8 https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/03/unpaid-caregivers/474894/
9 http://progress.unwomen.org/en/2015/pdf/UNW_progressreport.pdf
10 http://www.pwc.com.au/australia-in-transition/publications/understanding-the-unpaid-economy-mar17.pdf
11 http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/folbre_hdr_2015_final_0.pdf
12 Ibid.
13 Sánchez de Madariaga, Inés, ‘Mobility of Care: Introducing New Concepts in Urban Transport’, in Marion Roberts and Inés Sánchez de Madariaga (eds.) (2013), Fair Shared Cities: The Impact of Gender Planning in Europe, Farnham
14 http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/folbre_hdr_2015_final_0.pdf
15 http://progress.unwomen.org/en/2015/pdf/UNW_progressreport.pdf
16 In 2011 the OECD’s annual Social Indicators report included a chapter on unpaid work – but no report since has done the same. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/8111041e.pdf?expires=1500914228&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=CD8E8A5F41FA84BE66F2291FF893E9F0
17 https://theconversation.com/gender-neutral-policies-are-a-myth-why-we-need-a-womens-budget-55231
18 Himmelweit, Susan (2002), ‘Making Visible the Hidden Economy: The Case for Gender-Impact Analysis of Economic Policy’, Feminist Economics, 8:1, 49–70, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13545700110104864
19 https://www.unison.org.uk/content/uploads/2014/06/On-line-Catalogue224222.pdf
20 http://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/WBG_briefing_Social-Care_Budget-2017_final_JDH_SH_EN_20Mar.pdf
21 Ibid.
22 Ibid.
23 https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/mar/18/public-sector-cuts-hit-prudent-houseife
24 https://www.unison.org.uk/content/uploads/2014/06/On-line-Catalogue224222.pdf
25 http://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/WBG_briefing_Soc-Security_pre_Budget.pdf
26 https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/may/01/conservatives-universal-credit-hard-work
27 https://wbg.org.uk/news/low-income-women-lose-2000-tax-benefit-changes/
28 http://progress.unwomen.org/en/2015/pdf/UNW_progressreport.pdf; http://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/WBG_Budget2017_Fullresponse-1.pdf
29 http://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Budget_pressrelease_9Mar17.pdf
30 https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/section/149
31 https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/may/01/conservatives-universal-credit-hard-work
32 Barsh, Joanna and Yee, Lareina (2011), ‘Unlocking the full potential of women in the U.S. Economy’, McKinsey
33 http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2015/the-case-for-gender-equality/
34 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Gender_statistics#Labour_market
35 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS?locations=US, accessed 13 March 2018
36 Ibid.; https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.MA.ZS, accessed 13 March 2018
37 http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2015/the-case-for-gender-equality/
38 McKinsey (2015), ‘The Power of Parity: how advancing women’s equality can add $12 trillion to global growth’
39 Ibid.
40 Ibid.
41 http://progress.unwomen.org/en/2015/pdf/UNW_progressreport.pdf
42 Himmelweit (2002)
43 http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp1464.pdf
44 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269288731_Business_training_plus_for_female_entrepreneurship_Short_and_medium-term_experimental_evidence_from_Peru
45 http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_431_listaFile_itemName_1_file.pdf
46 http://progress.unwomen.org/en/2015/pdf/UNW_progressreport.pdf
47 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/lancet-ageing-series/en/
48 Ibid.
49 https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/projects/time-think-differently/trends-disease-and-disability-long-term-conditions-multi-morbidity
50 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1
51 http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_431_listaFile_itemName_1_file.pdf
52 Ibid.
53 http://caringeconomy.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/care-crisis-means-big-trouble.pdf
54 Ibid.
55 http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2017/06/20/the_gop_s_plan_to_slash_medicaid_will_shift_a_costly_burden_onto_women_who.html
56 http://progress.unwomen.org/en/2015/pdf/UNW_progressreport.pdf
57 https://www.alzheimersresearchuk.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Women-and-Dementia-A-Marginalised-Majority1.pdf
