The Anarchy

by William Dalrymple

  National Library of Scotland

  The Papers of Alexander Walker, NLS 13,601–14,193

  National Archives of India, New Delhi

  Secret Consultations

  Political Consultations

  Foreign Consultations

  Foreign Miscellaneous

  Letters from Court

  Secret Letters to Court

  Secret Letters from Court

  Political Letters to Court

  Political Letters from Court

  Hyderabad Residency Records

  Private Archives

  The Fraser Papers, Inverness

  The Kirkpatrick Papers, London

  2. UNPUBLISHED MSS AND DISSERTATIONS

  Chander, Sunil, From a Pre-Colonial Order to a Princely State: Hyderabad in Transition, c1748–1865, unpublished Ph.D., Cambridge University, 1987

  Ghosh, Durba, Colonial Companions: Bibis, Begums, and Concubines of the British in North India 1760–1830, unpublished Ph.D., Berkeley, 2000

  Kaicker, Abhishek, Unquiet City: Making and Unmaking Politics in Mughal Delhi, 1707–39, unpublished Ph.D., Columbia, 2014

  Rothschild, Emma, ‘The East India Company and the American Revolution’, unpublished essay

  3. PERSIAN, URDU, BENGALI & TAMIL SOURCES

  A. MANUSCRIPTS

  Oriental and India Office Collections, British Library (Formerly India Office Library) London

  Tarikh-i-Alamgir Sani, Mss Or. 1749

  (This manuscript has apparently no author name, nor date of composition, nor introduction)

  Fakir Khair ud-Din, ‘Ibrat Nama, Mss Or. 1932

  Ghulam Ali Khan alias Bhikhari Khan, Shah Alam Nama, Mss Add 24080

  I’tisam al-Din, Shigrif-namah-i Vilayet, Mss Or. 200

  Muhammad ‘Ali Khan Ansari of Panipat, Tarikh-i Muzaffari, Mss Or. 466

  Roznamcha-i-Shah Alam, Islamic 3921

  Shakir Khan, Tārīkh-i Shākir Khānī, Mss Add. 6585

  Private Collection, Hyderabad

  Tamkin Kazmi, edited and expanded by Laeeq Salah, Aristu Jah (unpublished Urdu biography, written c. 1950 and re-edited by Laeeq Salah, c. 1980)

  MAAPRI Research Institute Library, Tonk, Rajasthan

  Munshi Mohan Lal, Shah Alam Nama, Tonk Mss 3406

  B. PUBLISHED TEXTS

  Abu’l Fazl, Ain-I-Akbari, 3 vols, trans. H. Blochman and H. S. Jarrett, written c. 1590, Calcutta, 1873–94

  Ali, Karam, ‘The Muzaffarnama of Karam Ali’, in Bengal Nawabs, trans. Jadunath Sarkar, Calcutta, 1952

  Allah, Salim, A Narrative of the Transactions in Bengal, trans. Francis Gladwin, Calcutta, 1788

  Anon., The Chronology of Modern Hyderabad from 1720 to 1890, Hyderabad, 1954

  Astarabadi, Mirza Mahdi, Tarikh-e Jahangosha-ye Naderi: The official history of Nader’s reign, Bombay lithograph, 1265 ac/ad 1849

  Azad, Muhammed Husain, trans. and ed. Frances Pritchett and Shamsur Rahman Faruqi, Ab-e Hayat: Shaping the Canon of Urdu Poetry, New Delhi, 2001

  Beach, Milo Cleveland, and Koch, Ebba, eds, King of the World – the Padshahnama: An Imperial Mughal Manuscript from the Royal Library, Windsor Castle, London, 1997

  Begley, W. E., and Desai, Z. A., eds, The Shah Jahan Nama of Inayat Khan, New Delhi, 1990

  Bidri, Mohammed Qadir Khan Munshi, Tarikh I Asaf Jahi, trans. Dr Zaibunnisa Begum, written 1266 ah/ad 1851, Hyderabad, 1994

  Das, Hari Charan, ‘Chahar Gulzar Shuja’ of Hari Charan Das, in Sir H. M. Elliot and John Dowson, A History of India as Told By Its Own Historians, 8 vols, London, 1867–77, vol. VIII

