Thunder At Twilight: Vienna 1913/1914

by Frederic Morton

  Freud on assassination: Jones, vol. 2, p. 169.

  Other responses to assassination: Hantsch, p. 557.

  Franz Joseph reacts to assassination: Brehm, pp. 204-5; Corti, pp. 41213; Crankshaw, p. 390.

  Bodies' transport from Sarajevo to Vienna: Brook-Shepherd, p. 260; Kiszling, pp. 301-2; Albertini, vol. 2, p. 117.

  Mortuary details in Vienna and Artstetten: Kiszling, pp. 303-5; BrookShepherd, pp. 262-69; Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 118-19.

  CHAPTER 29 (pages 272–281)

  Repercussions of Franz Ferdinand's testamentary stipulation to be buried in Artstetten: Kiszling, p. 302.

  Serbian government's condolences and mourning: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 273.

  Anti-Serb disturbances in Habsburg Empire: AZ and NFP, June 29-July 3, 1914, passim.

  Austrian government deliberations: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 124-26; Hantsch, pp. 558-60.

  Cabinet opinions brought to Emperor by Berchtold: Hantsch, p. 562.

  Franz Joseph's letter to Kaiser: Hantsch, p. 562; Albertini, vol. 2, p. 134.

  Alexander von Hoyos mission to Berlin: Cormons, pp. 161-63; Albertini, vol. 2, p. 135.

  Kaiser's reponse to Hoyos's manipulation: Thomson, p. 44.

  Kaiser's words to Krupp: Berghahn, p. 193.

  Austrian Ambassador's cable to Habsburg government to take drastic initiative: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 138-39, 148; Hantsch, p. 571.

  Berchtold, too late, on Hoyos's duplicity: Hantsch, pp. 572-73.

  Bilinski's waffling: Redlich, p. 236.

  Berchtold joins hawks: Hantsch, pp. 583-88; Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 25455.

  Berchtold in Ischl: Hantsch, pp. 589-90; Auersperg, p. 51.

  CHAPTER 3 0 (pages 282–287)

  Berchtold's game plan for ultimatum: Hantsch, pp. 589-92.

  Depositions of caught assassins: Dedijer, Sarajevo, pp. 325-28, 329-32.

  Cable from Belgrade: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 173-74.

  Berchtold recommends vacation to Conrad: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 171, 256.

  Other such "vacations": WZ, July 13, 1914.

  In other countries, leaders go on vacation-German Foreign Minister: Thomson, p. 19; Tirpitz: Ludwig, p. 67; Kaiser: Balfour, p. 345, Berghahn, p. 190; Serbian Chief of Staff: Corti, p. 418, AZ, July 26, 1914; Poincare: Thomson, p. 51, Edmond Taylor, p. 211; Tsar: Thomson, p. 52, Auersperg, p. 59; Churchill: Manchester, p. 465; Sir Edward Grey: Thomson, pp. 71–72; Asquith: Thomson, p. 81, Edmond Taylor, p. 210.

  Vienna summer scene: Fremd., AZ, IWE, July issues passim.

  CHAPTER 3 1 (pages 288–294)

  Freud rusticates in Carlsbad: Jones, vol. 2, p. 172.

  Freud's bucolic childhood: Clark, p. 5; Walter, pp. 101-3.

  Freud's "Philogenetic Fantasy": New York Times Science Section, Feb. 10, 1987.

  Trosky's bucolic longings: Wyndham and King, unpaginated quote; Trotsky, My Life, pp. xvii, xix, 43.

  Lenin's bucolic longings: Wolfe, pp. 40, 566, 613.

  Hitler in Munich: Maser, p. 51; J. Sydney Jones, p. 222.

  Kraus poem: Timms, pp. 264-65.

  Kraus at Janowitz Park: Timms, pp. 255, 265.

  Kraus's Manor Park quote: Fackel no. 400–403, Summer 1914, p. 95.

  Kraus eulogy of Franz Ferdinand: Fackel no. 400–403, July 10, 1914, pp. 1–3.

  Kraus devotees in Foreign Ministry polish ultimatum: Cormons, pp. 165-66.

