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Dreadnought

Page 136

by Robert K. Massie


  isolationism of, xxiii, xxv, 77, 241–42, 245

  Jameson Raid and, 218–20, 222–23, 230–31

  Japanese alliance with, 339–41, 343

  Kruger Telegram and, 224–28, 230–31, 240

  merchant navy of, xxi–xxii

  Morocco and, 352–54, 359–63, 365–67, 588–92, 719, 724–25

  Navy of, see Royal Navy, British and opening Dardanelles to Russian warships, 602–3, 605

  population and industrial growth of, 134–35

  proposed tunnel between France and, 631–32

  Prussian antagonism toward, 43

  relations between Russia and, 156

  Russian entente with, xxv, 594–602

  Russian naval talks with, 845–47

  Russian threat to, xxiii, 460, 515

  Russo-German conflict and, 871–72, 884–85, 899–900

  Samoan crisis and, 257–58, 260–61

  Schleswig-Holstein crisis and, 57–58

  size of empire of, xx–xxii

  South Africa and, 214–16

  Tirpitz’s antagonism toward, 166–67, 172–75, 181, 185

  U.S. independence from, xxi

  as vulnerable to invasion, 627–39

  war plans of, 744–48

  at war with Germany, 908

  William II’s ambivalence toward, 106

  William II’s visits to, 108, 258–68, 297–303, 680–84, 724–25

  see also Ireland

  Greece, Balkan Wars and, 838–39

  Grey, Dorothy Widdrington, 582, 584–86, 590

  Grey, Sir Edward, 251, 528, 561, 581–93

  on abandoning Mediterranean, 827

  Agadir Crisis and, 729–39, 741, 744

  ambition of, 584

  Anglo-French Entente and, 588

  Anglo-French naval talks and, 826

  Anglo-German naval talks and, 697–99, 708, 710, 802, 804–5, 813–17

  Anglo-Russian Entente and, 595, 597–600

  Anglo-Russian naval talks and, 845–47

  Asquith and, 576, 581, 583, 590, 593n, 906

  and assassination of Franz Ferdinand, 860

  Austro-Serbian conflict and, 865–68, 879–87, 889, 891

  background of, 581–84

  Balkan Wars and, 839–40, 844

  Boer War and, 551, 555, 557, 587

  Bosnia Crisis and, 604–5, 607–8

  and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 629

  and British Fleet’s visit to Baltic ports, 850

  on British naval supremacy, 592–93

  Campbell-Bannerman and, 557–60, 587, 590, 593n

  Churchill’s Naval Estimates and, 835

  Churchill’s Naval Holiday proposal and, 830–31

  criticisms of, 590

  Daily Telegraph crisis and, 687

  foreign policy skills of, 583, 587–93

  German naval expansion and, 829

  and German threat to Belgium, 893–94, 898, 903, 905, 907

  and German threat to France, 873, 876, 884–85, 887–93, 897–906

  Haldane Mission and, 812, 814

  Lichnowsky and, 844–45, 849

  Morocco crisis and, 365, 588–92

  Naval Scare and, 612–14, 617–22

  and opening Dardanelles to Russian warships, 602–3, 605

  private life of, 584–87

  reclusiveness of, 587

  Regulas Compact and, 557–60, 562, 581–82

  Russo-German conflict and, 871–72, 875, 880–81, 884–85, 900

  and veto power of House of Lords, 661

  war plans and, 744

  and William II’s state visit to Britain, 681, 683

  Grey, Sir George, 581–82

  Grey Declaration, 583

  Grierson, J. M., 589–90

  Haldane, Richard Burdon, 561, 725, 743, 890

  Agadir Crisis and, 737, 807

  Anglo-German naval talks and, 805, 807–8, 810–15

  Anglo-Russian Entente and, 597

  Asquith and, 568–69, 573, 576–77, 806

  Austro-Serbian conflict and, 883

  background of, 805–7

  Boer War and, 551, 555, 557

  and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 629–30, 637, 639

  Campbell-Bannerman and, 557–60, 563

  Churchill and, 748

  Churchill’s Naval Estimates and, 823

  and cutting military spending, 640, 644

  Daily Telegraph crisis and, 687

  Fisher-Beresford conflict and, 538, 540

  German mission of, 805, 807–15, 820–22, 825, 829

  and German threat to France, 901–2

  Grey and, 581, 583–84, 586–87, 590, 593n

  Morocco crisis and, 589–91