  ‘Firaqi’, Kunwar Prem Kishor, Waqa’i-i Alam Shahi, Calcutta, 1949

  Ganga Ram, The Maharashtra Purana: An Eighteenth-Century Bengali Historical Text, trans. and ed. Edward C. Dimock Jr and Pratul Chandra Gupta, Honolulu, 1965

  Ghalib, Urdu Letters of Mirza Asadu’llah Khan Ghalib, New York, 1987

  Gholam Ali Khan, Shah Alam Nama, ed. A. A. M. Suhrawardy and A. M. K. Shiirazi, Calcutta, 1914

  Ghulam Husain Salim, Riyazu-s-salatin: A History of Bengal. Translated from the original Persian by Maulvi Abdus Salam, Calcutta, 1902

  Gladwin, Francis (trans.), The Memoirs of Khojeh Abdulkurreem, Calcutta, 1788

  Hasan, Mehdi, Fateh Nawaz Jung, Muraqq-Ibrat, Hyderabad, 1300 ah/ad 1894

  Husain, Saiyyad Iltifat, Nagaristan i-Asafi, written c. 1816, printed in Hyderabad, 1900

  Islam, Khurshidul, and Russell, Ralph, Three Mughal Poets: Mir, Sauda, Mir Hasan, New Delhi, 1991

  I’tisam al-Din, The Wonders of Vilayet, being a memoir, originally in Persian, of a visit to France and Britain, trans. Kaiser Haq, Leeds, 2001

  Jehangir, The Tuzuk-i Jehangiri or Memoirs of Jehangir, trans. Alexander Rodgers, ed. Henry Beveridge, London, 1909–14

  Kamran, Mirza, ‘The Mirza Name: The Book of the Perfect Gentleman’, trans. Mawlavi M. Hidayat Husain, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, vol. IX, 1913

  Kashmiri, Abd ol-Karim, Bayan-e-Waqe’, trans H. G. Pritchard, BM Mss Add 30782

  Khair ud-Din Illahabadi, Fakir, ‘Ibrat Nama, BL Or. 1932

  Khan, Dargah Quli, The Muraqqa’ e-Dehli, trans. Chander Shekhar, New Delhi, 1989

  Khan, Ghulam Hussain, Khan Zaman Khan, Tarikh e-Gulzar e-Asafiya, Hyderabad, 1302 ah/ad 1891

  Khan, Ghulam Iman, Tarikh i-Khurshid Jahi, Hyderabad, 1284 ah/ad 1869

  Khan, M. Abdul Rahim, Tarikh e-Nizam, Hyderabad, 1311 ah/ad 1896

  Khan, Mirza Abu Taleb, The Travels of Mirza Abu Taleb Khan in Asia, Africa, and Europe during the years 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, and 1803, trans. Charles Stewart, London, 1810

  Khan, Mohammed Najmul Ghani, Tarikh-e-Riyasat-e-Hyderabad, Lucknow, 1930

  Khan, Saqi Must’ad, Maasir-i-Alamgiri, trans. as The History of the Emperor Aurangzeb-Alamgir 1658–1707, Jadunath Sarkar, Calcutta, 1946

  Khan, Syed Ghulam Hussain Tabatabai, Seir Mutaqherin or Review of Modern Times, 4 vols, Calcutta, 1790

  Lal, Makhan, Tarikh i-Yadgar-i-Makhan Lal, Hyderabad, 1300 ah/ad 1883

  Mansaram, Lala, Masir i-Nizami, trans. P. Setu Madhava Rao, Eighteenth Century Deccan, Bombay, 1963

  Marvi, Mohammad Kazem, Alam Ara-ye Naderi, 3 vols, ed. Mohammad Amin Riyahi, Tehran, 3rd edn, 1374 ah/ad 1995

  Mirza ‘Ali Bakht, Waqi’at-i Azfari, ed. T Chandrasekharan and Syed Hamza Hussain Omari, Madras, 1957

  Muhammad, Fayz, Siraj ul-Tawarikh (The Lamp of Histories), Kabul, 1913, trans. R. D. McChesney (forthcoming)

  Mukhlis, Anand Ram, Tazkira, in Sir H. M. Elliot and John Dowson, A History of India as Told By Its Own Historians, 1867–77, vol. VIII

  C. M. Naim (translated, annotated and introduced), Zikr-I Mir: The Autobiography of the Eighteenth-Century Mughal Poet, Mir Muhammad Taqi ‘Mir’, New Delhi, 1998