  Urn and chamberpot distinction: Janik and Toulmin, p. 89.

  CHAPTER 32 (pages 295–304)

  Serbian King plans travel abroad: AZ, July 14, 1914.

  Pacific Lloyd George speech: AZ, July 19, 1914; Fremd., July 20, 1914.

  Arbeiter Zeitung placid view: AZ, July 10, 1914.

  Berchtold's blandness to British ambassador: Dugdale, p. 294.

  Berchtold's blandness to Italian ambassador: Beck, p. 35.

  Bechtold's blandness to French ambassador: Beck, p. 33.

  Caillaux affair: Thomson, pp. 264-67.

  Poincare and Caillaux affair: NWT, July 21, 1914.

  British King and Irish Home Rule imbroglio: Manchester, p. 463.

  Vienna music festival plans: AZ, July 21, 1914.

  Tsar and Poincare toasts omit all mention of Serb-Austrian problem: AZ, July 22, 1914.

  Secret Cabinet session: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 256.

  Routine announcement of Berchtold report to Franz Joseph: WZ, July 21, 1914.

  Berchtold in Ischl re ultimatum: Hantsch, pp. 602-3, 605.

  Summary of note to Serbia: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 286-89.

  British Foreign Secretary on note: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 289.

  "Demarche with a time limit": Hantsch, p. 604.

  Last note in diplomatic French: Crankshaw, p. 399.

  Austrian Ambassador phones Serbian Ministry: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 284.

  News of Austrian note reaches Serbian Prime Minister: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 347-49.

  Panic returns to Belgrade: Albertini, p. 348–49.

  Panic at Austrian Embassy: Hantsch, p.489; Edmond Taylor, pp. 214-15.

  Serbian response to note: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 363-64.

  Austrian Ambassador rejects note, leaves Belgrade: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 373; Hantsch, p. 490.

  CHAPTER 3 3 (pages 305–316)

  Franz Joseph and Berchtold in receipt of Serbian reply: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 374-75; Hantsch, p. 612.

  German government in agreement with demarche: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 266-67.

  German officials stiffen upper lips: Edmond Taylor, p. 218; Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 449-50; Crankshaw, pp. 402-3.

  Germans disavow influence on Austria's note: Parkinson, p. 100.

  Germans think note too sharp: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 265; Ludwig, p. 92.

  Churchill on note's reception in London: Churchill, p. 204.

  Churchill's order to fleet: Thomson, p. 91.

  Poincare hurries home: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 590-91.

  Russian Pre-Mobilization: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 304-5.

  Conrad needs two weeks to strike: Conrad, vol. 4, p. 40; Crankshaw, p. 398.

  Berchtold on war declaration as not really war: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 388, 457-58.

  War declaration by cable: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 461.

  Austrian mobilization posters: Auersperg, p. 153.

  Austrian restraint: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 427.

  Gallantry vis-a-vis Serbian Chief of Staff: Corti, p. 418; AZ, July 26–27, 1914.

  Yachting Kaiser kept uninformed: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 439.

  "Situation… not entirely clear": Albertini, vol. 2, p. 433.

  Kaiser hastens home: Balfour, p. 348; AZ, July 27, 1914.

  Kaiser blusters: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 434.

  Delay of transmission of Austrian note text to Kaiser: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 440-41; Thomson, p. 101.

  "Brilliant achievement": Albertini, vol. 2, p. 467.

  Kaiser-Bethmann scene: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 437.

  Bulow quote: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 436.

  Bethmann to German Ambassador in Vienna: Ludwig, p. 223; Thomson, p. 119.

  The Kaiser's Libretto C: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 467-68.

  Franz Joseph and his Minister of War: Corti, p. 421.

  Franz Joseph and Frau Schratt: Haslip, p. 267.

  Tsar's "I shall be overwhelmed": Edmond Taylor, p. 220.

  Frenzied international cabling between governments: NFP and AZ, July 1914 issues; Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 390–651 passim.

  CHAPTER 34 (pages 317–336)

  International pro-war demonstrations: NFP, Times, July 1914 passim.

  British Embassy windows broken: Dugdale, pp. 304-5.

