Stalin: A Biography

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Stalin: A Biography Page 88

by Robert Service


  Dzhugheli, Severian

  Dzierzyński, Felix: Stalin attacks on national question; employs state terror methods; co-writes report with Stalin on party/state institutions; in Lenin’s Testament; and Lenin’s health decline; at Lenin’s funeral; as head of GPU; and threat of rival parties; relations with Stalin; and Stalin’s vengefulness

  Eastman, Max

  Eden, Anthony

  Egnatashvili, Yakob

  Ehrenburg, Ilya

  Eisenhower, General Dwight D.

  Eismont, Nikolai

  Eizenshtein, Sergei

  El-Registan, Garold

  Emancipation Edict (1861)

  Engels, Friedrich

  Enukidze, Abel

  Eristavi, Count Rapael

  Eshba, Yefrem

  Estonia: revolutionary unrest in; resists Soviet expansionism; as Soviet republic; reclaims independence; Stalin demands and occupies; Germans conquer; reannexed by USSR; Stalin’s post-war aims in; armed resistance in; deportations from; see also Baltic states

  Ethiopia

  Europe: post-war settlement negotiated; east under Soviet control; Marshall Aid for; economic policy in east; national independence in east; effect of Khrushchëv’s Stalin denunciation in east

  Fadeev, Alexander; The Young Guard

  famines,

  Fascism

  Finland: hostility to Russia; self-rule proposed for; secedes from Russia (1918); as potential invader of USSR; Soviet war with (1939–40)

  Five-Year Plans: First; Second

  forced labour; see also Gulag; labour camps

  Fotieva, Lidia

  France: Politburo perceives as threat; attitude to USSR; Stalin woos; neutrality in Spanish Civil War; pre-war relations with USSR; Germans defeat (1940); Stalin’s concern for

  Franco, General Francisco,

  Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria

  French Communist Party

  Fried, Eugen

  Galperin, Lev

  Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma)

  Gegechkori, Yevgeni

  Genghis Khan

  Georgia: under Russian control; social life; traditions and culture; Marxism in; unrest in; peasants in; nationalism in; Bolshevik-Menshevik differences in; Stalin’s preoccupation with; in Stalin’s Marxism and the National Question; and federal union; as Soviet republic; borders disputed; conquered by Red Army (1921); ethnic problems in; and Abkhazia; Stalin revisits (1921); uprising (1924); and Stalin’s national feelings in the 1930s; repressions in; blood feuds and revenge in; wines; Stalin’s reputation in

  Georgiu-Dej, Gheorghe

  Germans (ethnic): killed in Great Terror

  Germany: Soviet post-war policy in; in First World War; allows Lenin to return to Russia, ref; peace ultimatum to Russia; Lenin plans intervention in; Lenin favours understanding with; military cooperation with Soviet Union; Kautsky’s influence in; economic development; Communist Party in; prospective war with USSR; and Nazi repressions; finds Soviet collaborators after invasion; economic disruption in; Stalin’s pre-war policy on; as threat; intervenes in Spanish Civil War; annexes Austria and Czechoslovakia; signs Anti-Comintern Pact; expansionism; non-aggression pact with USSR (1939); invades and conquers Poland; advance in West (1940); invades USSR (Operation Barbarossa); conquests and advance in USSR; wartime atrocities; advance halted; successes in North Africa; casualties at Stalingrad; retreats before Red Army; antipathy to Panslavism; post-war treatment by Allies; USSR demands reparations from; Allied advances against; defeat and surrender (1945); postwar denazification policy on; occupation zones; Democratic Republic (East Germany) formed; Federal Republic (West Germany) formed; Stalin proposes united government in; see also Hitler, Adolf

  Germogen (Rector of Tiflis Spiritual Seminary)

  Getty, J. Arch

  Gio, Artëm

  Glavlit

  Glurzhidze, Grigol

  Goebbels, Josef

  Gogebashvili, Yakob

  Golovanov, General A.E.

