Water to the Angels: William Mulholland, His Monumental Aqueduct, and the Rise of Los Angeles

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Water to the Angels: William Mulholland, His Monumental Aqueduct, and the Rise of Los Angeles Page 30

by Standiford, Les


  Mulholland, Catherine. “William Mulholland and the St. Francis Dam.” In The St. Francis Dam Disaster Revisited, edited by Doyce B. Nunis Jr. Los Angeles: Historical Society of Southern California, 1995.

  Newell, W. H. “The Reclamation Service and the Owens Valley.” Out West 23 (October, 1905): 454–461.

  “New York City Watershed Retrospective,” CatskillArchive.com.

  “Nine Miles of Siphons” The Literary Digest, March 1, 1913, 452.

  Osborne, Henry Z. “The Completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct.” Scientific American 109, no. 19 (November 8, 1913): 364–367, 371–372.

  Prosser, Richard. “The Maker of Los Angeles.” Western Construction News, April 25, 1926, 43–44.

  Rogers, J. David. “A Man, a Dam, and a Disaster: Mulholland and the St. Francis Dam.” In The St. Francis Dam Disaster Revisited, edited Doyce B. Nunis Jr. Los Angeles: Historical Society of Southern California, 1995.

  Scott, Ian S. “Either You Bring the Water to L.A. or You Bring L.A. to the Water: Politics, Perceptions and the Pursuit of History in Roman Polanski’s Chinatown.” European Journal of American Studies 2, no. 2 (Autumn 2007): Document 1.

  Shannon, John. “Fresh Meat for Bill Mulholland: Or How I Learned to Love the Owens Valley Water Wars.” Heritage, Winter 1991–92, 5–7, Spring 1992, 5–10.

  Shrader, E. Roscoe. “A Ditch in the Desert,” Scribner’s, May 1912, 538–550.

  Sklar, Anna. “The Man Who Built Los Angeles: Engineer, Mayor, Visionary and Forgotten Man.” Los Angeles City Historical Society Newsletter, November 2013, 4–7.

  Smythe, William B. “The Social Significance of the Owens River Project.” Out West 23 (October 1905): 443–453.

  Tzeng, Timothy. “Eastern Promises: The Role of Eastern Capital in the Development of Los Angeles, 1900–1920.” California History 88, no. 2 (2011): 32–63.

  Ulin, David L. “There It Is. Take It.” Boom 3, no. 3 (Fall 2013).

  Van Bueren, Thad M. “Struggling with Class Relations at a Los Angeles Aqueduct Construction Camp.” Historical Archaeology 36, no. 3, Communities Defined by Work: Life in Western Work Camps (2002), 28–43.

  Vorster, Peter. “The Development and Decline of Agriculture in the Owens Valley.” In The History of Water, eds. Clarence A. Hall, Victoria Doyle-Jones, and Barbara Widawski. White Mountain Research Station Symposium 4. Los Angeles: White Mountain Research Station, (1992): 268–284.

  W. S. B. “Record of the Owens River Project.” Out West 30, no. 10 (April 1909): 258–277.

  Widney, Erwin W. “We Build a Railroad.” Touring Topics 23, no. 3 (March 1931): 36–41, 52–53.

  THESES, UNPUBLISHED PAPERS, AND MANUSCRIPT COLLECTIONS

  Catherine Mulholland Collection, Delmar Oviatt Library, California State University at Northridge.

  Layne, J. Gregg. “Water and Power for a Great City.” Typescript, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, 1957.

  Los Angeles Aqueduct/Department of Water and Power Papers, Eastern California Museum, Independence, California.

  Mulholland, Catherine. “William Mulholland and the Making of Los Angeles”. Archives and Special Collections, Oviatt Library, California State University, Northridge.

  Mulholland, William. “Autobiographical Sketch.” February 8, 1930. Courtesy Los Angeles Department of Water and Power.

  . “Suggestions for the Discussion of the Subject of the Disposal of the Water Supply from the Los Angeles Aqueduct.” Office Files 1902–1914, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power.

