The King in the North
Page 47
Colman of Lindisfarne, St 276, 301, 308–9, 317–21, 334–37
Colman Rimidh, King 69–70
Colonsay 71
Columba, Saint see Colm Cille, Saint
Columbanus 174
Conadh Cerr, King 64
Conall mac Comgaill, King 58, 64
Congal Cáech, king of Ulster 193–94
Constantine the Great 37, 48, 88, 92, 116–17, 153, 154, 176
Constantinople 18, 177
Corbridge (Corstopitum) 136, 138, 147, 150, 152, 157, 158, 159n, 205, 285, 360
Corman, Bishop 166
Cowal 71
Craignure 21
Cramp, Dame Rosemary 155n, 314n
Crondall, Hampshire hoard 41
Crusades 4, 385
Cubitt, Catherine 250–51
Cummian of Clonfert 309–10, 320
Cunedda of the Gododdin 144
Cuthbert, St 279, 302, 303, 307, 372
birth 204
prays for endangered monks on a raft 267
in Oswiu’s army 270
at Old Melrose monastery 178
premonition of Ecgfrith’s death 140, 375
at Inner Farne 168, 169, 345, 355, 374
community of 181, 262, 268
personality 297, 344, 374
recovers from the plague 318
at Lindisfarne 321
replaces Wilfrid in the royal favour 343–44
interment at Lindisfarne church 355, 356
his remains 353–60, 362, 364, 365, 383–84
opening of his shrine 354–55, 363–65
legacy 385
Cuthbert Gospel 363–64
Cwichelm, king of the Gewisse 106, 108, 139, 187, 191, 199, 233
Cynddylan, king of Powys 230, 234
Cyneburh 281, 308n
Cynegisl, king of the Gewisse 186, 187, 191, 192, 233, 299
Cynewise 281, 284
Cynibil 324n
Cyniburh (Oswald’s wife) 186, 187, 268
D
Dagobert I 103, 104, 117, 127, 129, 188
Dál n’Araide 64n, 99, 193
Dál Riata 3, 20, 61, 69, 95, 140, 290
and Colm Cille 21, 55, 58, 63
and Æthelfrith 14
Iona as its principal monastery and school 8–9
Æthelfrith’s children received at the court 21
decline of fortunes 28
military disaster at Fid Eoin 64
army tactics 67
relationship with Iona 69
the three kin branches 71
fighting strength of kings 72
maritime interests 72–73, 100
Oswald proves himself fighting in warbands 142
kings’ decline of fortune 143
Oswald permitted to leave and make his bid 146
war with Strathclyde 194–95
Dalfinus, Count of Lyons 304–5
Dalkey Island, near Dún Laoghaire 73
David and Goliath 70
Debatable Lands 28
Degsastan, Battle of (604) 27–29, 31, 32, 50, 52, 64
Deira 190, 198
map xii
united with Bernicia 6, 24, 27, 29, 52, 158–59
Swale-Tees borderlands 26
Æthelfrith succeeds Æthelric 27
Edwin’s fight for 78
Edwin’s arrival as the new Lord 87
described 88–95
Edwin secures against its enemies 97
looks to the south for enemies and allies 124–25
reverts to home-grown kings and paganism 125, 128
gesiths loath to accept Oswiu as king by right 262
Oswiu rules through a sub-regulus, Oswine 264
Deniseburn 157, 158, 164
Dere Street 136, 147, 159n
Derry (Londonderry) 60, 61, 73–74
Derry monastery 312
Derventio 88
Derwent River 88, 92, 95, 106
Deusdedit, Archbishop of Canterbury 308n, 316–17, 318, 322, 323
Devil’s Causeway 182, 205, 206, 208
Devil’s Water 157, 158
Dewsbury, West Yorkshire 114, 132
Diarmit, King 57
Dobunni 191n
Domesday Survey (1086) 232, 371
Dommoc 39, 80, 118
Domnall mac Áedo, high king of Ireland 193
Doncaster 86, 87, 125, 126, 132, 235, 285
Donemutha 267, 292
Dorestad (now Wijk bij Duurstede) 39, 80
Douglas, Earl 15
drengs 4, 23, 219, 221, 381
Druim Cett conference (575) 61, 62
Druim Cett, Treaty of (c. 575) 193
Duff, Cowan 312
Dumbarton Rock (Alcluith) 17, 20, 21
Dún Guaire see Bamburgh Castle
Dun I, Iona 22
Dunachton, Loch Insh 373n