  Gomułka, Władysław

  Gorbachëv, Mikhail

  Gorbatov, Boris

  Gori, Georgia

  Gorki, Maxim

  Gosplan (State Planning Committee): established; controls economy; under pressure from Stalin; success

  Gottwald, Klement

  GPU (formerly Cheka): on succession to Lenin; Bolsheviks’ dependence on; see also NKVD

  grain: post-Revolution shortages; and procurement; and peasant hoarding; and Stalin’s economic policy; prices; exports; quotas

  Great Terror: and Stalin’s despotism; Stalin’s responsibility for questioned; and Stalin’s supposed work for Okhrana; foreshadowed in Civil War; Khrushchëv’s part in; effect on intellectuals; and Bolshevist values; sanctioned and practised; ends; Khrushchëv denounces; effects

  Greece: post-war unrest in; communism in

  Grek, Mitka

  Gromyko, Andrei

  Groza, Petru

  Guchkov, Alexander

  Gulag: expanded; Trotskyists dispatched to; ethnic Russians avoid; conditions in; economic effects of; intransigence in; mineral production; prisoners-of-war in

  Gumilëv, Lev

  Gumilëv, Nikolai

  Harbin: Great Terror in

  Harriman, Averell,

  Hervieu, Mme (Tbilisi dressmaker)

  Herzen, Alexander: General Philosophy of the Soul

  Hingley, Ronald

  Hirohito, Emperor of Japan

  Hiroshima

  Hitler, Adolf: Jewish policy; becomes Chancellor; Stalin admires for brutality; repressions; cult of; rise to power; intervenes in Spanish Civil War; as threat; Communist opposition to; Stalin considers deal with; and non-aggression pact with USSR (1939); Stalin’s view of; concedes Baltic States to Stalin; Stalin appeases; aggressiveness; plans to attack USSR; invades USSR; and initial German successes in USSR; despises Slavs; occupation policy in USSR; and German isolation in USSR; orders offensive against Stalingrad; and Stalingrad defeat; and imprisonment of Stalin’s son Yakov; interferes in conduct of Russian campaign; Stalin’s rivalry with; and Soviet advance; retains army support; suicide; remains removed to Moscow; Stalin compared with; posthumous reputation; Mein Kampf; see also Germany

  Hoxha, Enver

  Hümmet organisation (Azerbaijan)

  Hungary: and Panslavism; USSR demands reparations from; anti-communist majority in; Soviet interference in

  Ibárruri, Dolores (‘La Pasionaria’)

  Ignatev, Sergei

  Ilichëv, Leonid

  Ilovaiski, D.I.

  Indian National Congress

  Industrial Academy, Moscow

  Industrial Party (fictitious)

  industrialisation: Stalin introduces forced-rate; and labour force; advanced; and worker unrest; growth targets reduced; and increased output

  Institute of Red Professors

  International Brigades (Spain)

  International, Fourth

  Ioffe, Adolf

  Irakli II, ruler of Georgia

  Iran: wartime supplies to USSR through; Soviet forces in

  Iremashvili, Joseph

  Iskra (journal)

  Israel: Stalin quarrels with

  Istomina, Valentina,

  Italian Communist Party

  Italy: in Spanish Civil War; signs Anti-Comintern Pact; Stalin’s concern for; Eurocommunism in

  Ivan IV (the Terrible), Tsar: Stalin’s view of; and Russian nationhood

  Ivan the Terrible (film)

  Ivanovo

  Iveria (newspaper)

  Japan: war with Russia (1904–5); as threat to USSR; US policy towards; occupies Manchuria; invades China; signs Anti-Comintern Pact; war with USSR (1939–40); in Second World War; Stalin promises to enter war against; Allied ultimatum to from Potsdam; surrender after atom-bomb attacks; US post-war hegemony in; and Korean War

  Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee

  Jewish Bund,

  Jews: in Menshevik party; Stalin’s attitude to; and nationality question; repre
ssed and persecuted; in foreign communist parties; post-war policy of hostility to; see also anti-semitism

  Kadets see Constitutional-Democratic Party

  Kaganovich, Lazar: supports Stalin in Orgburo; as First Secretary of Communist Party of Ukraine; deports Poles; shares Stalin’s assumptions; in Politburo; Stalin orders to shave off beard; Stalin devolves power to; as Stalin’s confidant; and growth of state power; approves Nadya Allilueva’s travel abroad; speaks at Nadya’s funeral; on effect of Nadya’s suicide on Stalin; pleads for industrial slowdown; requests lowering of Ukraine grain quotas; engineers Stalin’s re-election at 17th Party Congress; orders demolition of Moscow cathedral; and Stalin’s family ride on Metro; and Stalin’s views on Nakhaev; writes memoirs; shares Stalin’s class attitudes; and Stalin’s belief in decisive action; on Stalin’s fear of ‘fifth column’; and Yezhov’s appointment to NKVD; Stalin accuses; participates in Great Terror; Stalin asks to prevent publication of articles; association with Stalin; and sister’s supposed relations with Stalin; reponsibilities for transport in war; imitates Stalin; Jewishness; and Stalin’s wish to retire; and succession to Stalin; and Stalin’s death; approves reforms after Stalin’s death

  Kaganovich, Maya

  Kaganovich, Moisei

  Kaganovich, Rosa

  Kalashnikov (of Industrial Academy)

