Marlborough

by Richard Holmes

Northumberland

  Portland

  Somerset

  Spencer

  Stuart

  Henry L. Snyder (ed.) The Marlborough – Godolphin Correspondence (3 vols, Oxford 1975)

  B. van ‘T Hoff The Correspondence 1701–1711 of John Churchill and Anthonie Heinsius (The Hague 1951)

  E.M. Thompson (ed.) Correspondence of the Family of Hatton (2 vols, London 1878)

  G.M. Trevelyan Select Documents from Queen Anne’s Reign Down to the Union with Scotland (Cambridge 1929)

  François Eugène de Vault and Jean Jacques Germain, baron Pelet Mémoires relatifs à la succession d’Espagne … (11 vols, Paris 1835–62)

  The Wentworth Papers (London 1883)

  Books

  Donald Adamson (ed.) Rides Round Britain: John Byng, Viscount Torrington (London 1996)

  Earl of Ailesbury Memoirs of Thomas, Earl of Ailesbury (2 vols, London 1890)

  Sir Archibald Alison Life of John, Duke of Marlborough (2 vols, London 1852)

  Anon The Lives of the Two Illustrious Generals (London 1713)

  Maurice Ashley Charles II (London 1873)

  C.T. Atkinson Marlborough and the Rise of the British Army (New York 1921)

  Brigadier General Colin Ballard The Great Earl of Peterborough (London 1929)

  Correlli Barnett Marlborough (London 1974)

  Mark Bence-Jones and Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd The British Aristocracy (London 1979)

  Memoirs of the Marshal Duke of Berwick, Written by Himself … (2 vols, London 1774)

  Bryan Bevan Marlborough the Man (London 1975)

  —King William III, Prince of Orange: The First European (London 1997)

  Sir William Beveridge et al. Prices and Wages in England from the Twelfth to the Nineteenth Century (London 1939)

  Matthew Bishop The Life and Adventures of Matthew Bishop of Deddington in Oxordshire (London 1744)

  Lieutenant Colonel John Blackader The Life and Diary of Lieut. Col. J. Blackader of the Cameronian Regiment (Edinburgh 1724)

  William Bray (ed.) The Diary of John Evelyn FRS (London 1890)

  Major General J.M. Brereton History of the 4th/7th Dragoon Guards (Catterick 1982)

  Richard Brooks Cassell’s Battlefields of England and Ireland (London 2005)

  Anthony Bruce The Purchase System in the British Army 1660–1871 (London 1980)

  Gilbert Burnet Bishop Burnet’s History of His Own Times (6 vols, Oxford 1833)

  Ivor F. Burton The Captain-General (London 1968)

  Iris Butler Rule of Three (London 1967)

  John Callow King in Exile: James II, Warrior, King and Saint (Stroud 2004)

  Captain George Carleton Military Memoirs (London 1929)

  The Memoirs of Captain George Carleton and the Life and Adventures of Mrs Christian Davies, commonly called Mother Ross (London 1840)

  Thomas Carter (ed.) Historical Record of the Twenty-Sixth or Cameronian Regiment (London 1867)

  Gérard Chaliand (ed.) The Art of War in World History (Berkeley, California 1994)

  David Chandler (ed.) A Journal of Marlborough’s Campaigns … by John Marshall Deane, Private Sentinel in Queen Anne’s First Regiment of Foot Guards (London 1984)

  David Chandler (ed.) Military Memoirs: Robert Parker and the Comte de Mérode-Westerloo (London 1968)

  David Chandler et al. (eds) Military Miscellany II (Stroud 2005)

  David Chandler et al. (eds) Blenheim Preparation (Staplehurst 2004)

  David Chandler The Art of Warfare in the Age of Marlborough (London 1976)

  —Marlborough as a Military Commnader (London 1973)

  Edwin Chappell (ed.) The Tangier Papers of Samuel Pepys (London 1935)

  Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield Letters (5 vols, London 1892)

  G.K. Chesterton A Short History of England (London 1917)

  John Childs The Army of Charles II (London 1976)

  —The Army, James II and the Glorious Revolution (Manchester 1980)

  —The British Army of William III (Manchester 1979)

  Winston S. Churchill Marlborough: His Life and Times (6 vols, New York 1938)

  J.S. Clarke (ed.) The Life of James II (2 vols, London 1816)

  Anne-Marie Cocula (ed.) Mémoires de Monsieur de la Colonie, Maréchal de Camp des Armées de l’Electeur de Bavière (Paris 1992)

  G. Cokayne et al. (eds) The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom … (13 vols, London 1910–59)

  André Corviser La Bataille de Malplaquet 1709 (Paris 1997)