  National Archives of India Calendar of Persian Correspondence, intro. Muzaffar Alam and Sanjay Subrahmanyam, vols 1–9, New Delhi, 2014 reprint

  Pillai, A. R., The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai, Dubash to Joseph François Dupleix, ed. J. F. Price and K. Rangachari, 12 vols, Madras, 1922

  Proceedings of a Jacobin Club formed at Seringapatam by the French soldiers in the Corps commanded by M. Domport, Paper C in Official Documents Relating the Negotiations Carried on by Tippoo Sultan with the French Nation, Calcutta, 1799

  Ruswa, Mirza Mohammed Hadi Ruswa, Umrao Jan Ada, trans. from the original Urdu by Khuswant Singh and M. A. Hussani, Hyderabad, 1982

  Sadasukh Dihlavi, Munkatab ut-Tawarikh, trans. Sir H. M. Elliot and John Dowson, A History of India as Told By Its Own Historians, 1867–77, vol. VIII

  Salim, Allah, A Narrative of the Transactions in Bengal, trans. Francis Gladwin, Calcutta, 1788

  Shustari, Seyyed Abd al-Latif Shushtari, Kitab Tuhfat al-’Alam, written Hyderabad, 1802 and lithographed Bombay, 1847

  Talib, Mohammed Sirajuddin, Mir Alam, Hyderabad

  Talib, Mohammed Sirajuddin, Nizam Ali Khan, Hyderabad

  Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri or Memoirs of Jahanagir, trans. Alexander
Rogers, ed. Henry Beveridge, London, 1919

  Yusuf Ali Khan, Tarikh-i-Bangala-i-Mahabatjangi, trans. Abdus Subhan, Calcutta, 1982

  4. CONTEMPORARY WORKS AND PERIODICAL ARTICLES IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES

  Anon., Narrative Sketches of the Conquest of Mysore, London, 1800

  Andrews, C. F., Zakaullah of Delhi, Cambridge, 1929

  Archer, Major, Tours in Upper India, London, 1833

  Barnard, Anne, The Letters of Lady Anne Barnard to Henry Dundas from the Cape and Elsewhere 1793–1803, ed. A. M. Lewin Robinson, Cape Town, 1973

  Barnard, Anne, The Cape Journals of Lady Anne Barnard 1797–98, ed. A. M. Lewin Robinson, Cape Town, 1994

  Bayley, Emily, The Golden Calm: An English Lady’s Life in Moghul Delhi, London, 1980

  Bazin, Père Louis, ‘Mémoires sur dernieres années du regne de Thamas Kouli-Kan et sa mort tragique, contenus dans une lettre du Frere Bazin’, 1751, in Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses Ecrites des Mission Etrangères, Paris, 1780, vol. IV

  Beatson, Alexander, A View of the Origin and Conduct of the War with Tippoo Sultan, London, 1800

  Bernier, François, Travels in the Mogul Empire, 1656–68, ed. Archibald Constable, trans. Irving Brock, Oxford, 1934

  Bhargava, Krishna Dayal, Browne Correspondence, Delhi, 1960

  Blakiston, John, Twelve Years Military Adventure in Three Quarters of the Globe, 2 vols, London, 1829

  Blochmann, H., trans. and ed., The A’in-i Akbari by Abu’l Fazl ‘Allami, New Delhi, 1977

  Bolts, William, Considerations on Indian Affairs; Particularly Respecting the Present State of Bengal and its Dependencies, 3 vols, London, 1772–5

  Bourquien, Louis, ‘An Autobiographical Memoir of Louis Bourquien translated from the French by J.P. Thompson’, in Journal of the Punjab Historical Society, vol. IX, part 7, 1923

  Burke, Edmund, The Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke, ed. P. J. Marshall, 6 vols, Oxford, 1991

  Caillaud, John, A Narrative of What Happened in Bengal in the Year 1760, London, 1764

  Colebrook, Sir T. E., The Life of Mountstuart Elphinstone, 2 vols, London, 1884

  ‘Cooke’s Evidence before the Select Committee of the House of Commons’, in W. K. Firminger, ed., Great Britain, House of Commons, Report on East India Affairs, Fifth Report from the Select Committee, vol. III, 1812

  Dalrymple, Alexander, A Retrospective View of the Antient System of the East India Company, with a Plan of Regulation, London, 1784

  Dalrymple, James, Letters &c Relative To The Capture of Rachore by Capt. James Dalrymple, Madras, 1796