  Ray, Don. Without Warning: Diary of a Disaster—Firsthand Accounts of the St. Francis Dam Disaster, forthcoming.

  Spriggs, Elizabeth M. “The History of the Domestic Water Supply of Los Angeles.” Master’s thesis, University of Southern California, 1931.

  NEWSPAPERS

  Goldfield News

  Inyo Independent

  Inyo Register

  Los Angeles Evening Express

  Los Angeles Examiner

  Los Angeles Herald

  Los Angeles Record

  Los Angeles Times

  New York Times

  Riverside Daily Press

  San Francisco Call

  San Francisco Chronicle

  INTERVIEWS

  Fred Barker, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, March 18 and May 29, 2014.

  Harold “Hal” Eaton, Los Angeles, April 5 and May 28, 2014.

  Christine Mulholland, San Luis Obispo, California, May 25–26, 2014.

  Don Ray, Burbank, California, September 24, 2014.

  Robert Towne, Los Angeles, July 15, 2013.

  INDEX

  The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific entry, please use your e-book reader's search tools.

  Abbey, Edward, 18

  A. B. Leach & Company, 123, 151, 152, 158–159, 175, 177–178

  Advisory Committee, 103–104

  Alabama Gates, forced opening of, 229–231

  Alexander, George, 152, 155, 157–159, 167–171, 172–176, 177–178

  American Federation of Labor, 155, 168

  Antelope Valley, 16, 62, 65, 101, 117, 127–128, 213, 216

  Apache tribe, 34

  Aqueduct Investigation Board (AIB), 176–184, 213–214

  Aston, W. C., 146

  Austin, S. W., 82–83

  automobiles, early, 115–116, 161

  Bejar, George, 251–252

  Benjamin Holt Company, 129–130

  Berry, Mark, 261–262, 269–271

  “Big Bull” (dredge), 125, 127

  Big Pine, 21, 23, 80, 222

  Bishop, 16–17, 21, 227–228, 230

  Board of Public Works (Los Angeles), 103, 112, 158, 167, 176. see also Public Service Commission (Los Angeles)

  Board of Water and Power Commissioners, 232, 247, 250

  bond issues: financing, 57, 109–111, 123, 150–154, 158–159, 175, 177–178, 182, 208; voting on, 55, 56–57, 175, 179, 193, 198, 201, 216

  Boulder Dam. see Colorado River Project

  Brooks, Thomas, 40–42, 59

  Buena Vista Reservoir, 37, 40, 62

  California History, 253–254

  California (Nordhoff), 30–31

  California (state): California Department of Water Resources, 20–21; financial support of aqueduct by, 111

  Campbell, J. H., 68

  Carnegie, Andrew, 151, 271

  “caterpillar” traction engine, 129–130, 145, 183, 190

  Catskill Aqueduct, 94, 146–147, 208

  cement plant: planned sale of, 209; site of, 103, 111; tufa mining and, 163, 178, 183, 197–198, 205

  Chaffee, Adna R., 112–114, 117, 123, 132–133, 151, 179, 207

  Chalfant, W. A., 19–21, 69, 71, 79, 87

  Chamber of Commerce (Los Angeles), 104–107

  Chandler, Harry, 112, 168–171, 263

  Charley’s Butte, 87

  Chinatown (film), 62–63, 175, 258–264, 265

  Cinco, 118, 136. see also Jawbone Division

  City Council (Los Angeles), funds appropriated to aqueduct by, 163. see also bond issues

  City Men’s Club, 175

  City of Los Angeles v. Pomeroy, 55

  City Women’s Club, 173

  Civil Service Commission, 132–133, 153

  Clausen, Jacob, 71–72, 78, 80–81, 88, 94, 96

  Cobb, Edward, 181

  Collins, C. C., 226, 229, 230

  Colorado River Project, 217–218, 223, 238, 255–256

  construction equipment: “Big Bull” (dredge), 125, 127; “caterpillar” traction engine, 129–130, 145, 183, 190; Mulholland’s designs for, 165–166; work animals used in lieu of, 162, 183, 189–190, 209

