The Carthaginians
Page 33
Duero (river, Spain) 198
Duillius, Gaius 184
dye trade 3, 13, 60
Ebro (river) 197–8
Ebusus island (Ibiza) 4, 41, 50, 54, 56, 59–60, 110, 120
Egypt 1–2, 17, 40, 77, 97, 108, 111, 116, 119–20, 130–1, 139, 141, 172, 186–7, 196, 222
elephants, war 42, 88, 162–3, 185–7, 191, 195, 198, 206
El-Haouaria quarries (Cape Bon) 18, 90
Elissa (Dido) 7–12, 15–17, 20, 23–4, 107, 121, 123, 125, 164
Elymi (Sicilian people) 47–8
Emporia (region, gulf of Sirte) 39–42, 45, 5, 65, 79, 163, 212–13
Enna (Sicily) 167, 185
Entella (Sicily) 179, 190
Ephorus (historian) 156
Epicydes (Syracusan-Carthaginian activist) 161, 201
epikrateia (Carthaginian territories in Sicily) 49, 164–7, 173, 176–7, 179, 182–3, 186–7
Eryx, Mt (Erice, Sicily) 152, 170, 177, 188–9
Eshmun (and temple) 28, 87, 98–9, 130, 219
Eshmuniaton (‘Suniatus’, 4th Century) 134–7, 170
Etruria, Etruscans 3, 43–6, 54, 57, 63, 75, 132, 156, 165, 179–80
Euboea 43, 49
Eudoxus (historian) 6
Euripides 6
Fabian family (Rome) 98
Fabius Maximus, Quintus (‘the Delayer’) 201–3, 211
Fabius Pictor, Quintus (historian) 193, 196
Fair Cape (Cape Bon or Cape Farina) 44–5, 178
Falbe’s quadrilateral (Carthage) 92, 218
fleet and navy, Carthaginian 10, 34, 36, 41, 52, 56, 72, 90–3, 129, 134, 149–53, 155, 173, 175, 177, 181–3, 185–90, 195, 199–200, 202, 205–6, 209, 214, 218
fleets and navies, foreign 56
(Etruscan), 92, 150, 155, 184–8, 189, 202, 218
(Roman), 168, 170, 176
(Syracusan)
foundries at Carthage 13, 15, 67–8, 73
Gades 3–6, 32, 50–1, 53, 60, 98, 194–5, 199, 222
Gammarth (Cape) 12, 75–6, 85, 88
garum (fish-sauce) 60–1, 221
Gaul, Gauls 43, 60, 126, 157, 161–2, 197–200
Gela (Sicily) 163, 167, 173, 175–6
Gelon of Syracuse 49, 57, 73, 132, 163–5
generals, Carthaginian 17, 27, 29, 32–4, 36, 38, 46, 49, 52, 76, 83, 87, 101, 125, 128, 131, 134, 139–40, 144, 152, 155–6, 161, 168–9, 171, 176, 181, 187–91, 196, 198–200, 202, 206, 210, 217–19
gerousia (Carthaginian senate) 25, 28, 30;
see also senate of Carthage
Gibraltar, straits of 3, 41, 43, 45, 52–4
Gisco (Magonid, 4th Century) 137–8, 140–1, 154, 156, 166, 171–3
Gisco (Magonid, 5th Century) 131–3, 165, 170
gold trade 11, 51, 60, 132
‘Gorillas’ 52–3
Great Plains (western Libya) 143, 204, 213
Gry the fuller 69
Guadalquivir (river, Spain) 50, 194
gugga (joke term for merchant?) 62
Gulussa (son of Masinissa) 209, 214
Gunzuzi (Libyan region) 143–4
Hadrumetum (Sousse) 65, 116–17, 142, 144, 146, 173, 204, 216, 221
Halycus, river (Platani) 169, 171, 175–7, 201
Hamilcar (general in 250s) 185–7
Hamilcar (general in 341) 171
Hamilcar (general in 320s–310s) 139–40, 172–3
Hamilcar (general, son of Gisco) 140, 156, 173, 175, 192, 203
Hamilcar (magistrate of pagus Gurzensis, 12 bc) 221
Hamilcar (Magonid, died 480) 17, 24–7, 33, 42–3, 47–9. 52, 56, 63, 101–2, 112, 127–8, 130–2, 157, 164–6,
