Stalin: A Biography
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Dzhugheli, Severian
Dzierzyński, Felix: Stalin attacks on national question; employs state terror methods; co-writes report with Stalin on party/state institutions; in Lenin’s Testament; and Lenin’s health decline; at Lenin’s funeral; as head of GPU; and threat of rival parties; relations with Stalin; and Stalin’s vengefulness
Eastman, Max
Eden, Anthony
Egnatashvili, Yakob
Ehrenburg, Ilya
Eisenhower, General Dwight D.
Eismont, Nikolai
Eizenshtein, Sergei
El-Registan, Garold
Emancipation Edict (1861)
Engels, Friedrich
Enukidze, Abel
Eristavi, Count Rapael
Eshba, Yefrem
Estonia: revolutionary unrest in; resists Soviet expansionism; as Soviet republic; reclaims independence; Stalin demands and occupies; Germans conquer; reannexed by USSR; Stalin’s post-war aims in; armed resistance in; deportations from; see also Baltic states
Ethiopia
Europe: post-war settlement negotiated; east under Soviet control; Marshall Aid for; economic policy in east; national independence in east; effect of Khrushchëv’s Stalin denunciation in east
Fadeev, Alexander; The Young Guard
famines,
Fascism
Finland: hostility to Russia; self-rule proposed for; secedes from Russia (1918); as potential invader of USSR; Soviet war with (1939–40)
Five-Year Plans: First; Second
forced labour; see also Gulag; labour camps
Fotieva, Lidia
France: Politburo perceives as threat; attitude to USSR; Stalin woos; neutrality in Spanish Civil War; pre-war relations with USSR; Germans defeat (1940); Stalin’s concern for
Franco, General Francisco,
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria
French Communist Party
Fried, Eugen
Galperin, Lev
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma)
Gegechkori, Yevgeni
Genghis Khan
Georgia: under Russian control; social life; traditions and culture; Marxism in; unrest in; peasants in; nationalism in; Bolshevik-Menshevik differences in; Stalin’s preoccupation with; in Stalin’s Marxism and the National Question; and federal union; as Soviet republic; borders disputed; conquered by Red Army (1921); ethnic problems in; and Abkhazia; Stalin revisits (1921); uprising (1924); and Stalin’s national feelings in the 1930s; repressions in; blood feuds and revenge in; wines; Stalin’s reputation in
Georgiu-Dej, Gheorghe
Germans (ethnic): killed in Great Terror
Germany: Soviet post-war policy in; in First World War; allows Lenin to return to Russia, ref; peace ultimatum to Russia; Lenin plans intervention in; Lenin favours understanding with; military cooperation with Soviet Union; Kautsky’s influence in; economic development; Communist Party in; prospective war with USSR; and Nazi repressions; finds Soviet collaborators after invasion; economic disruption in; Stalin’s pre-war policy on; as threat; intervenes in Spanish Civil War; annexes Austria and Czechoslovakia; signs Anti-Comintern Pact; expansionism; non-aggression pact with USSR (1939); invades and conquers Poland; advance in West (1940); invades USSR (Operation Barbarossa); conquests and advance in USSR; wartime atrocities; advance halted; successes in North Africa; casualties at Stalingrad; retreats before Red Army; antipathy to Panslavism; post-war treatment by Allies; USSR demands reparations from; Allied advances against; defeat and surrender (1945); postwar denazification policy on; occupation zones; Democratic Republic (East Germany) formed; Federal Republic (West Germany) formed; Stalin proposes united government in; see also Hitler, Adolf
Germogen (Rector of Tiflis Spiritual Seminary)
Getty, J. Arch
Gio, Artëm
Glavlit
Glurzhidze, Grigol
Goebbels, Josef
Gogebashvili, Yakob
Golovanov, General A.E.