  Coolidge, Calvin, 246

  Cottonwood Power Plant, 119, 125, 145, 157, 163–164

  Coyote Hills, 119

  Cross, Frederick, 134–137, 139, 161

  Crystal Geyser Natural Alpine Water, 22

  Crystal Springs Land and Wa
ter Company, creation of, 49–53

  Cudahy Sewer, 62, 175

  Curtis, Danny, 242–243

  Curtis, Lyman, 242–243

  Darrow, Clarence, 169–171, 172

  Darrow, Lillian, 248

  Deakers, Catherine, 31

  Deakers, Ella, 27, 33

  Deakers, Ellen, 28

  Deakers, Richard, 30–31

  Deakers, “Uncle Hobson,” 31

  Debs, Eugene, 169, 172–173

  Del Valle, R. P., 232–233, 255

  Desmond, Joe, 114–115, 135, 160–162, 178–179

  Dillon & Hubbard, 77

  Dockweiler, Henry, 49

  Doheny, E. L., 100

  Dominguez, Manuel, 33

  Drinkwater Tunnel, explosion in, 187–190

  Dunham, Stanley, 199

  Duryea, Edwin, 103

  Earl, E. T., 183

  Eastern California Museum, 23

  Eaton, Benjamin, 68

  Eaton, Burdick “Bud,” 267

  Eaton, Fred: aqueduct design and, 17, 25, 156, 207, 208, 263; biographical information, 54, 68; land purchased by, 76–83, 85–86, 88, 98, 181, 182, 218–223; mayoral election of, 54; Mulholland’s early career and, 41; Mulholland’s final meeting with, 267–268; on Owens Valley agriculture, 274; Owens Valley surveys by, 65–69, 70–73, 75; water company purchase and, 54–56

  Eaton, Hal, 267

  Eaton, Helen Louise, 75

  Edison Electric, 2, 97, 108

  Elizabeth Tunnel, 93, 94, 112, 125, 143, 145, 163, 164, 166, 205

  Elliott, J. M., 85

  Errachow, Kimmy, 243–244

  Fairmont Reservoir, 100, 128, 205

  Fay, John, 85

  Ferguson, Frances “Frank,” 43

  Ferguson, James, 44

  Ferguson, Lillie. see Mulholland, Lillie Ferguson (wife)

  Fischer, Fred, 115

  Flagler, Henry, 100–101, 257–258

  Flanigan, Tom, 146

  Flint, Frank, 94–98

  Freeman Division, 128

  Freeman, John, 133, 154, 253

  Garcetti, Eric, 272

  Garside, Edward, 187–189

  General Contractors Association of Los Angeles, 246

  Goethals, George Washington, 213

  Gompers, Samuel, 155

  Graham, S. C., 192–194, 205

  Grant, Ulysses S., 29

  Grapevine Division, 127–128, 142, 164, 233

  Graves, J. A., 231

  gravity dams, design of, 239–240

  Gray, John, 150, 189

  Gray, Lewis, 187–189

  Griffith, D. W., 216–217

  Haiwee Pass (Reservoir, Dam), 17, 18–19, 83, 100, 163–164, 200–203

  Hall, Lester, 225–227

  Hallen, Mrs. Russell, 243

  Hansen, A. C., 149

  Harnischfeger, Coder, 5, 6, 241

  Harnischfeger, Tony, 2, 4–6, 238, 241

  Harper, Arthur, 113

  Harriman, E. H., 61

  Harriman, Job, 168–171, 173, 175, 180–181, 201

  Harris, N. W., 123

  Harvey House, 117, 134

  Hearst, William Randolph, 67, 88–90, 91

  Heinly, Burt, 154

  Hellman, I. W., 56

  “high line,” 192–194

  “History of the Domestic Water Supply of Los Angeles, The” (Spriggs), 27–28, 276–277

