Wellington
Page 30
‘Year of Liberty’ (1798) 34
see also Dublin
Jacobite rebellion (1715) 10
James II, of England 5
Jena, battle of (1806) 212
Jenkins, Anna Maria 288–9, 291
Joffre, Marshal 182
John, Prince Regent of Portugual
Jones, George xiv
Jourdan, Marshal 134, 185, 187
Junot, General Andoche 103, 113, 119, 120–1, 122, 122–3
Kaitna River 75, 76, 77
Kellermann, General François Etienne 120, 121, 245
Kempt, Major General James 161, 191
Kendall (valet) 293, 297, 301
Kennedy, Captain Arthur 200
KGL see King’s German Legion
Kielmansegge, Major General Count 246
Kihaud, General 245
Kincaid, Lt John 156, 157, 174, 178, 199, 240, 243, 249
King’s German Legion (KGL) 136, 140, 209, 236, 239
Kittoor, Rajah of 88
‘Ladies of Llangollen’ 21, 107
Lake, Lt General Gerard A.F. 82, 83, 84, 112
Landsheit, Sergeant George 116
Larpent, Francis Seymour 165, 181, 210
on the British Army 165–6, 190
on Wellington 177, 180, 182, 183–4, 191, 194
Lawrence, Sir Thomas: portrait of Wellington 218, 267
Leith, General 159, 161
Le Marchant, Major General John Gaspard 30, 167
Lennox, Lady Jane 215
Lennox, Lord William 238
Lieven, Princess 268
Ligny, battle of (1815) 229–30, 233
Limerick, Treaty of 5
Lisbon 130, 143
Liverpool, Lord 143, 158, 268
and Wellington 145, 198, 205–6, 215
Wellington to 147, 150, 157, 162, 173
Lobau’s corps 245
Loison, General 112, 113
Londonderry, Lord 284
Longford, Elizabeth xix, 7, 20, 86, 92, 130, 182, 189, 207, 262, 284
Longford, Thomas Pakenham, Lord 25–6, 28
Louis XVI, of France 25
Louis XVIII, of France 20, 190, 194, 204, 208, 216, 219, 252
Louis-Philippe (formerly Duc d’Orléans) 208, 281
Lowe, Major General Sir Hudson 211
Lutzen, battle of (1813) 212
Lyndhurst, Lord 270, 274
Macdonell, Lt Colonel James 236, 239, 240
McGrigor, Dr (later Sir) James 160, 169–70, 173, 179–80, 181, 210
Mackenzie, Major General 132, 139
Mackinnon, Dan 178
MacPherson, Lt 161
Madras 37, 38, 39, 41, 44, 45, 48
Madras army 58–9, 86
Madrid: rising against the French 104
Maguilla, battle of (1812) 117–18, 163–4
Mahon, Lord: Wellington to 20
Máida, battle of (1806) 98
Maitland’s brigade 247, 248, 249
Malavelly, India 52, 54
Malcolm, Captain (later Sir) John 49, 62, 94
Manchester: demonstrations (1819) 258–9
Mansfield, Lord 284
Maratha wars 67–71, 82–4, 86–7, 88, 94
Assaye campaign xviii, 15–16, 72, 73–5, 76, 77–82, 86, 87
battle of Ahmednugger 73–4
battle of Argaum 82, 87
battle of Gawlighur 82
March, Lord 180, 181
Marmont, General 155, 158–9, 163, 164, 166, 167
Masséna, Marshal André 145–6, 147–8, 149–50, 177, 203–4
Maxwell, Lt Colonel Patrick 77, 79, 80, 81
Melbourne, Lord 291, 299
Melville, Henry Dundas, Viscount 124
Mercer, Captain Cavalié 234, 252
Metternich, Prince Clemens von 207
Meuron, Regiment de 39, 59
Middlemore, Major 139, 141
Mills, Ensign lohn xvii, 105–6, 171, 172–3, 174
Mir Allum 49
Miranda, Francisco de 102–3
Moira, Lord 28, 30
Mondego Bay 108
Monson, Lt Colonel William 83
Moore, Lt General Sir John 109, 113, 120, 123, 124, 132
Mornington, Anne, Countess of (née Hill) 7, 8–9, 20, 21, 91, 202
Mornington, Garrett Wesley, Earl of 6–7, 8
Morris, Sergeant Tom 243, 244
Mountnorris, Lord 216
Müffling, Major General Baron Friedrich von 218, 229, 236, 238, 247, 248
Wellington to 226, 233–4
Murray, Colonel: Wellington to 86–7, 88
Murray, Major General George 179, 183, 191, 210, 211
Murray, Major General Sir John 185
Napier, General Charles 26, 100