  Kaledin, General Alexei

  Kalinin, Mikhail: and Stalin’s return to work after appendectomy; and agrarian policy; as head of state; and popular unrest; and Stalin’s rule; wife arrested and detained; fondness for ballerinas

  Kalinina, Yelena

  Kamenev, Lev: character; leads Marxist group in Tbilisi; internationalism; Stalin meets in Kraków; Lenin demands punishment of; in exile; tried (1915); and Grand Duke Mikhail’s refusal to take crown; supports Provisional Government0; rejected for membership of Russian Bureau; returns to Petrograd; appointed to editorial board of Pravda; combative programme; Lenin attacks; and First World War; follows Lenin’s strategy; Lenin supports for election to Central Committee; arrested by Provisional Government; in Central Committee; opposes Lenin’s revolutionary policy; status and fame; Jewishness; opposes gratuitous violence; supports separate peace in First World War; in Civil War; and control of Cheka; and revolutions abroad; heart problems; and Stalin’s appointment as General Secretary of Party; and dispute between Stalin and Lenin on autonomisation; opposes incorporation of Soviet republics; in Lenin’s Testament; Krupskaya writes to on Stalin’s abuse; protects and allies with Stalin; authority in Politburo; administrative duties; at Lenin’s funeral; fails to press Testament charges against Stalin; defeats Left Opposition; mistaken reference to nepman; Stalin turns against; economic policy; leadership ambitions; opposes Stalin and Bukharin; writes on Leninism; excluded from Central Committee; and Bukharin’s peasant policy; as continuing threat; evidence of disloyalty to Stalin; taken into NKVD custody and sentenced; confession and execution; Voroshilov disparages; and Svetlana’s love affairs

  Kamenev, Sergei

  Kameneva, Olga

  Kaminski, G.M.

  Kaminski, V.

  ‘Kamo’ see Ter-Petrosyan, Semën

  Kanner, Grigori

  Kapanadze, Peter

  Kapler, Alexei

  Karamzin, Nikolai

  Karpov, B.

  Karpov, G.

  Katyn forest massacre (1940)

  Kautsky, Karl; The Driving Forces and Prospects of the Russian Revolution

  Kavtaradze, Sergei

  Kazakhstan: famine in; supposed genocide in; agricultural reforms in

  Kemal Pasha (Ataturk)

  Kennan, George

  Kerenski, Alexander: in Provisional Government; and conduct of First World War; premiership; calls Democratic Conference; Lenin demands overthrow of; and Bolshevik threat; defeated in move against Petrograd

  Ketskhoveli, Lado

  Ketskhoveli, Vano

  Ketskhoveli, Vladimir

  Kharkov

  Khazan, Tamara (wife of Andrei Andreev)

  Khazanova, Tamara

  Khlevnyuk, Oleg

  Kholodnaya Rechka

  Khrennikov, Tikhon

  Khrushchëv, Nikita: denounces Stalin; on Stalin’s early modesty; in Great Terror; Stalin accuses of being Pole; on ‘cult of personality’; association with Stalin; womanising and drinking; rebuked for congratulating Stalin on victory over Germany; on counter-productive effect of repression; desires agricultural reform; and famine in Ukraine (1947); Stalin teases for corpulence; at Nineteenth Party Congress; fears Stalin’s disfavour; at Stalin’s 73rd birthday party; watches film with Stalin; and succession to Stalin; reforms after Stalin’s death; rise to power; removed from power (1964); reputation

  Khrustalëv, Ivan

  Kiev: falls to Germans

  Kim Il-Sung

  Kirov, Sergei: supports Stalin on status of republics; in Caucasian Bureau; allies with Stalin; and grain procurement; friendship with Stalin; asked to take over from Stalin; assassinated; and national identity

  Kishkin, Nikolai

  Kislovodsk episode

  Kleiner, I.N.

  Klimov, M. (Svetlana’s bodyguard)

  Knorin, V.G.

  Knunyants, Bogdan

  Kobulov, Bogdan

  Kolchak, Admiral Alexander

  Kolkhoz Model Statute (1935)

  kolkhozes (collective farms); markets

  Kollontai, Alexandra

  Komsomol: militancy; support for Stalin

  Kondratev, Nikolai

  Konev, General Ivan

  Königsberg,

  Konovalov, Alexander

  Korchagina, Alexandra

  Korean War (1950–53)

  Kornev (acquaintance of Stalin)

  Kornilov, General Lavr

  Korshunova, Fekla

  Kosior, Stanislav

  Kovalëv, Ivan

  Kraków

  Krasin, Lev

  Krasnov, General P.N.