  Kraus to Sidonie: Kraus, vol. 1, p. 60.

  Fackel quote: Fackel, July 10, 1914.

  Zadruga's destruction: Dedijer, Sarajevo, p. 185.

  Mussolini detail: Fermi, pp. 8–9.

  Stalin detail: Levine, p. 4.

  Pathology of industrialization: AZ, Feb. 2, 1913.

  Russian rebellion changes to patriotism: Ludwig, p. 3
73; Trotsky, p. 233.

  Austrian masses patriotic: Trotsky, pp. 233-34.

  Paris proletariat turns pro-war: Fremd., Aug. 2, 1914.

  "Eine Sehnsucht" poem: Cormons, p. 167.

  Rupert Brooke quote: Timms, p. 287.

  "Foul peace… drags on": Gina Conrad, p. 31.

  "Crisis… entered Western culture": Cormons, p. 167.

  Hitler on war: Fest, p. 64.

  Bethmann on war: Timms, p. 279.

  Czernin on war: Czernin, p. 5.

  Poincare on war: Ludwig, p. 112.

  Freud on Jung: Freud, Freud-Salome, Freud letter, Nov. 6, 1913.

  Jaures assassination: Thomson, pp. 148-49.

  French reservists: Thomson, p. 155.

  Lenin arrested: Osterreichische Osthefte, May 1970.

  Viktor Adler helps Trotsky as well as Lenin: Trotsky, pp. 235-36.

  Arbeiter Zeitung pro-war: AZ, Aug. 4, 1914; Ludwig, p. 324.

  Nicky-Willy cables: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 542, 554, 555, 557, 560, 574; Albertini, vol. 3, p. 180.

  Germany declares war on Russia: Albertini, vol. 3, p. 182.

  Kaiser asks crowd to quiet down: AZ, Aug. 4, 1914.

  "You will live to regret it": Edmond Taylor, p. 228.

  Kaiser on British uniform: Dugdale, p. 305.

  Moltke cables Conrad: Albertini, vol. 2, p. 673.

  "Who rules in Berlin?" Albertini, vol. 2, p. 674.

  Conrad controls Berchtold cables: Hantsch, p. 642.

  "Smash my telephone": Albertini, vol. 2, p. 572.

  Viviani at Jaures funeral: Thomson, p. 193.

  Poincare's manipulations: Albertini, vol. 2, pp. 616-19.

  "Russians in Berlin by All Saints' Day": Thomson, p. 175.

  Churchill letter: Manchester, pp. 968-69.

  Churchill mobilizes fleet: Thomson, p. 161.

  lamps are going out…": Edmond Taylor, p. 229.

  "Josef K.": in Kafka's journal: Hayman, p. 183.

  Wittgenstein notebook: Shanker, p. 9.

  Tsar bursts into tears: Albertini, vol. 3, p. 174.

  Kaiser on balcony: Thomson, p. 196; Edmond Taylor, p. 228.

  Hitler on war: Hitler, p. 161.

  Freud critical of Vienna: Clark, p. 39.

  Freud pro-war: Clark, p. 376; Jones, vol. 2, p. 171.

  Wittgenstein enlists: Shanker, pp. 8, 9.

  Schonberg pro-war: Spiel, pp. 198-99.

  Kokoschka's change from outsider to patriot: Whitford, pp. 69, 99-100.

  Rilke "attached only by language" to Germany: Leppmann, p. 299.

  Rilke's war poems: Leppmann, pp. 296-97.

  Herman Hesse pro-war: Eksteins, p. 94.

  Thomas Mann pro-war: Tuchman, Guns, p. 311.

  Freud on war as opportunity for progress: Major Works, p. 756.

  Nietzsche on progress as ascent: Nietzsche, p. 552.

  Franz Joseph edits Manifesto: Hantsch, p. 618.

  Franz Joseph on going under: Corti, p. 431.

  Karl Kraus on proclamation: Fackel no. 404, Dec. 1914, p. 3.

  Franz Joseph removes Tsar's decoration: Corti, pp. 430-31.

  Franz Joseph changes will: Jaszi, p. 13.