Gomułka, Władysław
Gorbachëv, Mikhail
Gorbatov, Boris
Gori, Georgia
Gorki, Maxim
Gosplan (State Planning Committee): established; controls economy; under pressure from Stalin; success
Gottwald, Klement
GPU (formerly Cheka): on succession to Lenin; Bolsheviks’ dependence on; see also NKVD
grain: post-Revolution shortages; and procurement; and peasant hoarding; and Stalin’s economic policy; prices; exports; quotas
Great Terror: and Stalin’s despotism; Stalin’s responsibility for questioned; and Stalin’s supposed work for Okhrana; foreshadowed in Civil War; Khrushchëv’s part in; effect on intellectuals; and Bolshevist values; sanctioned and practised; ends; Khrushchëv denounces; effects
Greece: post-war unrest in; communism in
Grek, Mitka
Gromyko, Andrei
Groza, Petru
Guchkov, Alexander
Gulag: expanded; Trotskyists dispatched to; ethnic Russians avoid; conditions in; economic effects of; intransigence in; mineral production; prisoners-of-war in
Gumilëv, Lev
Gumilëv, Nikolai
Harbin: Great Terror in
Harriman, Averell,
Hervieu, Mme (Tbilisi dressmaker)
Herzen, Alexander: General Philosophy of the Soul
Hingley, Ronald
Hirohito, Emperor of Japan
Hiroshima
Hitler, Adolf: Jewish policy; becomes Chancellor; Stalin admires for brutality; repressions; cult of; rise to power; intervenes in Spanish Civil War; as threat; Communist opposition to; Stalin considers deal with; and non-aggression pact with USSR (1939); Stalin’s view of; concedes Baltic States to Stalin; Stalin appeases; aggressiveness; plans to attack USSR; invades USSR; and initial German successes in USSR; despises Slavs; occupation policy in USSR; and German isolation in USSR; orders offensive against Stalingrad; and Stalingrad defeat; and imprisonment of Stalin’s son Yakov; interferes in conduct of Russian campaign; Stalin’s rivalry with; and Soviet advance; retains army support; suicide; remains removed to Moscow; Stalin compared with; posthumous reputation; Mein Kampf; see also Germany
Hoxha, Enver
Hümmet organisation (Azerbaijan)
Hungary: and Panslavism; USSR demands reparations from; anti-communist majority in; Soviet interference in
Ibárruri, Dolores (‘La Pasionaria’)
Ignatev, Sergei
Ilichëv, Leonid
Ilovaiski, D.I.
Indian National Congress
Industrial Academy, Moscow
Industrial Party (fictitious)
industrialisation: Stalin introduces forced-rate; and labour force; advanced; and worker unrest; growth targets reduced; and increased output
Institute of Red Professors
International Brigades (Spain)
International, Fourth
Ioffe, Adolf
Irakli II, ruler of Georgia
Iran: wartime supplies to USSR through; Soviet forces in
Iremashvili, Joseph
Iskra (journal)
Israel: Stalin quarrels with
Istomina, Valentina,
Italian Communist Party
Italy: in Spanish Civil War; signs Anti-Comintern Pact; Stalin’s concern for; Eurocommunism in
Ivan IV (the Terrible), Tsar: Stalin’s view of; and Russian nationhood
Ivan the Terrible (film)
Ivanovo
Iveria (newspaper)
Japan: war with Russia (1904–5); as threat to USSR; US policy towards; occupies Manchuria; invades China; signs Anti-Comintern Pact; war with USSR (1939–40); in Second World War; Stalin promises to enter war against; Allied ultimatum to from Potsdam; surrender after atom-bomb attacks; US post-war hegemony in; and Korean War
Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
Jewish Bund,
Jews: in Menshevik party; Stalin’s attitude to; and nationality question; repre
ssed and persecuted; in foreign communist parties; post-war policy of hostility to; see also anti-semitism
Kadets see Constitutional-Democratic Party
Kaganovich, Lazar: supports Stalin in Orgburo; as First Secretary of Communist Party of Ukraine; deports Poles; shares Stalin’s assumptions; in Politburo; Stalin orders to shave off beard; Stalin devolves power to; as Stalin’s confidant; and growth of state power; approves Nadya Allilueva’s travel abroad; speaks at Nadya’s funeral; on effect of Nadya’s suicide on Stalin; pleads for industrial slowdown; requests lowering of Ukraine grain quotas; engineers Stalin’s re-election at 17th Party Congress; orders demolition of Moscow cathedral; and Stalin’s family ride on Metro; and Stalin’s views on Nakhaev; writes memoirs; shares Stalin’s class attitudes; and Stalin’s belief in decisive action; on Stalin’s fear of ‘fifth column’; and Yezhov’s appointment to NKVD; Stalin accuses; participates in Great Terror; Stalin asks to prevent publication of articles; association with Stalin; and sister’s supposed relations with Stalin; reponsibilities for transport in war; imitates Stalin; Jewishness; and Stalin’s wish to retire; and succession to Stalin; and Stalin’s death; approves reforms after Stalin’s death