  Naval Scare and, 614

  Regulas Compact and, 557–60, 562

  and reorganization of British Army, 560, 563

  Russo-German conflict and, 900

  war plans and, 745–47

  and William II’s state visit to Britain, 682–83

  Halsbury, Lord, 659–61

  Hamburg-America Line (HAPAG), 794–97, 799–800

  Hamilton, Lord George, 211

  Hampton Roads, Battle of, 387–88

  Hanotaux, Gabriel, 251, 254

  Harcourt, Sir William, 84, 549, 574

  Harden, Maximilian, 741, 798–800

  Ballin and, 799–800

  Eulenburg Affair and, 673–78

  Hardinge, Sir Charles, 700

  Hasse, Ernst, 136

  Hatzfeldt, Count Paul von, 15–16, 74, 208–9, 212, 222, 224, 231, 697

  Anglo-German alliance negotiations and, 245–46, 269–70, 291–92, 304

  Boer War and, 272

  Boxer Rebellion and, 283

  Chamberlain and, 241, 244–45

  and conflict between Edward VII and William II, 107–8

  Holstein and, 126–27

  and William II’s visit to Britain, 261–62, 266

  Hayashi, Baron Tadasu, 339

  Heckstall-Smith, Brooke, 158–59

  Henry, Prince of Prussia, xx, 28–29, 42, 101, 137, 154, 179, 300, 420, 601, 693

  and British Fleet’s visit to Baltic ports, 850–51

  on William II’s yachting, 157

  Hereford, Lord James of, 295

  Herff, Herr von, 221–22

  Heyderbrand, Ernst von, 742

  Hicks-Beach, Sir Michael, 192, 318

  Imperial Preference debate and, 326–27, 330

  Hindenburg, Paul von, 811

  Hinzpeter, George, 28–29, 99, 666

  History of Germany in the Nineteenth Century (Treitschke), 136

  Hobhouse, Emily, 554

  Hohenlohe, Gustave zu, 118

  Hohenlohe, Prince Chlodwig zu, 102, 117–22

  background of, 118–19

  Boxer Rebellion and, 282, 285

  Bülow and, 120, 122, 142, 144–47

  Caprivi and, 112, 119–20

  Chamberlain and, 241

  Holstein and, 118–21, 131, 133

  Jameson Raid and, 223

  Kruger Telegram and, 224–25

  naval expansion and, 169–71, 175–76, 179

  resignation of, 147

  weaknesses of, 121–22

  Weltmacht and, 138

  and William II’s visit to Britain, 267–68

  Hollmann, Friedrich von, 163–64, 168, 170–73, 176, 223, 225

  Holstein, Friedrich von, 36, 43, 49, 72–74, 90, 102, 113–14, 117, 123–33, 136

  Anglo-French Entente and, 345, 349, 354–55, 588

  Anglo-German alliance negotiations and, 245, 270, 292, 300–301, 304–6, 341

  Anglo-Russian Entente and, 600

  anti-Semitism of, 798

  Arnim scandal and, 125, 131

  background of, 123–27

  Bismarck and, 82, 93, 124–29, 132

  Boer War and, 274

  Boxer Rebellion and, 285, 287

  Bülow and, 126, 128, 130–32, 139, 142–43, 146–48, 369, 664, 843

&nbs
p; and conflict between Bismarck and William II, 128–29

  daily routine of, 129–30

  Daily Telegraph crisis and, 689–90

  Eulenburg and, 128, 131–32, 664, 666, 668, 671–74, 678

  foreign policy role of, 123, 125–28, 130–32, 148

  German colonialism and, 132

  Hohenlohe and, 118–21, 131, 133

  Jameson Raid and, 212, 223

  Kiderlen and, 715–17

  Kruger Telegram and, 212, 223–24

  Morocco crisis and, 354, 360, 363, 365–68, 663–64, 729

  naval expansion and, 171

  political demise of, 368–69

  private espionage system of, 131

  reclusiveness of, 130

  Reinsurance Treaty and, 114, 127–28

  resignation and, 664, 672, 674

  on Russia, 127–28

  Salisbury compared with, 202

  Samoan crisis and, 260

  and William II’s visit to Britain, 263–65, 267

  House of Lords, British, 641–52

  attacks on veto power of, 647, 650–51, 654, 657–62

  background of, 641–42

  constitutional function of, 642

  Home Rule and, 642

  1909 budget and, 646–51, 654

  social reform and, 641, 644–46

  Hoyos, Countess, 100

  Hsien-feng, Emperor of China, 278

  Huguet, Victor, 589–90

  Hülsen-Haeseler, Count, 690–91

  Imperial Navy, German, xx, 160–85

  administration of, 163–64

  Agadir Crisis and, 727

  annual training cycle of, 168

  anti-Semitism in, 797