  W.J. Coxe Memoirs of the Duke of Marlborough (3 vols, London 1896)

  The Craftsman (Collected Edition, London 1757)

  Charles Davenant Works (London 1771)

  Ian Davidson Voltaire in Exile (London 2004)

  Louisa Stoughton Drake The Drake Family in England and America 1360–1895 (Boston 1896)

  Peter Drake Amiable Renegade: The Memoirs of Captain Peter Drake (Stanford, California 1960)

  Christopher Duffy The Fortress in the Age of Vauban and Frederick the Great (London 1985)

  J.F. Dutems Histoire de Jean Churchill, Duc de Marlborough (3 vols, Paris 1808)

  Ralph Dutton English Court Life (London 1963)

  H.J. and E.A. Edwards A Short Life of Marlborough (London 1926)

  James Falkner Great and Glorious Days: Marlborough’s Battles 1704–9 (London 2002)

  —Marlborough’s Wars: Eyewitness Accounts 1702–1713 (Barnsley 2005)

  Ophelia Field The Favourite: Sarah Duchess of Marlborough (London 2002)

  C.H. Firth Cromwell’s Army (London 1962)

  Kate Fleming The Churchills (London 1975)

  J.W. Fortescue A History of the British Army (20 vols, London 1910)

  Marian Fowler Blenheim: Biography of a Palace (London 1989)

  H.C. Foxcroft A Supplement to Burnet’s History of My Own Time (Oxford 1902)

  Antonia Fraser King Charles II (London 1979)

  —Love and Louis XIV (London 2006)

  Matthew Glozier The Huguenot Soldiers of William of Orange and the Glorious Revolution of 1688 (Brighton 2002)

  Matthew Glozier and David Onnekink (eds) War, Religion and Service: Huguenot Soldiering, 1685–1713 (Aldershot 2007)

  Sicco van Goslinga Mémoires relatifs à la Guerre de Succession de 1706–1709 et 1711 (Leeuwarden 1857)

  Edward Gregg Queen Anne (London 1980)

  Eric Gruber von Arni Hospital Care and the British Standing Army 1660–1714 (Aldershot 2006)

  Henry Hanning The British Grenadiers (London 2006)

  Frances Harris A Passion for Government: The Life of Sarah Duchess of Marlborough (Oxford 1991)

  Simon Harris Sir Cloudesley Shovell: Stuart Admiral (Staplehurst, Kent 2001)

  Tim Harris Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy 1685–1720 (London 2006)

  R.M. Hatton Charles XII of Sweden (London 1968)

  Nicholas Henderson Prince Eugène of Savoy (London 1964)

  Christopher Hibbert The Marlboroughs (London 2001)

  George Hilton Jones Convergent Forces: Immediate Causes of the Revolution of 1688 in England (Ames, Iowa 1990)

  J.A. Houlding Fit for Service: The Training of the British Army 1715–1795 (Oxford 1981)

  John Hussey Marlborough (London 2004)

  Jens Harald Fibiger Jahn De danske Auxiliairtropper … (2 vols, Copenhagen 1840–41)

  Richard Kane Campaigns of King William and Queen Anne from 1689 to 1712; also a new system of Military Discipline … (London 1745)

  John Keegan and Andrew Wheatcroft Who’s Who in Military History (London 1976)

  O. Klopp Der Fall des Hauses Stuart (14 vols, Vienna 1875–1888)

  The Diary of Dr Edward Lake (London 1846)

  J. Laperelle Marshal Turenne (London 1907)

  Robert Latham (ed.) The Shorter Pepys (London 1985)

  Thomas Lediard The Life of the Duke of Marlborough (London 1736)

  A. Legrelle La Diplomatie Française et la Suc
cession d’Espagne (6 vols, Paris 1892)

  Sir Tresham Lever Godolphin, His Life and Times (London 1952)

  Thomas Babington Macaulay History of England (8 vols, London 1858)

  Derek McKay Prince Eugène of Savoy (London 1977)

  Catharine MacLeod and Julia Marciari (eds) Painted Ladies: Women at the Court of King Charles II (London 2001)

  Peter McPhee A Social History of France 1780–1880 (London 1993)

  M. de la R. Manley Secret Memoirs and Manners of Several Persons of Quality of both sexes from the New Atlantis, an Island in the Mediterranean (London 1741)

  Sarah Duchess of Marlborough An Account of the Conduct of the Dowager Duchess of Marlborough from her first coming to court to the year 1710 (London 1742)

  —Letters … from the originals at Madresfield Court (London 1875)

  William Matthews (ed.) The Diary of Dudley Ryder 1715–1716 (London 1939)