Hamilcar (secret agent at Alexander’s court) 139, 172
Hamilcar ‘the Samnite’ (politician in 150s) 213–14
Hamilcar (writer on agriculture) 65–6, 105
Hamilcar Barca 16, 22, 24, 142, 157, 159, 161, 163, 188–97, 214, 222
Hammamet, gulf of 18, 21, 79, 143, 196
Hannibal (general in First Punic War) 181, 183–4
Hannibal (son of Gisco, Magonid) 27, 106, 132–3, 135, 156–7, 166–7, 169
Hannibal (son of Hamilcar Barca) 16–17, 20–1, 23–4, 29–30, 32–4, 36–8, 63, 66, 83, 92, 94–6, 98–9, 101, 106–7, 121, 125, 130, 132, 144, 151, 154–5, 157–9, 161, 163, 193–208, 210–11, 215–16, 221–2
Hannibal (trierarch in 250) 34
Hannibal ‘the Rhodian’ (in First Punic War) 153
Hannibal ‘the Starling’ (politician, 2nd Century) 213
Hannibal quarter (quartier Hannibal), Carthage 83–5, 111, 113, 208
Hanno (admiral in 241) 35–6, 189
Hanno (general in 310) 140–1, 173
Hanno (general in 307) 141, 174
Hanno (general in 264–262) 181, 183
Hanno (general in 213–211) 161
Hanno (Hannibal’s nephew and lieutenant) 161, 202
Hanno (in Poenulus) 61–2, 209
Hanno (Magonid, 5th Century) 106, 135,
Hanno (officer at Messana in 264) 159, 189
Hanno (sufete and chief priest) 32
Hanno (sufete and voyager) 50–5, 59–60, 98, 105, 107, 125, 132;
see also periplus
Hanno ‘the Great’ (4th Century) 22, 70–1, 134–8, 140–2, 169–71
Hanno ‘the Great’ (3rd Century) 30, 34, 135, 142, 144, 188–93, 207
Hanno ‘the Great’ (2nd Century) 135, 213–14
Hannobaal (freed slave?) 21, 68–9
harbours at Carthage 15, 67, 75, 88, 91–2, 94, 202
Hasdrubal (Carthaginian general 151–146) 17, 29, 214, 217–19
Hasdrubal (Carthaginian general in 250s) 187
Hasdrubal (Carthaginian general in 310) 185
Hasdrubal (Carthaginian general in 341) 171
Hasdrubal (Carthaginian general, grandson of Masinissa) 17, 148, 210, 217
Hasdrubal (Hannibal’s brother) 24, 34, 196–7, 199–200, 203–5
Hasdrubal (Hannibal’s brotherin-law) 33–4, 38, 193, 195–7
Hasdrubal (Magonid) 24, 47–8, 56, 128, 130–1
Hasdrubal (son of Gisco, general in Second Punic War) 203–4
Hasdrubal ‘the Kid’ (politician) 207
Hasdrubal Cleitomachus (philosopher) 211–12, 220
Hera 94, 98–9, 211
Heraclea Minoa (Sicily) 158, 170, 185, 187
Heracles, Hercules 5, 7, 48, 94, 98–9, 120–1, 123, 125
Hermocrates of Syracuse 59, 166
Herodotus 2, 24, 27–8, 46, 48, 51, 54–7, 59–60, 101, 128, 144, 164, 222
Hicetas (4th Century) 171
Hicetas (3rd Century) 176
Hiempsal II (king of Numidia, 1st Century) 105
Hiero (king of Syracuse, 3rd Century) 177, 181–3, 187, 189, 192, 201
Hieron (tyrant of Syracuse, 5th Century) 132
Himera (Sicily) 17, 43, 46–7, 52, 57, 73, 101–2, 126, 128, 130–3, 144, 156, 164, 167, 169–70
Himilco (general in 307) 141, 174
Himilco (Iomilkos, in 279) 28
Himilco (Magonid, active 410–396) 27, 33–4, 101, 106, 132–5, 145, 150, 154, 150, 167–9
Himilco (voyager) 54–5, 59, 105
