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INDEX
Abdera (Spain) 4, 50, 195
accountants (‘treasurers’, mhšbm, mehashbim) 31, 41, 87, 120, 144, 208
Acherbas:
see Zakarbaal
Acholla 39, 63, 217
Acragas (Agrigentum) 17, 49, 56, 60, 71, 75, 106–7, 112, 133–5, 157, 162–3, 165, 167, 169, 173–7, 180–1, 183, 187
Adherbal (general in 250–249) 34, 187–8
Adherbal (general in 307) 174
adirim, ’drm:
see senate of Carthage
Adriatic 168, 197, 199–200, 203
Adys (battle) 185
Aegates Islands (battle) 36, 189
Aelian (writer) 136
Aesculapius (Eshmun) 28, 76, 87, 98;
see also Asclepius, Eshmun
Agathocles (tyrant and king of Syracuse) 29, 64, 72, 76, 101, 139–42, 145–6, 149, 152–4, 156, 158, 162, 172–7, 181–2, 185–6, 195, 201, 203, 206
agora at Carthage:
see town square
Alalia (Corsica) 43, 46, 125
Alashiya 4, 9
Alexander the Great 2, 101, 112, 139, 141, 152, 162, 172, 174, 191, 196, 200, 211
Alps 163, 199–200
Ammianus Marcellinus (historian) 105
amphorae 12, 44, 50, 60, 62, 83
Anaxilas (tyrant of Rhegium) 164–5
annals of Tyre 5
Antiochus III 208
Apollo (Reshef?) 15, 77, 94, 98–9, 219
Appian 6, 28, 30, 70–1, 75–6, 75–6, 85–8, 90–2, 113, 135, 142–3, 151, 212–14, 217
Appius:
see Claudius, Appius
Apthther 212
Apulia 199, 201, 205
Arcesilaus 174
Ariana (Sebkhet Ariana) 13, 15, 76, 88
Aristo (Hannibal’s agent) 208
Aristotle 6, 17, 22, 24–33, 35–7, 42, 44, 63–5, 124, 135, 137–8, 152, 154, 179, 221, 222
Asclepius (Eshmun) 76, 99, 120;
see also Aesculapius
assembly, citizen (‘m, ham) 23, 25, 29–30, 36–8, 50, 208
Assyria 1–2, 4–5, 10–11, 130
Astarte 9–10, 23, 44, 53, 77, 94–5, 99, 110, 121, 147
Ataban (Numidian lord of Thugga) 78, 81, 113, 116
Athens 22, 57, 60, 96, 107, 120, 132, 164, 166–7, 211–12, 220
Augustine, Saint 105, 147, 220
Augustus 2, 220
Autaritus (Gallic mercenary general) 161, 190–2
Avienus, Ora Maritima 54
‘awakener of the god’ (priestly office) 99, 148
Azores 209
Baal (except B. Hammon and B. Shamim) 23, 77, 94–6, 98, 100, 194
Baal Hammon 53, 77, 94–5, 98–9, 100, 102–3, 147, 167, 194, 196, 220
Baal Shamim 77, 94–5, 98, 194
Baalshillek (ossuary of) 118
Baalsillek (freed slave) 69
Babylonians 1, 55
Baebelo (silver mine, Spain) 195
Baecula (battle) 203
Bagradas (Mejerda, river) 13, 15, 65, 142–3, 150, 191, 204, 213, 217
Balearic Islands mercenaries 156–7, 162
Barca (Elissa’s brother) 20
Barca:
see Hamilcar Barca
Barcid family 33,-4, 37–8, 57, 98, 121, 144, 158, 163, 193, 195, 197–8, 202, 204, 207–8
basileus, basileis 25–8, 51
Belus (Elissa’s father) 20
Belvédère, Parcu du (Tunis) 192
Bithyas (Bitias?;
Numidian officer in 148) 210, 218
Bithynia 211
Bitias (in Elissa legend) 10
Boethus the Carthaginian (sculptor) 112–13
Bomilcar (general and putschist, 310–308) 76, 86–7, 140–1, 153, 155, 173–4
Bomilcar (in Second Punic War) 34
books, Carthaginian 66, 105–6, 108
Borj-el-Jedid 12, 15, 105, 117
bribery at Carthage 32–3, 168, 222
Bruttians, Bruttium 201–2, 204, 206
Bulla (western Libya) 65, 143, 204, 213
Byblos 1–2
Byrsa (hill and citadel) 7–15, 28, 36, 73, 75–7, 81, 83–8, 96, 108, 111, 113, 130, 208, 219
Byzacium 39, 63, 65–6, 142–4, 147, 161, 192
Caere (Etruria) 43–4
Caesar, Julius 39, 126, 220