  Brian Miller James II: A Study in Kingship (London 1978)

  Sergeant John Millner A Compendious Journal (London 1733)

  B.R. Mitchell Abstract of British Historical Statistics (Cambridge 1962)

  Michael Orr Dettingen 1743 (London 1972)

  John Paget The New ‘Examen’ (London 1934)

  Liza Picard Restoration London (London 1997)

  Diane W. Ressinger (ed.) Memoirs of Isaac Dumont de Bostaquet, a Gentleman of Normandy (London 2005)

  Captain J. Revol Turenne: Essai de Psychologie militaire (Paris 1910)

  Philip Roberts (ed.) The Diary of Sir David Hamilton 1709–14 (Oxford 1975)

  N.A.M. Rodger The Command of the Ocean (London 2004)

  A.L. Rowse The Early Churchills (London 1956)

  Jules Roy Turenne, sa vie, les institutions militaires de son temps (Paris 1884)

  K.W. von Schöning (ed.) Das General-Feldmarschalls Dubislaw Gneomar von Natzmer: Leben und Kriegshaten (Berlin 1938)

  Major R.E. Scouller The Armies of Queen Anne (Oxford 1966)

  Philip W. Sergeant My Lady Castlemaine (London 1912)

  Frederick Shobel (ed.) Memoirs of Prince Eugène of Savoy Written by Himself (London 1811)

  S.W. Singer (ed.) The Correspondence of Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon (2 vols, London 1828)

  Anne Somerset The Affair of the Poisons (London 2003)

  Charles Spencer Blenheim: Battle for Europe (London 2004)

  Graham Stewart Friendship and Betrayal: Ambition and the Limits of Loyalty (London 2007)

  C. Sturgill Marshal Villars and the War of Spanish Succession (London 1965)

  Arthur Symonds (ed.) Sir Roger de Coverly and other essays from The Spectator (London 1905)

  J.W. Sypesteyn Het leven van Menno baron van Coehoorn (Leeuwarden 1860)

  John Tincey Sedgemoor 1685: Marlborough’s First Victory (Barnsley 2005)

  G.M. Trevelyan England Under Queen Anne: I Blenheim

  —II Ramillies and the Union with Scotland

  —III The Peace and the Protestant Succession (London 1946)

  —English Social History (London 1948)

  Norman Tucker (ed.) ‘The Military Memoirs of John Gwyn’ in Military Memoirs: The Civil War (London 1967)

  Walter C.T. Utt and Bryan E. Straymer The Bellicose Dove: Claude Broussan and Protestant Resistance to Louis XIV 1647–1698 (Brighton 2002)

  John Van Der Kiste William and Mary (Stroud 2003)

  A.J. Veenendaal Het Engels – Nederlands Condominium in Zuidelike Nederlanden … (Utrecht 1945)

  Maureen Waller 1700: Scenes from London Life (London 2000)

  J.N.P. Watson Marlborough’s Shadow: The Life of the First Earl Cadogan (London 2003)

  Stephen Saunders Webb Lord Churchill’s Coup (New York 1995)

  Margaret Whinney and Oliver Millar English Art 1625–1714 (Oxford 1957)

  Major General Barney White-Spunner Horse Guards (London 2007)

  John B. Wolf Louis XIV (New York 1968)

  Field Marshal Viscount Wolseley The Life of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough … (2 vols, London 1894)

  Alan Wykes The Royal Hampshire Regiment (London 1968)

  Peter Young (ed.) ‘The Vindication of Richard Atkyns’ in Military Memoirs: The Civil War (London 1967)

  Articles and Pamphlets

  C.T. Atkinson ‘Queen Anne’s Army’ in Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research No. 36 1958

  —‘A Royal Dragoon in the Spanish Succession War’ Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research No. 60 1938

  Colonel Hugh Boscawen ‘Over the Hills and Far Away: Marlborough: Blenheim and Ramillies – A Reconnaissance’ in British Army Review No. 42 2007

  Lieutenant General the Hon Sir James Campbell of Lawes ‘A Scots Fusilier and Dragoon under Marlborough’ in Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research No. 58 1936

  H.H.E. Craster (ed.) ‘Letters of the First Lord Orkney’ in English Historical Review XIX 1904

  H.G. Farrer ‘Kettledrums as Trophies’ in Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research Vol. 26 1948

  Sir John Fortescue ‘A Junior Officer of Marlborough’s Staff’ in Historical and Military Essays (London 1928)

  Edward Gregg ‘Marlborough in Exile, 1712–1714’ in Historical Journal No. 15 1972

  Frances Harris ‘The Authorship of the Manuscript Blenheim Journal’ in Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research LV 1982