Dunadd, Argyll 21, 58, 62, 63, 68, 70, 71, 74–75, 149, 167
Dunbar 342n, 352
Dunnichen, Angus 373n
Dunwich (possibly Dommoc) 39, 80, 118n
Durham 95, 181, 184, 308, 362
Durham Cathedral 4, 353, 362–68
Durham Liber Vitae 262–63, 300, 348
Durham University 364
E
Eadbald, king of Kent 81, 82, 103, 104, 105, 129, 188
Eadberht, Bishop 360
Eadberht, King 377
Eadfrith 78, 128, 130, 133, 234
ealdormen 23, 112, 173, 199, 281
Eanflæd, Queen 107, 129, 188, 263–64, 269, 273–74, 280, 284, 303, 306, 309, 310, 313, 316, 318, 339, 345, 348, 349, 350, 381
Eanfrith (Oswald’s half-brother) 144, 145, 147, 185
lives in exile among the Picts 10, 136
campaigns in foreign lands 14
returns from exile 128
disastrous bid for Bernicia 16, 133, 140, 143
sues for peace 136–38, 142–43
killed by Cadwallon 138, 140, 143, 146
and Merovingian custom 186
Eappa, Abbot 256
East Anglia 3, 80, 84, 85, 93, 94, 187, 188, 190, 192, 198, 199, 234, 266, 282, 313, 317
East Saxons 80, 103, 116
Easter 49, 51, 167, 170, 172, 173, 174, 298, 309, 310, 315, 317, 320
Eata, Abbot 301, 302, 305, 306, 317n, 318
Ebchester 268
Eccles 179, 344
Eccles names 179, 299
Ecgfrith, king of Northumbria (Oswald’s nephew) 220, 302, 315, 316, 338–44, 349,
373–76
birth 280
as a hostage 284, 285
returned to Oswiu 288
marriages 306, 341–42, 348, 373
sub-king in Deira 324–25, 339
king of all the Northumbrians 325, 339
division of Northumbria into dioceses 350
exiles Wilfrid (681) 257, 351–52
St Cuthbert’s premonition of his death 140, 375
Ecgred, Bishop 383–84
Ecgulf (Oswald’s uncle) 65
Echternach, Luxembourg 367
Eddius Stephanus 139, 199, 297, 303, 304, 306, 315, 320, 323, 342, 343, 348, 351
Eden River 19, 146, 148
Edinburgh (Din Eidyn; Etin) 136, 194, 195
Edwin Yffing, King (Oswald’s uncle) 4, 75, 99–102, 158, 160, 172, 196, 217, 227, 232, 263, 299, 300, 325
Acha’s brother 8, 23
freelance warrior in exile 8, 29–30, 76–77, 79
fostered on Anglesey 77, 78
baptism 77, 147n, 155
marriages 42, 78, 95, 104–5, 137, 196
Æthelfrith tries to have him killed 8, 76, 81, 192
conversion issue 48, 76, 77, 78, 84, 104, 107–13, 128, 168, 318
sons by Coenburh 78, 95
Rædwald as his protector 8, 79, 81
Faustian pact 81–83, 109, 161, 288, 289
defeats Æthelfrith at Battle on the River Idle (617) xiv, 8, 54, 86, 98, 148
reclaims his kingdom 8, 23, 87
ambitions for York’s revival 88
&
nbsp; exercises tributary control over Bernicia 95
secures Deira against its enemies 97
Irish Sea invasion 101, 125
imperium 101, 103, 116–19, 127
open warfare against Cadwallon 102
most powerful warlord of the English 104, 108
Pope Boniface’s letters 105, 106, 108
assassination attempt 106–7, 139, 173, 187, 199, 264
Cadwallon’s rebellion 125
Bernicia and Deira held together by main force 158–59
Romanitas 177
death at Hatfield 9, 124, 127, 140, 192, 349
dual role of 340
head housed at York 244, 337–38, 349
bones transported to Whitby 348, 349
Egbert, Bishop 377–78
Egbert, king of Kent 322–23
Eilean nam Ban, Sound of Iona 9–10
Elijah 70
Elizabeth I, Queen 41, 139, 288
Elmet 93, 94, 98, 99, 100, 102, 235, 313, 340n
Elvet 368
Ely 282
emporia 39, 44, 60, 73, 74, 80, 88
English Channel 40, 41
Eobba 24
Eochaid Buide, King 21, 28, 62, 63, 65, 74, 99, 143
Eomer 106, 107
Eorconberht, king of Kent 263, 303
Eorpwald 118
Eowa 192, 230, 234, 235, 247
Ermine Street 7, 85, 287
Erraid Isle 22