Camarina (Sicily) 163, 165, 167, 185, 188
Campania 60, 157, 176, 179–81, 190, 201–2, 209, 222
Cannae (battle) 29, 157, 159, 199–201, 204–5
Cape Bon 13–15, 18, 39, 44, 64, 67, 71, 83, 90, 143, 147, 155, 173, 185–6, 217
Cape Farina 15, 44–5, 178–9
Capua (Campania) 201–3
Carales (Cagliari) 4, 46, 169
carbon-14 dating 7, 9
Carchedon (Greek name for Carthage) 6
Carthalo (general in 250–249) 187–8
Carthalo (Hannibal’s officer) 201, 211
Carthalo (high priest) 101, 125–7
Carthalo (politician in 150s) 213–14
Cassiterides islands 3, 50, 54–5
Cassius Dio:
see Dio
Cassius Dionysius of Utica 66, 70
Catadas river (Mellane) 13, 65, 77, 185
Cato the Censor 26, 64, 67, 215–16, 222
Catulus, Gaius Lutatius 189
cavalry 16, 110–11, 147, 149, 154–9, 161, 164, 167, 171, 186, 191, 195, 197–8, 200, 203–4
Cereres (Demeter and Kore) 220
Chanani (Kn’nm) 220
chariots, war 154, 156, 162, 171
child sacrifice, reports and allegations 82, 100–5, 174
choma (quay, Falbe’s quadrilateral) 92
chora (Carthage’s home territory) 63–5, 69, 71, 173, 199, 210, 221
Cinyps (river) 40
Cirta (Numidia) 42, 62, 105, 147, 212, 214, 217
Cisalpine Gaul (northern Italy) 198
citadel (Carthage):
see Byrsa
Citium (Cyprus) 4, 9
citizens of Carthage 17, 20–3, 25, 29, 36–9, 63, 65, 69–70, 75, 86, 130, 132–3, 136, 138–41, 143, 150, 154–5, 157, 167, 171, 191, 196, 207, 210, 217–19, 221
Claudius Nero, Gaius (consul) 203
Claudius, Appius (consul) 182–4
Cleitarchus 100
Cleitomachus:
see Hasdrubal Cleitomachus
Clupea (Aspis, Kelibia) 18, 80, 185–6, 217
coinage, coins 2–3, 11, 25, 57, 62, 68, 92, 98, 112, 120–1, 123, 143, 191, 195, 207, 209
Colaeus of Samos (mariner) 43, 55
Columella (agricultural writer) 65–6
Concessa (at Nicivibus) 103
Constantine (emperor) 127
consuls 28, 33, 130, 181–5, 187–9, 203, 208, 216–18
copper trade 1, 4, 120
Corcyra (Corfù) 176
Cornwall 3, 55
Corsica 43, 46, 60, 112, 157, 165, 184
corvus (‘raven’, naval weapon) 184–5, 187
Cothon (artificial ports at Carthage) 90, 92–3, 218–19
council, ‘more sacred’ 30–1
Crimisus (Belice:
river and battle) 138, 154, 156, 171
Cronus (Baal Hammon?) 53, 98–101
Croton (Italy) 106, 176
crucifixion (of Carthaginian traitors) 35–6, 127–8, 137–8, 184
curse on Carthage (Scipio Aemilianus’) 219–20
Curtius Rufus (historian) 101–2
Cyprus 1–2, 4, 7–9, 11, 196
Cyrene 18, 40, 174, 212
Cyrus the Great 46, 126
Darius 57
deditio in fidem (unconditional surrender) 216
Demeter and Kore 78, 96, 110, 112–13, 115, 123, 147, 168, 220
democracy, ‘democrats’ (at Carthage) 25, 29, 37, 213–14, 221
Dermech 81
Dido:
see Elissa
Dio (Cassius Dio) 135, 182
Diodorus 17, 27, 29–30, 34, 41, 47–8, 60, 62, 64, 69, 86–7, 98, 100–2, 104, 106, 131–2, 135–6, 140–1, 145, 151–2, 154–7, 166, 169, 171, 173–4, 176, 178–9, 194–6, 221
Diogenes (Carthaginian general in 147) 218
Dion (Syracusan liberator) 134, 136, 158, 170
Dionysius I (tyrant of Syracuse) 33, 134–6, 151–2, 167–72, 175, 182, 219
Dionysius II (Syracuse) 134, 170–1, 177
Dionysus 98, 113
docks, dockyards at Carthage 67, 73, 90–1, 93, 113, 151, 169–70
Dorieus of Sparta 40, 48–9, 56, 163–4
Douimès 10–12, 15, 108, 110
Drepana (Trápani) 170, 177, 187–9