  Geoffrey Holmes and William Speck ‘The Fall of Harley in 1708 Reconsidered’ in English Historical Review LXVI 1965

  ‘The Letters of Samuel Noyes, Chaplain of the Royal Scots 1703–4’ in Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research No. 37 1959

  The London Gazette Assorted reports and announcements

  Ian A. Morrison ‘Survival Skills: An Enterprising Highlander in the Low Countries with Marlborough’ in Grant G. Simpson (ed.) The Scottish Soldier Abroad (Edinburgh 1992)

  ‘Review of a late Treatise entitled an Account of the Conduct of the Dowager D______ of M________’ (London 1742)

  Henry L. Snyder ‘The Duke of Marlborough’s Request of his Captain-Generalcy for Life: A Re-examination’ in Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research Vol. 45 1967

  H. Fitzmaurice Stacke, ‘Cavalry in Marlborough’s Day’ in Cavalry Journal October 1934

  A.J. Veenendaal ‘The Opening Phase of Marlborough’s Campaign of 1708 in the Netherlands’ in History February 1950

  S. Wynne ‘The Mistresses of Charles II and Restoration Court Politics, 1660–1685’ unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge

  INDEX

  The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader’s search tools.

  NOTE: Titles and ranks are generally the highest mentioned in the text

  Aachen, 464–5

  Abbeville, 394, 396

  Abel, John, 208

  Acadia, 459

  Addison, Joseph, 15

  Ailesbury, Elizabeth, Countess of, 178

  Ailesbury, Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of (later 3rd Earl of Elgin):

  relations with Marlborough, 11

  seeks favours from Charles II, 24–5

  on Dutch peers, 27

  and Marlborough constituency, 31

  praises Charles II’s judgement, 91

  on James II’s weaknesses, 96

  on James II in loss of Gloucester, 97

  and Charles II’s death, 109

  on Catholic troop of Life Guards, 132

  and conspiracy against James II, 136

  on desertions to William at 1688 invasion, 148

  and James II’s flight to France, 156

  on William’s coolness towards Marlborough, 157

  denied army commission by Schomberg, 158

  accuses Marlboroughs of rapaciousness, 159

  on wife’s birth in Tower, 178

  imprisoned in Tower, 179

  and plots against William, 187

  on Captain Farewell,
231

  and death of Marlborough’s son, 236

  on Marlborough’s soft-heartedness, 266

  in exile, 300

  on condominium in Spanish Netherlands, 371

  Aire-sur-la-Lys, 451

  Aix la Chapelle, Treaty of (1668), 66

  Alba, Ferdinand Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of, 196

  Albemarle, Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of, 111, 113–15, 124

  Albemarle, George Monck, 1st Duke of, 44, 48, 50

  Albemarle, Henry FitzJames, Duke of, 48

  Albemarle, Joost van Keppel, 1st Earl of, 191, 377, 455

  Albergotti, Lieutenant General, 424, 431, 457

  Alberoni, Giulio, 438

  Algiers, 60–1

  Alington, Colonel Hildebrand, Baron, 76

  Allègre, Lieutenant General Yves, marquis d’, 315, 318–19

  Allen, Sir Thomas, 60–1

  Almanza, battle of (1707), 28, 209, 356–8

  prisoners of war, 368

  Ampthill (constituency), 31

  Anderlecht, 373

  Anhalt-Dessau, Leopold, Prince of, 452–3

  Anjou, Philippe, duc d’ see Philip V, King of Spain

  Anne of Denmark, Queen of James I, 67

  Anne, Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland (earlier Princess):

  Trevelyan’s writings on, 4

  close relations with Sarah Marlborough, 7, 13, 103–7, 110, 141, 165, 181, 190, 237

  honours Marlborough, 11

  succeeds to throne, 26

  creates peers, 28–9

  and spoils system, 38

  birth, 47

  and father’s exile in Low Countries, 92

  accompanies father from Scotland to England, 96

  differences and breach with sister Mary, 103, 176–8, 180

  relations with Mulgrave, 103

  Sarah meets, 103

  letter to Frances Apsley, 104

  marriage to Prince George, 104, 106–7

  developing relations with Abigail Hill (Masham), 105, 304, 354, 409, 414, 442, 445

  and husband’s health decline and death, 107, 407–9

  pregnancies and death of children, 107, 141, 157, 164, 176, 178, 180, 191

  commitment to Anglicanism, 140

  correspondence with sister Mary, 141

  and father’s intransigence, 141

  hatred of Mary of Modena, 141

  supports conspiracy against father, 142, 149

  and William’s invasion, 149

  flees on father’s return to London, 154–5