Escomb church, County Durham 377
Eugein (Hoan), king of the Britons 194, 195
Eugein I of Strathclyde 143n
Eugene I, Pope 305, 317
F
Færpinga 198
Faremoutiers-en-Brie monastery, France 357
Felix, Bishop 118
Fiachnae mac Báetáin 99
Fid Eoin, Battle of (628) 64, 65, 67
Fife, Earl of 15
Filey 88, 91
Fina, Princess 69, 147, 262, 276
Finan, Bishop 276, 281, 296, 301, 302, 308, 309
Fionnphort 21, 22
Firth of Forth 283, 350
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge 369
Fleming, Andrew 26–27
Flodden Field, Battle of (1513) 15, 209, 363
Fordwich, Kent 44
Forth River 12, 17, 19, 194, 210, 285
Francis of Assisi, St 184
Frankia 38, 43, 45, 73, 80, 82, 88, 94, 104, 274, 304, 306, 312, 340
Franks 43, 103, 137, 210
Frisia 39, 366
Fursa, St 356, 357, 360
G
Gall, St 174
Gartan, Ireland 55–56
Garton Slack cremation cemetery 89
Garvellach Islands 59
Gateshead (Ad Capra) 282, 293
Gaul 312, 323, 324, 376
Gefrinshire (Yeavering) 181, 215, 221, 344
Germanus, Bishop 36
gesiths 45, 48, 56, 77, 83, 107, 173, 182, 217, 218, 219, 229, 260, 262, 273, 277, 281, 291, 303, 322, 336, 380, 381, 382
Gewisse 104, 106, 108, 186, 187, 191, 193, 233
Gifla 198
Gildas 36, 37, 41, 125, 130, 147n, 197, 226, 227, 279
Gilling (now Gilling West) 273, 300, 381, 383
Glasgow 17
Glen Mairson, Battle of 194
Glen River 15, 114, 129, 217, 221, 225
Glendale 15, 31, 209, 241
Gloucester monastic church 366
Gododdin 19, 20, 135, 136, 178, 194, 195, 211
Goodmanham 89, 112, 133
Great Glen 22, 60
Great North Road 85, 125, 132, 273, 343, 362
Greaves Ash 211
Greenhead, Northumberland 151
Greenshiel, Lindisfarne 169
Greenwell, Canon William 157, 365
Gregory I, Pope 42, 43, 47–49, 113, 114, 210, 248, 301, 317, 378
Grey family of Chillingham 204
grubenhäuser (sunken-floored buildings) 89, 91
Guthrum 385
Gwynedd 3, 14, 76, 78, 102, 116, 127, 135, 138, 192, 261, 279
king of 101
Gwyr y Gogledd (Men of the old North) 261
Gwyrangon 40
Gypsy Race 91
Gyrwe 80
H
Hadrian (monk) 339, 376
Hadrian’s Wall 12, 19, 136, 150, 151, 152, 164, 210–13, 282, 292, 370
Hæthfelth see Hatfield Chase, Battle of
Halfdan the Dane 362, 385
Hamwic, near Southampton 39
Hamwih 187
Harald Hardrada, King 88
Harold II, King 370
Harrying of the North (1069-70) 131
Hartlepool (Heruteu) 292, 293, 313, 314
Hastings, Battle of (1066) 370
Hatfield (Hæthfelth) Chase, Battle of (633) 94, 102n, 124–29, 131, 138, 143, 192, 244, 267, 337, 349
Hawksmoor, Nicholas 358
Heavenfield 152, 156, 164, 166
Heavenfield, Battle of (634) 23, 147, 155, 156–58, 157, 161, 202, 254, 263, 267, 378
Hebrides 22, 100
Hengest 39–40, 90
Henry VII, King 326
Henry VIII, King 4, 365, 377, 385
Heptarchy 94
Hereric 87, 98, 99
Hereswith 305n, 313
Hering, son of Hussa 29, 64
Heronbridge, near Chester 53
Hexham (Hagustaldesham) 156–57, 163, 165, 292, 350, 370
Hexham Abbey 164, 295, 296–97, 342, 382, 385
Hexham church 254–55
hidage 217–21
Higham, Nick 119, 126, 191n
Hilda (Hild), Saint, abbess of Whitby 99, 218, 267, 305n, 313–14, 318, 348
Hildesheim, Germany 366
Historia Brittonum 10, 29n, 98, 232, 234
Historia de Sancto Cuthberto 181, 340, 344, 362, 382–83
Historia Regum 12
Hitler, Adolf 41
Holy Land 18, 312, 376
Honorius, Emperor 39
Honorius, Metropolitan Archbishop of Britain 298
Honorius, Pope 119
Hope-Taylor, Dr Brian 113, 114–16, 117, 130, 155n, 185, 209–10, 215, 275
Horsa 39–40, 90
Hovingham 293
Hreða (goddess) 203