Napier, General Sir George 26, 157
Napier, Lady Sarah 26, 181–2
Napier, General Sir William 26, 152
Napoleon Bonaparte 13, 34, 91, 100, 197, 261
abdication 193–4
comparisons with Wellington xix, 239
escapes from Elba 207–8, 218
and Peninsular War 103, 104, 124, 142–3, 188
proclaims brother king of Spain 104
retreat from Moscow 174–5
on St Helena 85
shares lover with Wellington 204
victories at Austerlitz 93, and Jena 98
Waterloo campaign 213, 216, 219–20, 226, 227–8, 239, 240, 243, 245, 247, 254
on Wellington’s Paris appointment 203
wills money to Wellington’s failed assassin 253
Navarino Bay, battle of (1827) 270
Nelson, Admiral Horatio 92, 93, 297
Ney, Aglaé 204, 253
Ney, Marshal Michel 130, 146, 203, 226, 230, 231, 239, 253
Nicholas I, Tsar 267
Nizam of Hyderabad 42, 49, 70, 71
Nostitz, Count 229
Obidos, Portugal 112
O’Connell, Daniel 273
Odonoju, Major General 133–4, 135, 136
Ompteda, Colonel Baron 246
Oporto, Portugal 103, 108, 130
battle of (1809) 130–2
Orléans, Duc d’ 208, 281
Orrock, Lt Colonel William 77, 78, 79
Orthez, battle of (1814) 192–3, 202, 262
Oxford University 288
Paget, Lt General Henry, Lord see Uxbridge, Lord
Paine, Tom: The Rights of Man 258
Pakenham, Edward (Ned) 25, 165, 166–7, 181, 199, 206–7
Pakenham, Captain Hercules 112
Pakenham, Captain Thomas 33, 34
Pamplona, siege of (1813) xv, 189
Panipat, battle of (1761) 68
Parma, Marie-Louise, Duchess of 265
Pauli, James 94
Pearse, Lt William 145
Peel, Sir Robert 260
becomes prime minister 280, 289, 292
and Catholic Emancipation 273–4, 276
opposes Canning 269
and Wellington 271, 272, 283
Peninsular War 103–9, 112, 214
battles and sieges:
Albuera 151–3, 154
Almeida 146, 148, 149, 153
Badajoz 115, 151–3, 152, 154, 158–63
Burgos xvi, 170–3, 184
Busaco 146, 148
Ciudad Rodrigo xvii, 155–7, 290
Coruña, La 124, 129
Fuentes de Oñoro xvii, 148–50, 153, 154, 170
Maguilla 117–18, 163–4
Oporto 130–2
Orthez 192–3, 202, 262
Roliça 112–13, 123, 180
Salamanca 115, 165–8, 268
San Sebastian 188
Sorauren 187–8
Talavera 115, 134–41, 142
Toulouse 193
Vimiero 113–14, 115, 116–18, 120, 123, 124
Vitoria 170, 186–7, 189, 200
casualties 132, 137, 138, 140, 146, 148, 151, 153, 156, 170–1, 186, 192, 193
see also Torres Vedras
Per
ceval, Spencer 143, 157, 158
Perponcher, General 226, 227, 230
Phillipon, Major General Armand 158, 161
Phipoe, Maria 11
Picton, General Sir Thomas 161, 162, 210, 238, 241
leads 3rd Division 155, 159, 160, 161, 186, 209, 223, 230, 231
Pignerolle, M. de 19, 20
Pistrucci, 287
Pitt, William, the Younger 27, 41, 91, 92–3, 94, 98
Plassey, battle of (1757) 38
Pococke, Private Thomas 149
Pohlmann, Colonel 71, 75, 77, 79, 81
Ponsonby, Colonel Frederick 171. 193
Ponsonby, Sir William 241
Porteous, Captain John 12
Portland, Duke of 98, 143, 262
Princess Charlotte (Indiaman) 40
Prussian army: Waterloo campaign 208, 212, 213, 216–17, 218, 222–3, 225, 226, 228–30, 233, 236, 237–8, 245, 247, 249
Punch 302
Purneah 63
Quatre Bras, battle of (1815) 226, 227, 228–9, 230–2, 233, 234, 238
Rainier, Admiral 85
Ramsay, Captain Norman 170
Rao, Peshwa Baji 68–70, 74
Reform Bills/Reform Act (1832) 284, 285, 286, 286, 287, 302
Reille’s corps 239
Reynier, General 98, 146
Richmond, Duchess of 215, 226, 227
Richmond, Duke of 98, 180, 227–8, 238, 284
Wellington to 100, 109
Ridge, Lt Colonel Henry 161
Roach, John 71
Roberts, Andrew: Napoleon and Wellington xix, 42, 219–20
Rocket (train) 281–2
rockets, use of 16, 44