Kaganovich, Maya
Kaganovich, Moisei
Kaganovich, Rosa
Kalashnikov (of Industrial Academy)
Kaledin, General Alexei
Kalinin, Mikhail: and Stalin’s return to work after appendectomy; and agrarian policy; as head of state; and popular unrest; and Stalin’s rule; wife arrested and detained; fondness for ballerinas
Kalinina, Yelena
Kamenev, Lev: character; leads Marxist group in Tbilisi; internationalism; Stalin meets in Kraków; Lenin demands punishment of; in exile; tried (1915); and Grand Duke Mikhail’s refusal to take crown; supports Provisional Government0; rejected for membership of Russian Bureau; returns to Petrograd; appointed to editorial board of Pravda; combative programme; Lenin attacks; and First World War; follows Lenin’s strategy; Lenin supports for election to Central Committee; arrested by Provisional Government; in Central Committee; opposes Lenin’s revolutionary policy; status and fame; Jewishness; opposes gratuitous violence; supports separate peace in First World War; in Civil War; and control of Cheka; and revolutions abroad; heart problems; and Stalin’s appointment as General Secretary of Party; and dispute between Stalin and Lenin on autonomisation; opposes incorporation of Soviet republics; in Lenin’s Testament; Krupskaya writes to on Stalin’s abuse; protects and allies with Stalin; authority in Politburo; administrative duties; at Lenin’s funeral; fails to press Testament charges against Stalin; defeats Left Opposition; mistaken reference to nepman; Stalin turns against; economic policy; leadership ambitions; opposes Stalin and Bukharin; writes on Leninism; excluded from Central Committee; and Bukharin’s peasant policy; as continuing threat; evidence of disloyalty to Stalin; taken into NKVD custody and sentenced; confession and execution; Voroshilov disparages; and Svetlana’s love affairs
Kamenev, Sergei
Kameneva, Olga
Kaminski, G.M.
Kaminski, V.
‘Kamo’ see Ter-Petrosyan, Semën
Kanner, Grigori
Kapanadze, Peter
Kapler, Alexei
Karamzin, Nikolai
Karpov, B.
Karpov, G.
Katyn forest massacre (1940)
Kautsky, Karl; The Driving Forces and Prospects of the Russian Revolution
Kavtaradze, Sergei
Kazakhstan: famine in; supposed genocide in; agricultural reforms in
Kemal Pasha (Ataturk)
Kennan, George
Kerenski, Alexander: in Provisional Government; and conduct of First World War; premiership; calls Democratic Conference; Lenin demands overthrow of; and Bolshevik threat; defeated in move against Petrograd
Ketskhoveli, Lado
Ketskhoveli, Vano
Ketskhoveli, Vladimir
Kharkov
Khazan, Tamara (wife of Andrei Andreev)
Khazanova, Tamara
Khlevnyuk, Oleg
Kholodnaya Rechka
Khrennikov, Tikhon
Khrushchëv, Nikita: denounces Stalin; on Stalin’s early modesty; in Great Terror; Stalin accuses of being Pole; on ‘cult of personality’; association with Stalin; womanising and drinking; rebuked for congratulating Stalin on victory over Germany; on counter-productive effect of repression; desires agricultural reform; and famine in Ukraine (1947); Stalin teases for corpulence; at Nineteenth Party Congress; fears Stalin’s disfavour; at Stalin’s 73rd birthday party; watches film with Stalin; and succession to Stalin; reforms after Stalin’s death; rise to power; removed from power (1964); reputation
Khrustalëv, Ivan
Kiev: falls to Germans
Kim Il-Sung
Kirov, Sergei: supports Stalin on status of republics; in Caucasian Bureau; allies with Stalin; and grain procurement; friendship with Stalin; asked to take over from Stalin; assassinated; and national identity
Kishkin, Nikolai
Kislovodsk episode
Kleiner, I.N.
Klimov, M. (Svetlana’s bodyguard)
Knorin, V.G.
Knunyants, Bogdan
Kobulov, Bogdan
Kolchak, Admiral Alexander
Kolkhoz Model Statute (1935)
kolkhozes (collective farms); markets
Kollontai, Alexandra
Komsomol: militancy; support for Stalin
Kondratev, Nikolai
Konev, General Ivan
Königsberg,
Konovalov, Alexander
Korchagina, Alexandra
Korean War (1950–53)
Kornev (acquaintance of Stalin)
Kornilov, General Lavr
Korshunova, Fekla
Kosior, Stanislav
Kovalëv, Ivan
Kraków
Krasin, Lev
Krasnov, General P.N.