  British ambassador declares war: Dugdale, p. 304.

  British ambassador and wife loved Vienna: Albertini, vol. 3, p. 534; Dugdale, p. 281.

  British ambassador leaving Vienna and street scene: Dugdale, p. 304; Fremd. and NWT, Aug. 14, 1914.

  Selected bibliography

  PERIODICALS

  Arbeiter Zeitung, Vienna, 1913-14.

  Die Fackel, Vienna, 1913-14.

  Fremdenblatt, Vienna, 1913-14.

  Illustrirtes Wiener Extrablatt, Vienna, 1913-14.

  Intelligence and National Security Journal, London, 1987.

  Die Muskete, Vienna, 1913-14.

  Neue Freie Presse, Vienna, 1913-14.

  Neues Wiener Tagblatt, Vienna, 1913-14.

  Osterreichische Osthefte, Vienna, 1970.

  Reichspost, Vienna, 1913-14.

  The Times, London, July 1914.

  Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, Vienna, 1913.

  Wiener Zeitung, Vienna, 1913-14.

  GENERAL

  Adler, Victor. Im Spiegel SeinerZeitgenossen. Vienna: Verlag der Weiner Volksbuchhandlung, 1968.

  Albertini, Luigi. The Origins of the War of 1914, 2 vols. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford Univ. Press, 1953.

  Asprey, Robert B. The Panther's Feast. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1959.

  Asquith, Herbert Henry. The Genesis of the War. London, 1923.

  Auersperg, Alois Prinz von. Menschen von Gestern and Heute. Unpublished Memoir.

  Barea, Ilsa. Vienna. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1966.

  Beck, James M. The Evidence in the Case. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1914.

  Berghahn, V. R. Germany and the Approach of War in 1914. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1973.

  Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von. Betrachtungen zum Weltkriege. (2 vol.). Berlin, 1919–1922.

  Boyer, John W. Political Radicalism in Late Imperial Vienna. Chicago, London: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1981.

  Brehm, Bruno. Die Throne Sturzen. Munich: R. Piper Verlag, 1951.

  Chlumecky, Leopold Freiherr von. Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand: Wirken and Wollen. Berlin, 1929.

  Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer. The World Crisis. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1924.

  Cormons, Ernest U. Schicksale and Schatten. Salzburg: Muller Verlag, 1951.

  Cowles, Virginia. 1913, Abschied von einer Epoche. Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer, 1969.

  Crankshaw, Edward. The Fall of the House of Hapsburg. New York: Viking Press, 1963.

  Czernin, Ottokar. Im Weltkriege. Berlin, Vienna: Ullstein and Co., 1919.

  DA Republic Osterreich, Staatsamt fur Ausseres. Diplomatische Akten- stucke zur Vorgeschichte des Krieges 1914. Erganzungen and Nachtrage zum CSsterreichisch-Ungarischen Rotbuch. 3 vols. Vienna, 1919; London, 1920.

  Dedijer, Vladimir. The Road to Sarajevo. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1966.

  Dor, Milo. Dor Letzte Sonntag. Vienna, Munich: Verlag Almathea, 1982.

  Eksteins, Modris. Rites of Spring, the Great War and theB firth of the Modern Age. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1989.

  Friedlander, Otto. Letzter Glanz der Marchenstadt. Vienna: Ring, 1947.

  Wolken Drohen Uber Wien. Vienna: Ring, 1949.

  Fritsche, Victor von. Bilder aus dem Osterreichischen Hof-und Gesell- schaftsleben. Vienna: Gerlach and Wirdling, 1914.

  Groner, Richard. Wien Wie Es War. Vienna, Munich: Fritz Molden, 1965.

  Hamann, Brigitte. Die Habsburger. Vienna: Uberreuter, 1988.

  Hanak, Harry. Great Britain and Austria-Hungary During the First World War. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford Univ. Press, 1962.

  Hanak, Jacques. Im Sturm einesJahrhunderts. Vienna: Verlag der Wiener Volksbuchhandlung, 1952.

  Hubmann, Franz. K.u.K. Familienalbum. Vienna, Munich, Zurich: Verlag Fritz Molden, 1971.