Himilco Phameas (officer, 2nd Century) 210
Hippacra (Bizerte) 4, 9, 13, 40, 65, 141–2, 144, 150, 161, 174, 191–2, 21–18
Hippocrates 161, 201
Hiram (king of Tyre) 3–4
Hittites 1–2
Horoscopa (in Libya:
Thubursicu?) 214
hostages 164, 217, 220
Hundred and Four, Court of 35–6, 38, 133–4, 136, 140, 207
Iberian mercenaries 157
Ilipa (battle) 157, 162, 203
Illyria 197, 201–2, 205
Îlot de l’Amirauté (Carthage) 73, 87, 90–1
iron trade 3, 11, 60
Isis 97, 107, 111, 119, 121, 147
Isocrates 25, 33
ivory 3, 42–3, 50, 108–9, 113, 120
Jersualem 3,
81, 100–1
Josephus 4, 8
judges 27, 32, 36
judges, order of (faction, 2nd Century) 32, 207–8
Jugurtha (king of Numidia) 17, 147
Julius Nasif (military poet, 4th Century ad) 106
Juno 44, 53, 95, 98, 220
Junon (hill) 12, 81
Jupiter 8–9, 24, 98–9, 222
Justin 5, 7–12, 16–18, 24–5, 28, 35, 39, 42, 46–51, 56, 62–3, 71, 101–2, 106, 125–37, 139–41, 164
Kerkouane 14, 18, 39, 67. 74. 80, 82–3, 85, 87, 95–6, 99, 111, 113, 146, 159, 162
kings and monarchy at Carthage 24–5, 27–8, 33
Kn’nm (Chanani) 1, 220
kyrious Karchedonious 21
La Marsa 75
Lacinium, Cape (Capo Colonna, Italy) 98, 211
lagoons area at Carthage 14–15, 73, 75, 81, 86–7, 89–90, 93, 196
lake of Tunis 13–15, 67, 75–6, 89–90, 93, 151
Latium (Italy) 44–5, 178–80
lead trade 3, 55
Lepcis Magna 4–5, 11, 39–41, 45, 105–6, 150, 163, 199, 213
Leptis (Minor;
Lamta) 217
libri Punici (‘Punic books’) 105
Libyon (coin-legend) 123, 191
Libyphoenicians 17, 63, 69, 146, 150, 155, 157, 210, 215, 218
Liguria, Ligurians 157, 204
Lilybaeum (Marsala) 61, 150, 161, 168, 170, 177, 180, 187, 189, 196
Lipara (Islands) 181, 187
Livy 10, 17, 23–4, 26, 28, 30–2, 87, 98–9, 135, 157, 180, 200–1, 205, 207–8, 212–14, 221
Lixus 3–5, 50–2
Lucania, Lucanians 201–2
Macedon (kingdom) 21, 94, 112, 199, 201–2
Mactar (Libya) 106–7, 142–3, 189, 191
Mago (admiral in 279) 177
Mago (explorer) 42
Mago (general 344/343) 35, 154, 156, 158, 171,
Mago (general 390s–380s) 27, 33–4, 134, 168–9,
Mago (Hannibal’s brother) 24, 197, 199, 204, 206
Mago (ruler of Carthage) 22, 24, 47–8, 55–7, 125, 128–31,
Mago (writer on agriculture) 65–6, 70–1, 124,
Mago ‘the Samnite’ 159
Magonid family 23–5, 35, 47, 52, 98, 128–33, 135, 157, 163–8, 193
Maharbal (officer of Hannibal) 159, 197, 200
Malaca (Málaga, Spain) 4, 50, 195
‘Malchus’ 19, 26, 36, 46, 124–5, 127;
see also Mazeus
Mamertines of Messana 176–7, 181–3
Manilius (consul in 149) 216
Marcellus, Marcus Claudius 202–3
Marcius Censorinus (consul in 149) 216
Marsala (Lilybaeum) 61, 150–1
Marseilles Tariff 22
Masaesyli (Numidian people) 147, 204
Masinissa (king of Numidia) 17, 99, 105, 143, 146–8, 161, 203–5, 207–10, 212–15, 217–18, 220
Massyli (Numidian people) 147–8, 191, 195, 204, 210, 213
Mastia Tarseion (Spain) 178, 195–6
Mathos (Libyan rebel leader) 131, 190–2, 200