58 Ibid.
59 http://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/gender-equality/the-power-of-parity-advancing-womens-equality-in-the-united-kingdom
60 http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/world/europe/10iht-sweden.html
61 https://iwpr.org/publications/impact-equal-pay-poverty-economy/
62 http://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/De_Henau_Perrons_WBG_CareEconomy_ITUC_briefing_final.pdf
63 http://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/De_Henau_WBG_child-care_briefing3_2017_02_20-1.pdf
64 http://progress.unwomen.org/en/2015/pdf/UNW_progressreport.pdf
65 http://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/De_Henau_WBG_child-care_briefing3_2017_02_20-1.pdf
66 Kim, Kijong and Antonopoulos, Rania (2011), ‘Working Paper No. 691: Unpaid and Paid Care: The Effects of Child Care and Elder Care on the Standard of Living’, Levy Economics Institute of Bard College
67 Ibid.
68 http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/folbre_hdr_2015_final_0.pdf
69 http://newlaborforum.cuny.edu/2017/03/03/recognize-reduce-redistribute-unpaid-care-work-how-to-close-the-gender-gap/
70 http://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/De_Henau_Perrons_WBG_CareEconomy_ITUC_briefing_final.pdf
71 http://newlaborforum.cuny.edu/2017/03/03/recognize-reduce-redistribute-unpaid-care-work-how-to-close-the-gender-gap/
72 http://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/De_Henau_Perrons_WBG_CareEconomy_ITUC_briefing_final.pdf
73 Ibid.
74 http://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/De_Henau_WBG_child-care_briefing3_2017_02_20-1.pdf
75 http://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/gender-equality/the-power-of-parity-advancing-womens-equality-in-the-united-kingdom
76 http://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/De_Henau_WBG_child-care_briefing3_2017_02_20-1.pdf
77 http://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/gender-equality/the-power-of-parity-advancing-womens-equality-in-the-united-kingdom
78 http://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/De_Henau_WBG_child-care_briefing3_2017_02_20-1.pdf
79 Ibid.
80 http://www.gothamgazette.com/city/6326-pre-k-offers-parents-opportunity-at-economic-gain
81 Ibid.
82 https://ourworldindata.org/women-in-the-labor-force-determinants
83 http://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/De_Henau_WBG_child-care_briefing3_2017_02_20-1.pdf; http://progress.unwomen.org/en/2015/pdf/UNW_progressreport.pdf
84 http://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/gender-equality/the-power-of-parity-advancing-womens-equality-in-the-united-kingdom http://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/
85 http://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/De_Henau_WBG_child-care_briefing3_2017_02_20-1.pdf
86 http://newlaborforum.cuny.edu/2017/03/03/recognize-reduce-redistribute-unpaid-care-work-how-to-close-the-gender-gap/
Chapter 13
1 https://twitter.com/alex6130/status/872937838488281088
2 https://twitter.com/MaliaBouattia/status/872978158135508992
3 https://twitter.com/DavidLammy/status/873063062483357696
4 https://www.buzzfeed.com/ikrd/we-dont-actually-know-how-many-young-people-turned-out-to?utm_term=.yw9j2lr8l#.cqOlx8Aa8
5 https://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2017/12/14/youthquake-word-ofthe-year-2017-com
mentary/
6 http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/the-myth-of-the-2017-youthquake-election/
7 https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/blogs/peter-kellner/the-british-election-study-claims-there-was-no-youthquake-last-june-its-wrong
8 https://twitter.com/simonschusterUK/status/973882834665590785
9 https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/are-women-really-70-of-the-worlds-poor-howdo-we-know/; http://www.politifact.com/punditfact/article/2014/jul/03/meet-zombie-stat-just-wont-die/
10 https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/poverty/news/2013/03/11/56097/gender-equality-and-womens-empowerment-are-key-to-addressing-global-poverty/; https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2013/mar/26/empower-women-end-poverty-developing-world; https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/introduction-to-the-challenges-of-achieving-gender/; https://www.pciglobal.org/womens-empowerment-poverty/; https://reliefweb.int/report/world/women-and-development-worlds-poorest-are-women-and-girls; http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_008066/lang–en/index.htm; https://www.oecd.org/social/40881538.pdf
11 https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/are-women-really-70-of-the-worlds-poor-howdo-we-know/
12 http://www.politifact.com/punditfact/article/2014/jul/03/meet-zombiestat-just-wont-die/
13 http://ideas4development.org/en/zombie-facts-to-bury-about-women-and-girls/
14 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rahul_Lahoti/publication/236248332_Moving_from_the_Household_to_the_Individual_Multidimensional_Poverty_Analysis/links/5741941d08aea45ee8497aca/Moving-from-the-Household-to-the-Individual-Multidimensional-Poverty-Analysis.pdf?origin=publication_list
15 A note on household heads. The sex of a household head is determined by the sex of the other people living with her. A male-headed household can, and often does, include adult females. A female-headed household, on the other hand, is almost always by definition a household that lacks an adult male – and lack is the operative term here. Households are not female-headed by default.
