, Dan, 228, 229, 230–231
Doctrine of Fascism, The (Mussolini and Gentile), 354
Doerr, John, 72, 76
Domingos, Pedro, 191
DoppelLab, 208
dot-com economy, 72–73
DoubleClick, 161
double movement, 39–40, 52, 182, 395, 500–501
Douglas, William O., 90
Driving Mode, 154
Drucker, Peter, 64
Dublon, Gershon, 209
Dulles, Allen, 321
Duranty, Walter, 356
Durkheim, Emile, 22, 32, 183–187, 192
Eagle, Nathan, 420, 421, 423
eBay, 393
“economic orientation” (Max Weber), 16, 297, 346; of Google, 77
economies of action, 131f, 195, 202, 293–299, 339; and actuation/means of behavioral modification, 293–294; approaches to, 294–297; in China’s social credit system, 389–391; and Facebook’s user experiments, 299–309; and “for-profit cities,” 231; and games, 311; and means of behavioral modification, 203; and Pokémon Go, 309–329; and vehicle telematics, 213, 215
economies of scale, 131f, 195, 200–201, 338; in totalitarianism, 359; and vehicle telematics, 214
economies of scope, 131f, 195, 339; and depth of behavioral surplus extraction (second dimension of economies of scope), 201, 241, 339; and extension of extraction operations into offline world (first dimension of economies of scope), 201, 241, 339; and “for-profit cities,” 231; rendition activities in, 241; shift toward, 201–202; and vehicle telematics, 213, 214. See also extension of extraction operations into offline world (first dimension of economies of scope); depth of behavioral surplus (second dimension of economies of scope)
Economist, 391
Edelman, Benjamin, 130–132
Edison, Thomas, 16–17, 184, 520
“Education after Auschwitz” (Adorno), 518
Edwards, Douglas, 89, 98
effective life, human need for, 11, 32–33, 43–44, 53, 256–257, 342, 347, 518
Ekman, Paul, 285
electoral politics: Cambridge Analytica’s involvement in, 278, 280; and Facebook user experiments, 299–300, 301, 436; funding for elec
tion campaigns, 43, 109; Google’s involvement in, 122–124, 341–342; and online disinformation, 508, 510
Electric Horseman, The (Garland), 233
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), 165, 167
Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC), 114, 139, 144, 160, 169, 318
electronic text, 181, 182–183, 186–187, 270. See also shadow text
electrophysiology, 324–325
emerging adulthood, 446–447, 449, 452–453, 467
Emoshape, 289
emotion analytics, 282–290; and Affectiva, 288–290; and consent, 291–292; development of, 285–287; revenues from, 287; SEWA project, 282–284
emotions: emotional toll of social media, 445, 446; manipulation of by Facebook, 301–302, 305–306, 307; Microsoft patent for monitoring mental states, 411–412; and reinforcement for social harmony, 435. See also emotion analytics; empathy; mental health
empathy, 302; and awareness, 307; and contractual agreements, 335–336; and Facebook emotional contagion experiments, 302, 436; and Pentland’s social theory, 437
employment levels, 42, 56, 500
Endor, 425
Englehardt, Steven, 136
entrepreneurs, 41, 99, 342
envy, 463
equivalence without equality: and Facebook, 505–506, 507, 509; as “radical indifference,” 377; as the “reality business,” 399; and targeted advertising, 509–510; and tyranny, 513
Erikson, Erik, 36, 452
Ervin, Sam, 320, 323–324
ethics. See morality
euphemism, used to obfuscate surveillance capitalism, 90–91, 210–211
European Council, 387
European Union: Android antitrust investigation, 134, 138; General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), 481, 485, 487–488; Safe Harbor Framework, 160, 486
EU Commission, 103, 282, 417
EU Court of Justice, 59–60, 486
Evil by Design (Nodder), 456
exceptionalism. See surveillance exceptionalism
execution architectures, 203, 213, 218
exits. See no exit
Exodus Privacy, 137
“Experimental Evidence of Massive-Scale Emotional Contagion Through Social Networks” (Kramer, Guillory, and Hancock), 301
experimentation: Common Rule legal standards for, 303–304, 320, 325; Facebook user experiments in electoral politics, 299–300, 301, 436; Facebook user experiments in manipulating emotional contagion, 301–302, 305–306, 307
experimentation, continuous, 298–299; by Facebook, 299–309; as new use of computer-mediated transactions, 64, 213, 298; Pokémon Go as, 309–319
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