Mauretania, Mauri 3, 16, 42, 51–2, 105, 131–2, 137, 143, 157
mausolea (in Libya) 78–80, 100, 113, 116
Maxula (near Carthage) 15–16
Mazeus (‘Malchus’) 46–8, 55–7, 101–2, 124–30, 133, 135, 189
Megara (M‘rt, suburb of Carthage) 13, 16, 75–6, 81, 85–6, 88, 141, 163, 210, 217–18
Mejerda (river):
see Bagradas
Méjerda, Monts de la 142–3, 150
Mellane:
see Catadas
Melqart 5, 7, 9, 12, 23, 56, 77, 94–5, 98–9, 102, 111, 120–1, 123, 125–7, 139, 148, 222
Menander of Ephesus (writer) 4, 6–8
Meninx (Jerba, island) 65
mercenaries 33, 56, 72, 120, 141, 149, 153–8, 161–3, 171, 176, 186, 188, 190–1, 194, 198, 209, 222
Messana 17, 35, 159, 164, 168, 173, 176, 180–3, 189, 190, 198
Metaurus (battle) 203
Metellus, Lucius Caecilius 187
Micatani (Numidian people) 195
Micipsa (king of Numidia) 147, 212
Milkpilles 107
Milkyaton (various) 21, 24, 69, 78, 97, 115, 147
mines 1, 55, 195, 207
mlk, mlk ’dm, mlk ’mr, mlk b‘l 102–3
Mogod (mountains) 142, 150
molchomor 103
molk:
see mlk Monte Sirai (Sardinia) 45–6
Mottones (later Marcus Valerius Mottones;
cavalry officer) 161, 203
Motya (Sicily) 4, 48, 57, 77 100, 102, 112, 167–8, 170, 219
Muluccha river 143
Muthul river 65
Muxsi (region) 143–4
Mylae (Sicily) 184
mzrh (mizreh) 22, 106
Naples 3, 12, 17, 132, 165
Naravas (Nrwt:
Numidian prince) 161, 191, 193, 195, 203
navy:
see fleet and navy
Neapolis (Nabeul, Tunisia) 18, 39, 173, 196
necropolis, necropoleis 14, 75, 80–1, 102, 108, 110, 117–18
Nepheris 217–18
Nepos, Cornelius (writer) 26, 98, 195, 204
New Carthage (Cartagena) 21, 98, 178, 195, 203
New City (district of Carthage) 76, 88, 196, 210
‘New City’ (name) 4, 11, 17–18, 76, 88, 167, 176, 195–6, 210
New Gate (at Carthage) 38, 67–8, 75
Nicivibus (Ain N’gaous, Algeria) 103
Nobas son of ‘Axioubas’ 62
Nora (Sardinia) 4–5, 23, 37, 46, 95, 100, 147
oaths, Hannibal’s 94–5, 98–9, 222
Oea 39
Oestrymnides islands 54
Olbia (Sardinia) 4, 27, 45, 169
Old Testament 2–3, 100
olives 60–1, 64, 66, 75, 85–6, 207
One Hundred and Four:
see Hundred and Four
Orosius (historian) 46, 48, 125–7, 214
ossuaries 117–18
Paday (Pidia, Pdy) 10;
see also Bitias
pagus, pagi 143–4, 147, 213, 221
Panormus (Palermo) 4, 47–8, 120, 164, 169, 177, 185–8
pavimentum Punicum (tessellated mosaics) 221
pentarchies 27, 31, 35–6, 68, 87, 131–2
Pentathlus of Cnidus 47, 163
penteconter 52, 56, 60, 129, 151–2
periplus 41
(of Pseudo-Scylax), 50–4, 98, 105, 107, 125, 132
(Hanno’s) Persia 43, 46, 55–7, 139, 162, 164, 174, 222
Peter the Great (tsar) 127
pharaohs 1, 120, 131, 139
Pharusii (Mauretanian tribe) 42
Philaenus, Philaeni brothers 40, 45, 105, 139
Philinus of Acragas 107, 180–1, 211
Philip V (king of Macedon) 21, 94, 201–2, 207, 211
Philistus 6
Phintias (Licata, Sicily) 176, 188
Phintias (tyrant of Acragas) 176
Phocaeans 43, 46–7, 54–6, 60, 112, 151, 153, 163