  Janik, Allan, and Stephen Toulmin. Wittgenstein's Vienna. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973.

  Jaszi, Oscar. The Dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy. Chicago, London: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1929.

  Johnston, William M. The Austrian Mind. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: Univ. of California Press, 1972.

  Jung, Carl G. The Portable Jung. Edited by Joseph Campbell. New York: Penguin,1976.

  Kleindel, Walter. Osterreich-Daten zur Geschichte and Kultur. Vienna: Ueberreuter Verlag, 1978.

  Kralik, Heinrich. The Vienna Opera House. Vienna: Rosenbaum Publishers, 1955.

  Kraus, Karl. Briefe an Sidonie von Nadherny. Frankfurt: Insel Verlag, 1973.

  La Grange, Henry Louis de. Mahler. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1973.

  Lowy, A. G. Die Weltgeschichte Ist das Weltgericht, Bucharin, Vision des Kommunismus. Vienna, Frankfurt, Zurich: Europa, 1969.

  Ludwig, Emil. July '14. Translated by C. A. Macartney. New York, London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1929.

  McGrath, William J
. Dionysian Art and Populist Politics in Austria. New Haven, London: Yale Univ. Press, 1974.

  Massie, Robert K., and Jeffrey Fineston. The Last Courts of Europe. New York: Greenwich House, 1983.

  May, Arthur J. The Habsburg Monarchy 1867–1914. New York: W. W. Norton, 1968.

  Moltke, Helmuth von. Erinnerungen, Briefe, Dokumente 1877–1916. Edited by Eliza von Moltke. Stuttgart, 1922.

  Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Portable Nietzsche. Edited by Walter Kaufmann. New York: Penguin Books, 1954.

  Parkinson, Roger. Origins o fWorld War I. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1971.

  Pauli, Hertha. The Secret o f Sarajevo. New York: Appleton-Century, 1965.

  Redlich, Josef. Schicksalsjahre Osterreich 1908–1919: Das politischeTage- buch Josef Redlichs. Graz, Cologne: Verlag Hermann Bohlaus Nachf., 1954.

  Reiners, Ludwig. In Europa Gehen die LichterAus. Munich: DTV Verlag, 1952.

  Schlogl-Karmel, Friedrich. Wiener Skizzen. Vienna: Wiener, 1946.

  Shebenko, N. Souvenirs: Essai historique sur les origines de la guerre de 1914. Paris: Bibliotheque Diplomatique, 1936.

  Spiel, Hilde. Vienna's Golden Autumn 1866–1938. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1987.

  Stanojevic, Stanoje. Die Ermordung des Erzherzogs Franz Ferdinand. Frankfurt, 1923.

  Steed, Henry Wickham. The Hapsburg Monarchy. London: Constable and Company Ltd., 1914.

  Through Thirty Years 1892–1922. 2 vols. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page, 1924.

  Stoye, John. The Siege of Vienna. New York, Chicago, San Francisco: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1965.

  Taylor, A. J. P. The Habsburg Monarchy 1809–1918. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1957.

  Taylor, Edmond. The Fall of the Dynasties-The Collapse of the Old Order 1905–1922. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1963.

  Thomson, George Malcolm. The Twelve Days, 24 July to 4 August 1914. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1964.

  Tuchman, Barbara W. The Guns of August. New York: Macmillan, 1962, 1988.

  The Proud Tower. New York: Macmillan, 1966.

  Vergo, Peter. Art in Vienna, 1898–1918. New York: Phaidon Press Ltd., 1975.

  Walter, E. V. Placeways-A Theory of the Human Environment. Chapel Hill, NC: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1988.

  West, Rebecca. Black Lamb and Grey Falcon. New York: Penguin, 1982.

  White, Leigh. Balkan Caesar: Tito versus Stalin. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1951.

  Wilhelm, S. Wiener Wandelbilder. Vienna, Leipzig: Snider Rosenbaum, n.d.

  Zweig, Stefan. Die Welt von Gestern. Stockholm: Bermann-Fischer, 1944.

  AUTOBIOGRAPHIES, MEMOIRS, AND BIOGRAPHIES