Krasnoyarsk
Krasnoyarsk Party Regional Committee
Kravchenko (prison guard)
Krestinski, Nikolai,
Kronstadt; naval mutiny (1921)
Kruglov, Sergei
Krupskaya, Nadezhda (Lenin’s wife): invites Stalin to dine; dispute with Stalin; and Lenin’s health decline; Stalin abuses; objects to embalming and display of Lenin; as Lenin’s biographer; and Lenin’s Testament; relations with Nadya Allilueva; asks Nadya Allilueva to intervene in Georgian affair; supports Zinoviev and Kamenev; and culture
Kseshinskaya, Matilda
Kuban area (north Caucasus)
Kuibyshev
Kuibyshev, Valeryan
kulaks: Stalin persecutes; Bukharin supports; wish for commercial opportunities; taxed; flourish; excluded from collective farms; repressed in Ukraine; see also peasants
Kulikov, Yevgeni
Kun, Miklós
Kuntsevo
Kuomintang,
Kurchatov, Igor
Kureika (hamlet), Turukhansk District
Kurile Islands
Kursk, battle of (1943)
Kushner, Professor
Kutaisi Prison
Kutuzov, Mikhail
Kuzakova, Maria
Kuznetsov, Alexei
Kuznetsov, Admiral N.G.
Kvali (Tbilisi newspaper)
labour camps; see also Gulag
Labouring Peasant Party (fictitious)
Lagidze, Mitrofan
Lakoba, Nestor
Landau, Lev
Largiashvili (seminarist)
Largo Caballero, Francisco
Lashevich, Mikhail,
Latvia: resists Soviet expansionism; as Soviet republic; nationhood in; reclaims independence; German-Soviet conflict over; Stalin demands and occupies; Germans conquer; reannexed by USSR; Stalin’s post-war aims in; armed resistance in; deportations from; see also Baltic states
Latvians: killed in Great Terror
Lazurkina, Dora
League of the Militant Godless,
/> League of Nations: excludes USSR; USSR applies for admission; ineffectiveness against Japan
Left Opposition: supports Trotski; criticises economic policy; Stalin defeats
Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
Lend-Lease
Lenin in October (film)
Lenin, Vladimir: founds USSR; Stalin’s early impressions, of; Stalin’s attitude to; agrarian policy; and founding of Iskra; Stalin meets in Finland; at 1905 Stockholm conference; at London conference (1907); offers deal to Georgian Mensheviks; accepts criminal funding; breaks with Mensheviks; forms new Central Committee; co-opts Stalin onto Central Committee; praises Stalin; Stalin meets in Kraków; convenes conference in Prague; as thinker; Stalin’s disagreements with; and national question; attacks Jews; opposes Russian participation in First World War; letter from Stalin in exile; demands overthrow of Provisional Government; returns to Russia; revolutionary policy; in hiding following arrest warrant; regard for Trotski; drafts decrees on land and peace; forms Sovnarkom; disfavours coalition of socialist parties; foreign policy; forms Cheka; and separate peace with Central Powers; and state terror; in Civil War; and Stalin’s authority in Volga region; and control of Cheka; Stalin defers to; prestige; and war with Poland (1920); attends Ninth Party Conference; and Trotski’s condemnation of trade unions; introduces New Economic Policy; seeks control of central party apparatus; approves appointment of Stalin as General Secretary of Party; health problems; administrative duties; assassination attempt on; view of and relations with Stalin; renewed alliance with Trotski; favours federal structure; Testament (‘Letter to the Congress’); and Stalin’s abuse of Krupskaya; death and funeral; posthumous cult; Stalin writes on; Nadya Allilueva works for; speaks at Tenth Party Congress; and Stalin’s personality; on capitalist competitiveness; and Mayakovski; belief in outside interference; and promotion of professionally competent; rebukes Stalin for violence; on decisive action; compared with Stalin; cult; in Stalinist Short Course; and world revolution; proposed evacuation of corpse in war; view of foreign hostility; on end of capitalism; ideological influence on Stalin; Stalin invokes in Nineteenth Party Congress speech; communist state policy; April Theses; ‘Better Fewer But Better’; ‘Marxism and Insurrection’; Materialism and Empiriocriticism; The State and Revolution; What Is To Be Done?
Leningrad see St Petersburg
Leningrad Affair (1948)
Leningrad Opposition
Levitan, Isaak
Libya: as Soviet protectorate
Lie, Trygve