16 Lundberg, Shelly J., Pollak, Robert A. and Wales, Terence J. (1997), ‘Do Husbands and Wives Pool Their Resources? Evidence from the United Kingdom Child Benefit’, Journal of Human Resources, 32:3, 463–80, http://www.jstor.org/stable/146179
17 http://www.cpahq.org/cpahq/cpadocs/Feminization_of_Poverty.pdf; http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/3040/1/Gendered_nature_of_natural_disasters_%28LSERO%29.pdf
18 https://www.jstor.org/stable/145670?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents; https://blogs.wsj.com/ideas-market/2011/01/27/the-gender-of-money/; François Bourguignon, Martin Browning, Pierre-André Chiappori and Valérie Lechene (1993), ‘Intra Household Allocation of Consumption: A Model and Some Evidence from French Data’, Annales d’Économie et de Statistique, 29, Progrès récents en théorie du consommateur / Recent Advances in Economic Theory, 137–56; http://jezebel.com/5744852/money-has-a-gender
19 https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/may/01/conservatives-universal-credit-hard-work
20 https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/documents/gender-responsive-orientation-document.pdf
21 Ibid.
22 Gauff, Tonya Major (2009), ‘Eliminating the Secondary Earner Bias: Lessons from Malaysia, the United Kingdom, and Ireland’, Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy, 4:2
23 European Parliament (2017), Gender Equality and Taxation in the European Union, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/583138/IPOL_STU%282017%29583138_EN.pdf
24 Andrienko, Yuri, Apps, Patricia and Rees, Ray (2014), ‘Gender Bias in Tax Systems Based on Household Income’, Discussion Paper, Institute for the Study of Labor
25 https://www.gov.uk/marriage-allowance/how-it-works
26 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016–08-18/japan-may-finally-end-10–000-cap-on-women-s-incentive-to-work
27 http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/gender/Gender%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction/Taxation%20English.pdf
28 European Parliament (2017), Gender Equality and Taxation in the European Union, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/583138/IPOL_STU%282017%29583138_EN.pdf
29 Ibid.
30 Ibid.
31 Institute of Development Studies (2016), ‘Redistributing Unpaid Care Work – Why Tax Matters for Women’s Rights’
32 https://wbg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/taxation-pre-Budget-nov-2017-final.pdf