  D’Oyly, Charles, The European in India, London, 1813

  Dow, Alexander, History of Hindostan, 3 vols, Dublin, 1792

  Duff, Grant, A History of the Mahrattas, 2 vols, London, 1826

  Entick, The Late Reverend John, et al., The Present State of the British Empire, 4 vols, London, 1774

  Fenton, Elizabeth, The Journal of Mrs Fenton, London, 1901

  Firminger, Walter K., and Anderson, William, The Diaries of Three Surgeons of Patna, Calcutta, 1909

  Foster, William, ed., The English Factories in India 1618–1669, 13 vols, London, 1906–27

  Foster, William, ed., Early Travels in India 1583–1619, London, 1921

  Foster, Sir William, The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to India 1615–9, as Narrated in his Journal and Correspondence, New Delhi, 1990

  Francklin, William, The History of Shah Alam, London, 1798

  Francklin, William, Military Memoirs of Mr George Thomas Who by Extraordinary Talents and Enterprise rose from an obscure situation to the rank of A General in the Service of Native Powers in the North-West of India, London, 1805

  Fraser, James, The History of Nadir Shah, London, 1742

  Fraser, James Baillie, Military Memoirs of Lt. Col. James Skinner C.B., 2 vols, London, 1851

  Fryer, Dr John, A New Account of East India and Persia Letters Being Nine Years Travels Begun 1672 and finished 1681, 3 vols, London, 1698

  Gentil, Jean-Baptiste, Mémoires sur l’Indoustan, Paris, 1822

  George III, ed. J. Fortescue, Correspondence of George III, 1760–1783, 6 vols, 1927–8

  Green, Jack, Arenas of Asiatic Plunder, London, 1767

  Hamilton, Alexander, A New Account of the East Indies, 2 vols, London, 1930

  Hanway, Jonas, An Historical Account of the British Trade over the Caspian Sea … to which are added The Revolutions of Persia during the present Century, with the particular History of the great Userper Nadir Kouli, 4 vols, London, 1753

  Hastings, Warren, ed. G. R. Gleig, Memoirs of the Life of the Rt Hon Warren Hastings, First Governor General of Bengal, 3 vols, London, 1841

  Heber, Reginald, A Narrative of a Journey Through the Upper Provinces of India from Calcutta to Bombay, 1824–1825, 3 vols, London, 1827

  Hickey, William, The Memoirs of William Hickey, ed. Alfred Spencer, 4 vols, London, 1925

  Hill, S. C., Bengal in 1756–7, 3 vols, Indian Records Series, Calcutta, 1905

  Hollingbery, William, A History of His Late Highness Nizam Alee Khaun, Soobah of the Dekhan, Calcutta, 1805

  Holwell, John Zephaniah, A Genuine Narrative of the Deplorable Deaths of the English Gentlemen, and others, who were suffocated in the Black Hole in Fort William, in Calcutta, in the Kingdom of Bengal; in the Night Succeeding the 20th June 1756, London, 1758

  Hunter, W. W., The Annals of Rural Bengal, London, 1868

  Jones, Sir William, The Letters of Sir William Jones, ed. Garland Canon, 2 vols, Oxford, 1970

  Jourdain, John, Journal of John Jourdain 1608–17, ed. W. Foster, London, 1905

  Kaye, John W., The Life and Correspondence of Sir John Malcolm GCB, 2 vols, London, 1856

  Kindersley, Mrs Jemima, Letters from the East Indies, London, 1777

  Kirkpatrick, William, Diary and Select Letters of Tippoo Sultan, London, 1804

  Lauriston, Jean Law de, A Memoir of the Mughal Empire 1757–61, trans. G. S. Cheema, New Delhi, 2014

  Linschoten, J. H. Van, The Voyage of John Huyghen Van Linschoten to the East Indies, 2 vols, London, 1885 (original Dutch edn 1598)

  Lockyer, Charles, An Account Of The Trade With India Containing Rules For Good Government In Trade, And Tables: With Descriptions Of Fort St. George, Aheen, Malacca, Condore, Anjenjo, Muskat, Gombroon, Surat, Goa, Carwar, Telicherry, Panola, Calicut, The Cape Of Good Hope, And St Helena Their Inhabitants, Customs, Religion, Government Animals, Fruits &C., London, 1711

  Lushington, Rt Hon. S. R., The Life and Services of Lord George Harris GCB, London, 1840