  Hitchcock, Ethan, 96

  Holzcloth, Ann, 243

  Hoover Dam. see Colorado River Project

  Hopewell, Ace, 1–2, 4–6

  Howard, Perry, 128

  Howe, Robert, 269–270

  Hundley, Norris, Jr., 253–254

  Hunick, C. H., 6

  Huntington, Henry, 61

  Independence, 21, 33, 67–68

  Industrial Workers of the World, 169

  Inyo County, 19–25, 94–98. see also Owens Valley

  Ironworkers Union, 155

  Jackson, Donald C., 253–254

  Jawbone Division: accident, 195–197; construction of, 123–125, 126, 128–129, 133, 134, 136–143, 164; location of, 17–18

  Johnson, Edward, 181

  Johnson, Leona, 5–6

  Jordan, David, 213

  Kahrl, William, 221

  Keely, Clark, 248–249

  Kelly, Allen, 144–146

  Keyes, Asa, 246

  Kountze Brothers, 123, 151, 152, 158–159, 175, 177–178

  Kunze, Court, 223

  labor movement: Los Angeles Times bombing and, 154–155, 158, 168–171, 172–173; strikes by aqueduct work crews, 159, 161, 165–166

  Lake Elizabeth, 15–16, 62, 93. see also Elizabeth Tunnel

  land rights, bond issue, 86–90, 104. see also Eaton, Fred; Owens Valley

  LeConte, Joseph, 38–39

  Lee, E. H., 99

  Libecap, Gary, 271–272

  Lippincott, Joseph “J. B.”: on Advisory Committee, 104; AIB and, 181–182; on aqueduct financing, 111; aqueduct opening and, 200–201, 206–208; consulting income of, 79, 88; Eaton and, 70–72; as Mulholland’s chief assistant, 132–133, 146; Owens Valley land title and, 87–88; St. Francis Dam collapse and, 253; Van Norman and, 120; on water rights, 55, 65, 78–79, 82; on work progress, 190–191

  Locke (camp watchman), 244

  Lone Pine, 20, 21, 22, 67, 119–120

  Long Valley Reservoir/Dam, 71–72, 77–83, 94, 218–223. see also Owens Valley

  Los Angeles Aqueduct. see also bond issues; Eaton, Fred; Mulholland, William; Owens Valley; St. Francis Dam; work camps; individual location names. centennial celebration, 272; cost projection/management, 124, 126–127, 143, 154, 164, 166, 209; downhill design of, 16, 75, 107, 205; first water delivery to customers, 212; opening ceremonies, 205–211; rate of flow planned for, 85, 206; second aqueduct completed in 1970, 268; topography, map of, 215; topography followed by, 9–25, 87–94; vandalism, 229–234, 261–262, 269–271; water treatment practices (early 1900s), 99–100

  Los Angeles (city). see also individual names of agencies. annexation of communities into, 173–174, 191–194, 215, 217; debt of, during aqueduct project, 177–178; economic growth of, 153–154, 216–217; population growth of, 10–11, 45, 54, 60, 64, 95–96, 125–126, 168, 174, 217, 238; property valuation (1906), 96; purchase of water company by, 45–53, 54–56; water consumption statistics, 64, 69, 153, 167, 173; water meters introduced, 58–63

  Los Angeles City Water Company: early rate of flow problems, 46–47; Mulholland’s early career with, 36–44; sale of, to city of Los Angeles, 45–53, 54–56

  Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP): archives of, 27–28, 67; inception of, 45–53, 54–63; modern-day operations, 272–274; Owens Valley property owned by, 268–269; Van Norman as head of, 256

  Los Angeles Evening Express, 183

  Los Angeles Examiner, 88–90, 91, 105

  Los Angeles Gas and Electric Company, 108

  Los Angeles Herald, 104, 105

  Los Angeles (Mayo), 3–4

  Los Angeles River: early aqueduct planning and, 33, 47, 49, 50, 55, 56, 59; modern-day, 273; Zanja Madre (“mother ditch”), 11, 36–40