  Austro-Serbian conflict and, 862

  battle cruisers and, 490, 495–96

  Boer War and, 180

  and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 633, 636

  and British Fleet’s visit to Baltic ports, 851–53

  British security threatened by, xxiv–xxv

  Churchill on, 820

  Churchill’s Naval Estimates and, 821–22, 824, 828, 831

  Churchill’s Naval Holiday proposal and, 830–32

  expansion of, 169–85, 244, 263, 269, 273–74, 360, 402, 406–7, 446, 609–25, 685–86, 696–702, 707, 790–91, 799–802, 804, 808–17, 819–22, 829, 848–49

  first modern battleship of, 163

  German colonialism and, 137

  and German threat to France, 900–901

  history of, 160–63

  Naval Scare and, 609–25

  and redistribution of British Fleet, 462–63

  and spread of Anglophobia, 178–79, 181, 183

  Tirpitz’s Risk Theory and, 181–82

  India:

  Anglo-Russian Entente and, 597–98, 600

  British rule over, xxii

  Inflexible, H.M.S., xix, 151, 390

  in bombardment of Alexandria, 421–22

  Fisher and, 419–23, 424n, 504–5

  hybrid uniqueness of, 419–20

  Warrior compared to, 413–14

  Influence of Sea Power upon History, The (Mahan), xxi, xxiii–xxiv

  Ingenhol, Friedrich von, 850, 852–53

  Insult to Our Country, An (MacDonald), 601

  Invasion of 1910, The (Le Queux), 635–39

  Invincible-class battle cruisers, 464

  in Battle of Jutland, 496–97

  construction of, 495

  description of, 493–94

  design flaws in, 494

  Ireland:

  breakdown of law and order in, 318–20

  Home Rule and, 235–38, 318, 556, 634n–35n, 642, 650, 878–79

  Victoria’s visits to, 293

  Irresistible, H.M.S., Dreadnought compared with, 475

  Isvolsky, Alexander:

  Anglo-Russian Entente and, 595–99, 602

  Austro-Serbian conflict and, 865

  Bosnia Crisis and, 604–8

  and opening Dardanelles to Russian warships, 602–6

  Italy:

  Anglo-French naval talks and, 826

  Anglo-German alliance negotiations and, 305–6

  Austro-Serbian conflict and, 865–66, 868, 876, 883

  Balkan Wars and, 839

  Churchill’s Naval Estimates and, 823–24

  Morocco crisis and, 362

  Navy of, 493, 623

  Russo-German conflict and, 871

  Turkey and, 838

  Ito, Marquis Hirobumi, 339

  Jagow, Gottlieb von, 830–31

  ambassadorship of, 841

  Anglo-Russian naval talks and, 847

  Austro-Serbian conflict and, 863–64, 866, 868–69, 881–83

  Belgium and, 894, 896–97

  and German threat to France, 873, 888, 907

  state secretary appointment of, 841–42

  Jagow, Hermann von, 841

  James, Henry, 630

  Jameson, Leander Starr, 218–20, 222–23, 227–30, 240

  Jameson Raid, 169–70, 212, 218–31, 240–41, 244

  Boer War and, 271

  Kruger Telegram and, 223–28

  parliamentary investigation of, 229

  punishment of perpetrators of, 228–29, 574

  Japan:

  alliance between Britain and, 339–41, 343

  Anglo-Russian Entente and, 595–96

  Boxer Rebellion and, 279–81

  Daily Telegraph crisis and, 685–86, 689

  and launching of Dreadnought, 480

  Navy of, 492–93, 469

  and opening Dardanelles to Russian warships, 603

  and redistribution of British Fleet, 462

  Jellicoe, John, 374, 384

  Agadir Crisis and, 735n

  Churchill and, 771–72

  Dreadnought and, 470–71, 476, 484

  Fisher and, 401–2, 407, 424

  gunnery and, 397–98, 787–88

  on naval education, 392

  and ramming of Victoria, 395

  steam-propelled ironclads and, 389–90

  Jocelyn, John Strange, 751

  Jones, Oliver, 412–13

  Jowett, Benjamin, 567, 573–74, 582

  Jutland, Battle of, 407

  battle cruisers and, 490, 496–97

  Queen Elizabeth in, 782

  Keppel, Alice, 19–20, 156, 291, 575, 654–55

  Kerr, Sir Walter:

  and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 628

  Fisher and, 443–45

  Ketteler, Baron Klemens von, 280, 286

  Keynes, John Maynard, 313

  Khaki Election, 288–92, 312, 325–26, 459, 552

  Khartoum:

  Kitchener’s march on, 250, 762–63

  relief of, 507–8

  Kiderlen-Waechter, Alfred von, 112, 139, 170, 211

  Agadir Crisis and, 724–26, 728–30, 733–34, 736n, 737–44, 748, 790

  Anglo-German naval talks and, 707–8

  background of, 715–19

  Daily Telegraph crisis and, 718

  death of, 841

  foreign policy skills of, 717–19

  Haldane Mission and, 810–11

  Jagow compared with, 842

  Morocco and, 718–24

  Kitchener, Lord Horatio Herbert:

  Boer War and, 274, 308, 553–54

  Churchill and, 762–63, 766, 773

  Churchill’s Naval Estimates and, 824

  Fashoda crisis and, 252–53, 255, 342

  Sudanese campaign and, 250–51, 762–63

  Klehmet, Reinhold, 684, 686, 689n

  Kluck, Alexander von, 902

  Knorr, Eduard von, 163–64, 174, 223

  Kotwitz, Baron von, 158

  Kruger, Paul, 155, 216–18

  Boer War and, 271–72, 275, 289, 550–51

  conspiracy against, 218–19

  Germany and, 221, 223–24

  Jameson Raid and, 218–21, 223

  Uitlander case and, 217

  Victoria’s illness and, 297

&
nbsp; Kruger Telegram, 212, 223–28, 230–31, 240–41, 244

  Krupp, Friedrich, 48, 178, 286

  Krypke, Hedwig, 717, 740, 842

  Kühlmann, Baron Richard von, 357

  Lambton, Admiral, 516, 536

  Lamsdorff, Count Vladimir, 596–97

  Langtry, Edward, 19

  Langtry, Lillie, 19, 156

  Lansdowne, Lord, 192, 290–91, 308, 321, 337–41, 365, 589n, 592, 903

  Anglo-French Entente and, 343–44, 346–49, 562

  Anglo-German alliance negotiations and, 292, 302, 304–5, 309

  Anglo-Japanese alliance and, 339–41

  Anglo-Russian Entente and, 597

  background of, 337–39

  Boer War and, 338–39

  Bosnia Crisis and, 606

  House of Lords and, 645, 657–61

  Morocco crisis and, 360–61, 363

  1909 budget and, 649, 651

  social reform and, 643

  Lascelles, Sir Frank, 222, 340, 681

  Anglo-German alliance negotiations and, 305

  Samoan crisis and, 258, 261

  Lawson, Sir Wilfred, 330

  League of Three Emperors, 78–79, 81–82

  Leboeuf, Edmond, 62, 617

  LeCompte, Raymond, 673

  Lee, Arthur, 533

  Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern, 61

  Le Queux, William, 635–39

  Lesseps, Ferdinand de, 83

  Letters from the Front (Churchill), 760

  Liberal Party:

  Boer War and, 550–52, 554–55, 557, 587

  Campbell-Bannerman and, 548–64

  imperialist vs. Gladstonian idealist factions of, 550–52, 554–64

  Lichnowsky, Prince Karl Max, 817, 830–31

  Anglo-Russian naval talks and, 847

  Austro-Serbian conflict and, 880–87, 901

  and Bülow-Holstein conflict, 843

  German naval expansion and, 848–49

  and German policy toward Britain, 843–45

  and German threat to Belgium, 903

  and German threat to France, 875–76, 885, 890, 900

  Russo-German conflict and, 871–72, 875, 880–81, 885, 900

  Liebknecht, Wilhelm, 66, 135

  Life of Nelson and His Times (Beresford), 511

  Lindequist, Friedrich von, 741

  Linevitch, General, 281, 283

  Lipton, Sir Thomas, 154, 156

  Lloyd George, David, 487, 771, 904

  Agadir Crisis and, 731–38

  Anglo-German naval talks and, 697–99, 709, 802

  and anti-war movement, 898

  Asquith and, 576

  Austro-Serbian conflict and, 880, 889

  Boer War and, 550, 560, 562

  and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 629

  Churchill and, 776

  Churchill’s Naval Estimates and, 833–36

  Fisher-Beresford conflict and, 531–32

  and German threat to France, 902

  House of Lords and, 642, 644, 648–49, 657–58

  Naval Scare and, 609, 614–15, 622, 624–25, 819

  1909 budget and, 646–51

 

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