Roliça, battle of (1808) 112–13, 119, 123, 180
Rolland, Gabrielle Hyacinthe 24
Rosario (sloop) 201
Russell, Lord John 284, 286
Wellington to 302
Rutland, Duke of 20, 21
Rye, Sussex 94
St Germans, Lord 288
St Helena 85
St James’s Chronicle 252–3
St Jean de Luz 190
St Pierre, battle of 189, 191
Salabut Khan 65
Salamanca 163
battle of (1812) 115, 165–8, 268
Saleur, Colonel 71
Salisbury, Lady 183, 282
San Sebastian, battle of (1813) 188
Saussure, César de 11
Saxe-Weimar, Prince Bernhard of 226–7, 228
Schaumann, Commissary August 175
Schom, Alan 197
Schwarzenberg, Prince 208
Scindia, Daulat Rao 68, 70–1, 74, 82, 83
Scott, Sir Walter 139
Sebastiani, General 134
Ségur, Philippe de 205
Seringapatam, India:
advance on (1799) 47, 49, 50, 51–4, 55, 56–63
British cemetery 39
Wellington at 83–5
Seven Years’ War 9, 11, 44
Shaw, George Bernard 3
Shaw, Major Merrick: Wellington to 84
Shawe, Lt Colonel 56, 57
Shee, Major John 46, 57
Shelley, Lady 252, 262, 263
Wellington to 254, 261
Sherbrooke, John Cope 41, 138, 139, 140
Shore, Sir John 40
shrapnel 16, 114
Shrapnel, Lt Henry 16
Slade, Major General John 163–4
Smith, Anne (née Wesley) 7, 22, 107
Smith, Bobus 8
Smith, Charles 107
Smith, Lt Harry 159, 186, 188
Somerset, Lord Edward 241
Somerset, Lady Emily (née Wellesley-Pole) 202
Somerset, Lord FitzRoy (later Lord Raglan) 180, 190, 202, 221, 222, 223, 238, 248, 291, 299, 301
Wellington to 243–4, 245, 251, 258, 259, 265, 267, 285–6
Somersets, the 207
Somroo, Begum 71
Sophia, Princess 280–1
Sorauren, battle of (1813) 187–8, 203
Soult, Marshal:
action in Peninsular War 130, 131–2, 151, 153, 158, 163, 168, 187, 190, 192–3
as Napoleon’s chief of staff 219, 239
sees Wellington in Paris 203
Sparrow, Olivia 95, 96
Spectator 299
Spencer, Major General Sir Brent 107, 144, 184
Staël, Mme Anne Louise de 204
Stapleton, Captain 63
Stephenson, George Rocket 281–2
Stevenson, Colonel James 71, 74, 75, 81, 82, 85
Stewart, Major General the Hon Charles 101, 144, 151, 179, 198, 203, 207
Wellington to 214, 215–16
Stewart, Brigadier Richard 100
Stratfield Saye 102, 257, 261–2, 266, 278, 291, 301
Stuart, Sir Charles 238
Stuart, Lt General James 49, 52, 58, 59, 69, 70
Stuart, Lt General Sir John 98
Suchet, Marshal 155, 188, 193
Sultanpettah Tope, attack on (1799) xvi, 56–8, 86
Surat, India 37
Surtees, Private William 29
Surveillante, HMS 130
Talavera, battle of (1809) 115, 134–41, 142
Taylor, Lt Colonel 116
Taylor, Jeremy: Holy Living and Dying 302
Thomières, General 114
Thornton, James 175
Tilsit, Treaty of 100
Times, The 299
Tipoo Sultan 42, 44, 49, 51, 52, 53–4, 57, 59, 60, 62, 63–4
Tomkinson, Lt William 171, 174, 187
Tone, Theobald Wolfe 24
Torres Vedras, lines of 143, 144–5, 147, 177, 214, 274
Toulouse 197
battle of (1814) 193
Trafalgar, battle of (1805) 93, 100, 265
Trant, Colonel Nicholas 109, 112, 147
Trident, HMS 85
Trim, County Meath 6, 7, 20, 23
Tullynally Castle, Ireland 26
Tyrconnell, Earl of 5
Uxbridge, Lord (formerly Lord Henry Paget; later Marquess of Anglesey) 129, 184, 211, 223, 234, 237, 241, 242–3, 248, 268, 291
Vandamme, General 226
Venegas, General 134
Verona, Congress of 264, 265
Victor, Marshal 130, 131, 132, 134
Victoria, Queen xiv, 290, 291–2, 297, 298, 299
Vienna, Congress of 220
Villiers, John: Wellington to 142
Vimiero, battles of (1808) 113–14, 115, 116–18, 120, 123, 124
Vitoria, battle of (1813) 170, 186–7, 189, 200
Vivian, Major General Sir Hussey 223, 247, 249