Humber Estuary 86
map xii
Humber River 6, 27, 29, 93, 125, 188, 312, 351
Hunwold 273
Hussa 29
Hwicce 50, 94, 191, 193, 235
I
Iago ap Beli 77
Iceni 86
Ida 24, 98, 189, 197, 215
Idings of Bernicia 23, 25, 31, 134, 145, 184, 193, 215, 227, 231, 237, 264, 287, 293, 351, 373, 374, 375, 377, 379, 381
Idle River 7, 85, 86, 93
Imma 352
incorruption
Æthelburh 357, 360
Æthelthryth 342, 356, 357, 360
Christ Church with All Saints, Spitalfields 358–59
Cuthbert 353–60, 364, 365
Fursa 356, 357, 360
Oswald 176, 242, 252, 262, 271, 353, 355
St Bees Priory, Cumbria 359
Ine, king of Wessex 139, 173, 187, 198, 216–17, 219–20, 249
Ingram 204, 211
Inishbofin, Connemara, County Galway 334–35, 336
Inishowen Maritime Museum, Greencastle, County Donegal 57–58
Inner Farne 168, 169, 271, 274, 345, 355, 374
Inner Hebrides 59, 60, 376
Iona 21–23, 58–62, 71, 140, 169, 190, 255, 312
original name (Hii) 22, 57n
gifted to Colm Cille (565) 21, 58, 383
principal monastery and school of Dál Riata 8–9, 376
Acha’s sons’ education 5–6, 9, 70
Bede’s correspondents 8–9, 163
Oswald’s baptism 9, 142
Arculf in 18, 74
relationship with Dál Riata 69
relationship with Dunadd 74–75
possible Ionan contingent in Oswald’s forces 145
&nb
sp; failure of first bishop’s mission to Northumbrians 161–62, 165, 168
authority of the abbot 298
several of Colm Cille’s descendants become abbots 346
Ecgfrith’s burial 375
Iona Abbey 170
Ipswich (Gipeswic) 39, 80, 86
Ireland xiv, 18, 22, 46, 56–57, 72–73, 199, 248, 337, 366
Irish, the 39–40, 41, 66–67, 279, 283
Irish Annals 144, 189–90, 193, 194
Irish Sea 20, 100, 101, 125, 194
Irminric 42
Iron Age 72, 89, 92, 126, 203, 207, 209
Islandshire 181, 263
Islay 71
Isle of Ely 341, 342
Isle of Man 18, 100, 101, 102, 217, 218
Isle of Mull 21
Isle of Wight 40
Iudeu 283
Iurminburh, Queen 342, 343, 348, 350, 351, 352, 375
Ivar the Boneless 385
J
Jacobite rebellion (1745) 164
James the Deacon 111, 129, 130n, 134, 267, 299, 309, 318
James, Edward 111
Janaway, Rob 359
Jarrow 183, 375
monastery 312, 376, 382, 385
Jerome, St 304
John, St 320
John of Fordun 154
Joshua 153
Judith, wife of Tostig 370
Julian of Toledo 133
Jura 22, 59
Justus, Bishop 103
Jutes 40–41
K
Kenneth MacAlpin, King 385
Kent 37–42, 80, 94, 190, 198, 199, 274, 324, 370
kings of 42, 45, 303, 317, 322–23
most influential kingdom in Anglo-Saxon Britain 50
decline in influence 188
Kentigern, St 17
Kentish Chronicle 29n, 39
Kilmartin, Argyll 21
Kintyre 22, 59, 71
Kirkoswald, Cumberland 368–69
Knights Templar 385
L
laenland 183, 184
Lanton Quarry, Glendale 31, 225–26, 227
Lasrén, Abbot 68
Lastingham 324n, 339n
Lawrence, Archbishop of Canterbury 103
Laws of King Ine 291
Laycock, Stuart 214
leachta 337
Leeds (Loidis) 93, 284
Leicester 191
Lenin, Vladimir 288
Lex Ripuaria 117
Lichfield, Staffordshire 191, 235, 339n
hoard of battle-booty 30–31, 66, 74, 284
Life of Gregory the Great 248
Lilla’s Howe, Goathland Moor, North Yorkshire 107
Limavady, near Derry 61
Lincoln 86, 188, 285, 343
Lindisfarne Gospels 364, 376
Lindisfarne (Inis Metcaud; Holy Island) 3, 91, 255, 275, 292, 312, 345, 382
Theodoric blockaded by British forces 25, 26, 169
chosen as site of Aidan’s first monastery 166, 383
Oswald founds monastery (635) 4, 160, 181, 254, 299, 300, 301
potential as a new Iona in the East 70, 162
described 168–70
scriptoria 183
the ideal of the monks 184