  Macaulay, Thomas Babington, ‘Warren Hastings’, in The Historical Essays of Macaulay, ed. Samuel Thurber, Boston, 1892

  Madec, René-Marie, Mémoire, ed. Jean Deloche, Pondicherry, 1983

  Majumdar, J. K. (ed.), Raja Rammohun Roy and the Last Moghuls: A Selection from Official Records (1803–1859), Calcutta, 1939

  Malcolm, Sir John, Sketch of the Political History of India from the Introduction of Mr Pitts Bill, London, 1811

  Malcolm, Sir John, Political History of India, 2 vols, London, 1836

  Malcolm, Sir John, Life of Robert, Lord Clive, London, 1836

  Mandelslo, J. A. de, The Voyages and Travels of J. Albert de Mandelslo The Voyages & Travels of the Ambassadors sent by Frederick Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy, and the King of Persia, trans. John Davis, London, 1662

  Manucci, Niccolao, Storia do Mogor, or Mogul India, 1653–1708, 2 vols, trans. William Irvine, London, 1907

  Methwold, William, ‘Relations of the Kingdome of Golchonda and other neighbouring Nations and the English Trade in Those Parts, by Master William Methwold’, in W. H. Moreland, Relations of Golconda in the early Seventeenth Century, London, 1931

  Modave, Comte de, Voyage en Inde du Comte de Modave, 1773–1776, ed. Jean Deloche, Pondicherry, 1971

  Moor, Edward, A Narrative of the Operations of Captain Little’s Detachment, London, 1794

  Nugent, Lady Maria, Journal of a Residence in India 1811–15, vol. 2, L
ondon, 1839

  Parkes, Fanny, Wanderings of a Pilgrim in Search of the Picturesque, London, 1850

  Pellow, Thomas, The Adventures of Thomas Pellow, of Penryn, Mariner, ed. Robert Brown, London, 1890

  Polier, Antoine, Shah Alam II and his Court, Calcutta, 1947

  Pownall, Thomas, The Right, Interest and Duty of Government, as concerned in the affairs of the East India Company, revised edn, 1781

  Price, David, Memoirs of the Early Life and Service of a Field Officer on the Retired List of the Indian Army, London, 1839

  Price, Joseph, Five Letters from a Free Merchant in Bengal, to Warren Hastings Esq, London, 1778

  Price, Joseph, The Saddle Put on the Right Horse, London, 1783

  Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes, Contayning a History of the World, 20 vols, Glasgow, 1905

  Rennell, James, The Marches of the British Armies in the Peninsula of India, London, 1792

  Roe, Sir Thomas, and Fryer, Dr John, Travels in India in the 17th Century, London, 1873

  Row, T. Venkatasami, A Manual of the District of Tanjore in the Madras Presidency, Madras, 1883

  Sarker, Jadunath, ed., English Records of Mahratta History: Poona Residency Correspondence, vol. 1, Mahadji Scindhia and North Indian Affairs 1785–1794, Bombay, 1936

  Sarkar, Jadunath, trans. and ed., ‘Haidarabad and Golkonda in 1750 Seen Through French Eyes: From the Unpublished Diary of a French Officer Preserved in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris’, in Islamic Culture, vol. X, p. 24

  Saxena, V. K., ed., Speeches on the Impeachment of Warren Hastings, 2 vols, Delhi, 1987

  Scrafton, Luke, Observations on Vansittart’s Narrative, London, 1770

  Scurry, James, The Captivity, Sufferings and Escape of James Scurry, who was detained a prisoner during ten years, in the dominions of Haidar Ali and Tippoo Saib, London, 1824

  Sen, S., Indian Travels of Thevenot and Careri, New Delhi, 1949

  Sleeman, Major General Sir W. H., Rambles and Recollections of an Indian Official, Oxford, 1915

  Smith, Adam, The Correspondence of Adam Smith, ed. E. C. Mossner and I. S. Ross, 2nd edn, Oxford, 1987

  Sramek, Joseph, Gender, Morality, and Race in Company India, 1765–1858, New York, 2011

  Srinivasachari, C. S., ed., Fort William–India House Correspondence, vol. 4, London, 1949–58

  Stevens, Henry, The Dawn of British Trade to the East Indies, as Recorded in the Court Minutes of the East India Company 1599–1603, Containing an Account of the Formation of the Company, London, 1866