  Krasnoyarsk

  Krasnoyarsk Party Regional Committee

  Kravchenko (prison guard)

  Krestinski, Nikolai,

  Kronstadt; naval mutiny (1921)

  Kruglov, Sergei

  Krupskaya, Nadezhda (Lenin’s wife): invites Stalin to dine; dispute with Stalin; and Lenin’s health decline; Stalin abuses; objects to embalming and display of Lenin; as Lenin’s biographer; and Lenin’s Testament; relations with Nadya Allilueva; asks Nadya Allilueva to intervene in Georgian affair; supports Zinoviev and Kamenev; and culture

  Kseshinskaya, Matilda

  Kuban area (north Caucasus)

  Kuibyshev

  Kuibyshev, Valeryan

  kulaks: Stalin persecutes; Bukharin supports; wish for commercial opportunities; taxed; flourish; excluded from collective farms; repressed in Ukraine; see also peasants

  Kulikov, Yevgeni

  Kun, Miklós

  Kuntsevo

  Kuomintang,

  Kurchatov, Igor

  Kureika (hamlet), Turukhansk District

  Kurile Islands

  Kursk, battle of (1943)

  Kushner, Professor

  Kutaisi Prison

  Kutuzov, Mikhail

  Kuzakova, Maria

  Kuznetsov, Alexei

  Kuznetsov, Admiral N.G.

  Kvali (Tbilisi newspaper)

  labour camps; see also Gulag

  Labouring Peasant Party (fictitious)

  Lagidze, Mitrofan

  Lakoba, Nestor

  Landau, Lev

  Largiashvili (seminarist)

  Largo Caballero, Francisco

  Lashevich, Mikhail,

  Latvia: resists Soviet expansionism; as Soviet republic; nationhood in; reclaims independence; German-Soviet conflict over; Stalin demands and occupies; Germans conquer; reannexed by USSR; Stalin’s post-war aims in; armed resistance in; deportations from; see also Baltic states

  Latvians: killed in Great Terror

  Lazurkina, Dora

  League of the Militant Godless,

/>   League of Nations: excludes USSR; USSR applies for admission; ineffectiveness against Japan

  Left Opposition: supports Trotski; criticises economic policy; Stalin defeats

  Left Socialist-Revolutionaries

  Lend-Lease

  Lenin in October (film)

  Lenin, Vladimir: founds USSR; Stalin’s early impressions, of; Stalin’s attitude to; agrarian policy; and founding of Iskra; Stalin meets in Finland; at 1905 Stockholm conference; at London conference (1907); offers deal to Georgian Mensheviks; accepts criminal funding; breaks with Mensheviks; forms new Central Committee; co-opts Stalin onto Central Committee; praises Stalin; Stalin meets in Kraków; convenes conference in Prague; as thinker; Stalin’s disagreements with; and national question; attacks Jews; opposes Russian participation in First World War; letter from Stalin in exile; demands overthrow of Provisional Government; returns to Russia; revolutionary policy; in hiding following arrest warrant; regard for Trotski; drafts decrees on land and peace; forms Sovnarkom; disfavours coalition of socialist parties; foreign policy; forms Cheka; and separate peace with Central Powers; and state terror; in Civil War; and Stalin’s authority in Volga region; and control of Cheka; Stalin defers to; prestige; and war with Poland (1920); attends Ninth Party Conference; and Trotski’s condemnation of trade unions; introduces New Economic Policy; seeks control of central party apparatus; approves appointment of Stalin as General Secretary of Party; health problems; administrative duties; assassination attempt on; view of and relations with Stalin; renewed alliance with Trotski; favours federal structure; Testament (‘Letter to the Congress’); and Stalin’s abuse of Krupskaya; death and funeral; posthumous cult; Stalin writes on; Nadya Allilueva works for; speaks at Tenth Party Congress; and Stalin’s personality; on capitalist competitiveness; and Mayakovski; belief in outside interference; and promotion of professionally competent; rebukes Stalin for violence; on decisive action; compared with Stalin; cult; in Stalinist Short Course; and world revolution; proposed evacuation of corpse in war; view of foreign hostility; on end of capitalism; ideological influence on Stalin; Stalin invokes in Nineteenth Party Congress speech; communist state policy; April Theses; ‘Better Fewer But Better’; ‘Marxism and Insurrection’; Materialism and Empiriocriticism; The State and Revolution; What Is To Be Done?

  Leningrad see St Petersburg

  Leningrad Affair (1948)

  Leningrad Opposition

  Levitan, Isaak

  Libya: as Soviet protectorate

  Lie, Trygve

 

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