Walcheren, island of 143
Walker, Captain Patrick 49
Walmer Castle, Kent 279, 291, 293
Walsh, Mr 19
Waterloo campaign (1815) 108, 212–14, 215–23, 224–5, 226–34
Allied army 208, 209–12, 214–15, 222
battle of Genappe 234
battle of Ligny 229–30, 233
battle of Quatre Bras 226, 227, 228–9, 230–2, 233, 234, 238
battle of Waterloo 170, 178, 234, 235, 236–50, 251–2, 253–4, 265
casualties 232, 251, 302
Wellington’s formal dispatch 250–1
Webb, Josiah 45
Wedderburn-Webster, Lady Frances 216, 238, 252–3
Weimer, Marguerite Josephine 204
Weller, Jac xix, 191–2
Wellesley, Lord Charles (son) 102, 266, 293, 297–8
Wellesley, Lady Charlotte (sister-in-law) 129
Wellesley, Rev Gerald Valerian (brother) 7, 8, 96
Wellesley, Henry (brother) 7, 8, 41, 42, 45, 48, 62, 97, 129, 143–4, 168, 271
Wellington to 66, 67, 85, 153, 181, 187, 198
Wellesley, Marianne (née Patterson) (sister-in-law) 266
Wellesley, Muriel (descendant) 66, 303
Wellesley, Richard Colley Wellesley, Marquess (brother):
birth 7
education 8
as envoy to Spanish junta 141
at foreign office 143
as governor-general of India 41–2, 44–6, 48–9, 63, 66, 70, 91, 94
in Parliament 9, 20
political career ruined 157–8, 271
scandalous love-life 24, 157, 181
second marriage 266
and Wellington 9, 20–1, 24, 27–8, 33, 34, 63, 66
Wellington to 31, 251–2
Wellesley, William (brother) 7, 20, 22–3, 142, 143, 158, 198, 271
Wellington to 150, 188
Wellesley-Pole, William (nephew) 180–1, 283–4
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of:
aphorisms xv-xvi, 3, 85, 86, 237
appearance and dress xv, 20, 67, 84, 86, 96, 160, 164–5, 169, 172, 177–8, 185–6, 189, 277–8
army career 9, 19
commissions and promotions 17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27–8, 34, 94, 189, 253, 268, 269–70
comparisons with Napoleon xvii, 239
Danish campaign 100–1
dispatches xvii, 88, 250–1
expedition to Philippines 40–1
French campaign (1794–5) 28–32, 42
importance of intelligence 87–8
in India see India; Maratha wars
injuries 57, 192
logistics preparations xv, 47, 88
Peninsular War see Peninsular War
tactics 86–7, 300
treatment of his men xvii, xviii, 47–8, 64, 84–5, 150–1, 153, 169, 178–81, 184–5, 186–7, 191–2, 200–1, 251, 301
views on cavalry 15, 51, 117–18
Waterloo campaign see Waterloo
assassination attempts and mob
violence towards 253, 259, 260–1, 285, 287–8
birth and childhood xx, 3, 7
books, favourite 40, 302
and Canning 266, 267, 268–9
character and characteristics:
coldness towards his sons 202, 262
compassion xiv, 149, 162, 250
confidence in himself 42
fear/hatred of mobs 4, 260–1
and food and drink 67, 175–6
harshness xvii–xviii, 258–9
kindness to children 262, 279, 292–3
and letter writing 178, 179
love of hunting 117–18, 182–3, 191, 263
love of parties 183–4, 227
musical prowess 9
prone to sulk 269
snobbishness xvii
unfair judgements xvii, 15
and Cumberland scandal 280–1
death 293
duel with Earl of Winchilsea 274–6
education 7, 8, 19–20
funeral and tomb xix, xx, 297–9
and George IV 259–60, 280
homes see Apsley House; Stratfield Saye; Walmer Castle
horses and horsemanship 19–20, 47, 53, 78, 80, 86, 101–2, 153, 238, 250, 271; see also love of hunting (above)
and Huskisson’s death 281–2
illnesses 31, 34, 67, 85, 290–1
marriage and relationship with wife 25–6, 27, 28, 95–7, 125, 129–30, 201–2, 261–2, 284–5
names 41, 302–3; see also titles
parents see Mornington, Earl and Countess of
political career xvi