  Los Angeles Times: on aqueduct construction (1909), 144–146; on aqueduct construction (1911), 163–164; bombing of (1910), 154–155, 158, 168–171, 172–173; on land rights bond issue, 86–90; ownership, 46 (see also Chandler, Harry; Otis, Harrison Gray)

  Los Angeles Water Supply Bill, 94–98

  Man-Made Disaster (Outland), 252

  Marion Steam Shovel Company, 165

  Mathews, William B.: on Advisory Committee, 104; bond issue financing and, 57, 109–110, 123, 150–154, 177–178, 182, 208; on land sales, 78–79, 81, 85–86; Owens Valley reparations claims and, 233; Owens Valley survey and, 70

  Maude (mule), 189–190

  Mayo, Morrow, 3–4

  McAleer, Owen, 85

  McClure, W. F., 230

  McGregor (worker), 211

  McKinley, William, 61

  McNally Ditch, 221–222
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  McNamara, James, 169–170, 172, 201

  McNamara, John, 169–170, 172, 201

  Mead, Elwood, 246, 248–250, 251, 254

  Means, Thomas, 55

  Mendenhall, W. C., 59, 61, 84

  Merchants and Manufacturers Association (Los Angeles), 105

  “miner’s inch,” 69

  Mix, Tom, 236–237

  Mojave, 16, 67

  Morgan, J. P., 109–110

  Mount Whitney, 19–20

  Muir, John, 39

  Mulholland, Catherine (granddaughter), 27–28, 33, 43–44, 185–186, 198–199, 242, 244, 248, 251, 256–257, 263, 271

  Mulholland, Hugh (father), 27–28

  Mulholland, Hugh Patrick (brother), 28, 30–32, 33, 34

  Mulholland, Jane (step-mother), 28

  Mulholland, Lillie Ferguson (wife), 42–44, 186, 206, 210, 214

  Mulholland, Lucile (daughter), 206, 210, 268

  Mulholland, Rose (daughter), 27, 29–30, 43, 206, 214, 241–242, 257, 267–268

  Mulholland, Ruth (daughter), 268

  Mulholland, Thomas (brother), 28

  Mulholland, Thomas “Tom” (son), 43, 242, 268

  Mulholland, William. see also St. Francis Dam. aqueduct construction roles of, 103–104; aqueduct cost projection/management by, 124, 126–127, 143, 154, 164, 166; biographical information, 26–33, 34–36; bonus system implemented by, 134, 136, 141, 143, 158, 166; characterization of, 50–53, 73, 145–146, 149–150, 164, 185–186, 198–199, 209–211, 256–257; death of, 257, 268; early career of, 36–44, 57–63, 156–157; engineering innovations by, 140, 142, 163–164, 165–166, 213, 215; health of, 29, 186, 252; legacy of, 13, 213, 229, 236–238, 255, 257–258, 265, 271–277; Lippincott and, 132–133; marriage of, 42–43 (see also individual names of family members); Otis and, 264; personal knowledge of workers by, 130–131, 136, 211; popularity of, 99, 106, 191; resignation of, 254–255; salary of, 57–58, 148; work progress reports by, 103–104, 108, 126, 148–149, 167, 172–176, 218, 239

  Mulholland, William Bodine (nephew), 251–252

  Mulholland, William Perry “Perry” (son), 43, 256, 268

  Mulholland Dam, 237–238

  Mulholland Highway, 229, 236–237

  Mulholland Memorial Fountain, 13, 271, 276

  Mulvaney (worker), 211

  Municipal League (Los Angeles), 89, 99, 105

  Nadeau, Remi, 267

  National Geographic, 153

  Nelson, W. M., 104

  Newell, Haynes, 70–71, 78, 82, 88

  Newhall, George, 3

  Newhall Pass, 93, 116, 206–208

  New York City, Catskill Aqueduct, 94, 146–147

 

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