Phoenicia, Phoenicians 1–5, 10–11, 12, 16–17, 48–9, 95, 105, 147, 153, 196
Pithecusae (Ischia) 3, 12, 49
Plato 26, 100, 107, 211, 222
Plautus (playwright) 61–2, 209, 222
Pliny the Elder 5–6, 53–5, 65–6, 105, 136, 195
plostellum Punicum (threshingcart) 221
Plutarch 100, 102, 106, 221
Poeni 1
Poenulus (comedy) 61–2, 209
Polyaenus 131, 134–5, 169
Polybius 18, 21, 27, 29, 32, 34, 37, 40, 44–5, 59, 63–4, 71–2, 75, 91, 94, 106, 144–5, 149, 154–5, 157–8, 178–80, 184–5, 188m 190, 192, 194, 198–9, 205, 209, 212, 215, 218–19, 221–2
Ponim 1
population 11, 17, 42, 55, 63, 67, 70, 72, 75, 85, 143, 145–6, 170, 199, 210
ports, artificial (Carthage) 73, 77, 86–7, 89–93, 150–1, 202, 209, 218
pottery 4, 7, 9, 12, 14, 41, 43, 45, 4
9, 60, 62, 68, 73–4, 79, 81, 83, 91–2, 95, 112, 209
praetor 28, 33, 189
priests, priesthoods 9, 22, 24, 32, 78, 85, 96, 99, 119, 126, 131–2
Ptolemies of Egypt 119, 139, 141, 172, 187
puinel (‘Carthaginian’) 43
Pumay 5, 8–9, 23–4, 95, 211
Pumayyaton 8–9
Pygmalion 6–8, 10, 13, 23
Pyrenees 197, 200
Pyrgi (Etruria) 44, 168
Pyrrhus (king of Epirus) 153, 162, 176–7, 179–81, 200
Qart-hadasht (city-name) 4, 6, 9, 18, 21, 120, 123, 196
quadrireme 152
quaestor (at Carthage and Gades) 32, 207;
see also rb, rab
quinquereme 56, 91, 150–3, 167, 184, 189, 195, 205, 216
rb, rab (offices and title) 27, 31–6, 99, 106, 134–5, 207
rebellions and revolts, Libyan 33, 38. 42, 47, 65, 71–2, 76, 88, 96, 106, 131, 134, 145–6, 154, 158, 161, 168, 173, 179, 185, 190, 212
Regulus, Marcus Atilius 29, 71, 161, 163, 185–7, 206
Reshef 5, 77, 95, 98–9, 219
Rhegium (Reggio) 17, 164–5, 172, 180–1, 183
Rhodes 60, 211
Río Tinto (Spain) 50, 195
Rususmon (Cape Farina) 15
Sabratha 39, 42, 78
Sacred Battalion (hieros lochos) 154, 156, 158, 173
Safot (various) 21, 24, 68–9, 78
Saguntum (Spain) 197–8
Sainte Monique (Carthage) 12, 43, 87, 117–18
Sallust 5, 39–40, 105
Salombaal (Salammbô) 24
salt on Carthage (legend) 220
Samnites (central Italy) 159, 180, 201–2
Sardinia, Sardinians 4–5. 13, 17–18, 26–7, 29, 33, 44–8, 50, 54, 56, 59, 70, 77–8, 82, 95, 104, 120, 125–6, 129–30, 153, 157, 169, 178–9, 183–4, 191, 193–4, 196–7, 221
Saturn (Baal Hammon) 98, 103, 220
Savage, Thomas 53
Saw, the (Prion) 192, 214
Scipio Aemilianus, Publius Cornelius 95, 148, 211, 214–15, 218–20
Scipio Africanus, Publius Cornelius 21, 30, 71–2, 150, 155, 157, 162–3, 192, 203–8, 211
Scipio Nasica 215–16
Segesta (Sicily) 48–9, 112, 165–6, 183–4
Selinus (Sicily) 47–8, 132, 158, 164–7, 171
Semiramis (legendary queen of Assyria) 10
senate of Carthage (’drm, adirim) 22, 24–30, 35, 37, 72, 87, 124, 136–7, 139–41, 219
senate-house (bouleuterion) 86–7, 141, 219
shellfish 2, 13, 60
shops, workshops at Carthage 13–14, 67, 82–3, 85, 217
Sicca 142, 144, 189–90, 204
Sicharbas:
see Zakarbaal
Sidi bou Said 12, 75, 111