33 Ibid.
34 Ibid.
35 Institute of Development Studies (2016), ‘Redistributing Unpaid Care Work – Why Tax Matters for Women’s Rights’
36 http://www.taxjustice.net/2016/11/03/switzerland-un-hot-seat-impact-tax-policies-womens-rights/
37 http://cesr.org/sites/default/files/downloads/switzerland_factsheet_2nov2016.pdf
38 http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/gender/Gender%20and%20Poverty%20Reduction/Taxation%20English.pdf 2010
39 Institute of Development Studies (2016), ‘Redistributing Unpaid Care Work – Why Tax Matters for Women’s Rights’
40 European Parliament (2017), Gender Equality and Taxation in the European Union
Chapter 14
1 https://www.politicalparity.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Parity-Research-Women-Impact.pdf
2 http://www.historyandpolicy.org/policy-papers/papers/women-in-parliament-since-1945-have-they-changed-the-debate
3 https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:200156/FULLTEXT01.pdf
4 Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States
5 https://economics.mit.edu/files/792
6 https://web.stanford.edu/group/peg/Papers%20for%20call/nov05%20papers/Clots-Figueras.pdf
7 https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/09/clinton-trust-sexism/500489/
8 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/3558075/Irrational-ambition-is-Hillary-Clintons-flaw.html
9 https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/are-we-born-racist/201010/is-hillary-clinton-pathologically-ambitious
10 http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9807E3D8123EF932A-15751C0A9619C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2
11 http://www.weeklystandard.com/colin-powell-on-hillary-clinton-unbridled-ambition-greedy-not-transformational/article/2004328
12 http://www.teenvogue.com/story/hillary-clinton-laughs-too-ambitious-attack
13 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3900744/Assange-says-Clinton-eaten-alive-ambitions-denies-Russia-Democratic-email-hacks-interview-Kremlin-s-TV-channel.html
14 http://www.theonion.com/blogpost/hillary-clinton-is-too-ambitious-to-be-the-first-f-11229
15 https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/are-we-born-racist/201010/is-hillary-clinton-pathologically-ambitious
16 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0146167210371949
17 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103108000334
18 Cikara, Mina and Fiske, Susan T. (2009), ‘Warmth, competence, and ambivalent sexism: Vertical assault and collateral damage’, in Barreto, Manuela, Ryan, Michelle K. and Schmitt, Michael T. (eds.), The glass ceiling in the 21st century: Understanding barriers to gender equality, Washington
19 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160829095050.htm
20 Hekman, David, Johnson, Stefanie, Foo, Maw-Der and Yang, Wei (2017), ‘Does Diversity-Valuing Behavior Result in Diminished Performance Ratings for Non-White and Female Leaders?’, Academy of Management Journal, 60:2, 771
21 https://www.lrb.co.uk/v39/n02/rebecca-solnit/from-lying-to-leering
22 http://archive.ipu.org/wmn-e/world.htm
23 https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/women-and-equalities-committee/news-parliament-2017/govt-response-women-hoc-2017–19/
24 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/642904/Government_Response_-_Women_in_the_House_of_Commons.pdf
25 http://archive.ipu.org/wmn-e/arc/classif010197.htm
26 https://www.
fawcettsociety.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=2e149e34-9c26-4984-bf64-8989db41a6ad
27 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/642904/Government_Response_-_Women_in_the_House_of_Commons.pdf
28 Diana Z. O’Brien and Johanna Rickne (2016), ‘Gender Quotas and Women’s Political Leadership’, American Political Science Review, 110:1 (February 2016), 112–26
29 https://blogs.eui.eu/genderquotas/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/Executive-summary-Sweden-Freidenvall1.pdf
30 Ibid.
31 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2013/493011/IPOL-FEMM_NT(2013)493011_EN.pdf
32 https://blogs.eui.eu/genderquotas/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/03/Executive-summary-Sweden-Freidenvall1.pdf
33 Yoon, J. and Shin, K. (2015), ‘Mixed effects of legislative quotas in South Korea’, Politics & Gender, 11:1, 186–95
34 O’Brien and Rickne (2016)
35 https://web.archive.org/web/20110605021810/ http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200708/cmhansrd/cm080306/debtext/80306–0007.htm
36 https://www.worksopguardian.co.uk/news/politics/man-who-sent-mp-s-wife-dead-bird-in-post-is-given-restraining-order-1–4777574
37 https://christinescottcheng.wordpress.com/publications/women-in-politics/mixed-member-proportional-leads-to-more-women-mps/how-the-electoral-system-matters-for-electing-women/; http://www.europarl.europa.eu/workingpapers/femm/w10/2_en.htm
38 Castillejo, Clare (2016), ‘Women political leaders and peacebuilding’, http://noref.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/6ccaf3f24b120b8004f0db2a767a9dc2.pdf
39 http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/6ccaf3f24b120b8004f0db2a767a9dc2.pdf
40 Castillejo (2016)
41 http://www.capwip.org/readingroom/cawp-womenstateleg.pdf
42 https://www.fawcettsociety.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=2e149e34-9c26-4984-bf64-8989db41a6ad
43 Hancock, Adrienne B., Rubin, Benjamin A. (2015), ‘Influence of Communication Partner’s Gender on Language’, Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 34:1, 46–64
44 http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/for-many-women-watching-trump-interrupt-clinton-51-times-was-unnerving-but-familiar/
45 https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/11/inside-the-fall-of-todays-matt-lauer
Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men Page 38