The Storm of War: A New History of the Second World War

by Andrew Roberts

  Blitzkrieg tactics 15, 17, 19, 21, 25, 47, 57, 154, 205, 418, 597

  Blokhin, Vasily 25

  Blomberg, Field Marshal Werner von 1, 2, 3, 5, 11, 18, 194; forcibly retired 6–7, 75, 143

  Blondi (Hitler’s Alsatian) 559

  Blood Purge (Night of the Long Knives) 1, 16, 242

  Bloody Ridge, battle of (1942) 259

  Blücher (cruiser) 41

  Blue, Operation 315–18

  Blumentritt, General Günther 90, 141, 462–3, 473, 479, 497, 584, 593, 597, 600

  Bobruysk 533

  Bock, Colonel-General Fedor von: created field marshal 75; invasion of Poland 18, 21;

  invasion of USSR 139, 151, 153, 162, 166–7, 168–70, 316, 599;

  relations with Hitler 169–70;

  sacked 316, 411

  Bode, Captain Howard D. 258

  Bohemia 9, 242

  Böhlen 435, 436

  Bolero, Operation 466

  Bolshevism: Hitler’s loathing of 10, 148, 150; mythical Jewish–Bolshevik conspiracy 219, 227, 249, 509, 547;

  and nationalism 163–4;

  Stalin and 29–30

  Bône 307

  Bongyaung 262

  booby-traps 31, 266, 280, 292–3

  Boot, Das (film) 373

  Bór-Kormowski, General Tadeusz 536, 537, 538

  Bordeaux 62, 78

  Bormann, Martin 136, 146, 177, 221–2, 360, 363, 482, 583

  Borneo 209, 213, 570

  Borodino 171, 416

  Bose, Subhas Chandra 206, 269

  Bosnia 125

  Bosquet, René 78

  Boulogne 52, 63–4

  bouncing (Upkeep) bombs 441

  Bradley, General Omar: and Allied advance into Germany 498, 499, 514, 550;

  and Ardennes Offensive 504, 506, 507, 508–9;

  character 305, 377;

  Italian campaign 377;

  and liberation of Paris 490;

  Normandy campaign 378, 467, 475, 476, 486, 487;

  North African campaigns 312, 314;

  relations with British 508–9, 602

  Brandenberger, General Erich 506

  Brauchitsch, Field Marshal Walther von: created field marshal 75; Great War service 20;

  invasion of France 60, 63, 600;

  invasion of USSR 141, 169, 180;

  relations with Hitler 328, 590, 600;

  support for Mediterranean strategy 149;

  and war crimes 493

  Braun, Eva 446, 558–9, 560, 562–3

  Braun, Werner von 574

  Braunau 559

  Bravado, Operation 469

  Brazil 385

  Breda 53, 55, 58, 76

  Brereton, Major-General Lewis H. 208

  Breslau 542–3

  Brest 72, 73, 358, 363, 440, 468, 592

  Brest-Litovsk 26

  Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918) 148, 600

  Brevity, Operation 281

  Briare 71

  Bridgeman, Robert, 2nd Viscount 60

  Briggs, Major-General Raymond 291

  Bristol 91, 102

  Bristow, Tom 67

  Britain: American aid 87, 89, 112, 194; Anglo-German Naval Agreement (1935) 9;

  Blitz 100–104, 105, 106, 108, 110, 430, 576;

  conscription introduced 9, 109;

  declaration of war on Germany 22;

  declaration of war on Japan 199;

  economy 109–10, 111–12;

  Home Front 109–112, 117–18;

  imports 351–2, 374;

  Jewish emigration to 221;

  planned invasion of 44, 69, 87, 88, 90–91, 92, 100, 108, 118;

  possibility of peace negotiations with Germany 68–9, 89, 92, 602;

  public morale 103–5, 108, 118, 458, 517;

  total civilian losses 603;

  V-1 and V-2 attacks on 110, 485, 498, 514–19

  Britain, battle of (1940) 70, 93–101, 102, 105–9, 156, 351, 587, 600, 602

  British Army: failings of 602–3; losses 300, 376, 603;

  rations for 51, 500;

  relations with Navy 42; see also BEF; individual field armies, divisions and regiments

  British Empire/Commonwealth: contribution to war effort 87, 107, 269, 290, 300, 603;

  dissolution of Empire 561, 579, 604;

  endurance of Commonwealth 579;

  Hitler’s admiration for 5, 90, 275

  British Expeditionary Force see BEF

  Brittain, Vera 90

  Brittany 477, 487, 489

  Broadhurst, Air Chief Marshal (Sir) Harry 467

  Broadway, HMS 350

  Broich, Lieutenant-General Fritz von 495

  Brook, Norman (later 1st Baron Normanbrook) 557

  Brooke, Field Marshal Sir Alan (later 1st Viscount Alanbrooke): and Allied advance into Germany 499, 514; and Allied bombing of Germany 437–8, 440;

  appointed chief of Imperial General Staff 132, 142;

  background and character 302;

  with BEF 55, 65, 72;

  on the Great War 603;

  and Italian campaign 376, 400;

  and North African campaign 132, 281, 295–6;

  opposition to early invasion of France 302, 318;

  and Overlord (Allied Normandy landings) 466, 485, 606;

  relations with Americans 302, 303, 498;

  relations with Churchill 594;

  Yalta Conference (1945) 454

  Brown, Tommy (NAAFI assistant) 368, 369

  Browning, Christopher 225

  Browning, Lieutenant-General F. A. M. ‘Boy’ 502

  Brownshirts (Sturmabteilung; SA) 1, 28

  Bruges 60

  Bruhn, Major-General Johannes 495

  Brunei 565

  Bruns, Major-General Walther 496–7

  Brussels 56, 499

  Bryansk 171

  Bryansk Front 421

  Bucharest 539

  Buchenwald concentration camp 115

  Bucknall, Lieutenant-General G. C. 467

  Buckner, Lieutenant-General Simon Bolivar 569, 572

  Budapest 539, 541

  Budenny, General Semyon 154

  Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment) 579

  Bug, River 154, 529, 530, 534

  Bulgaria 521, 540, 561

  Bulge, battle of the (1944–5) 505–10, 512, 530, 545; see also Ardennes Offensive

  Bulldog, HMS 350

  Bureau of Yards and Construction (United States) 469

  Burgis, Lawrence 123, 309, 397

  Burma: Allied reconquest 274, 567–8, 603; Chindit expeditions 260–67;

  fall of 210, 211–13, 268;

  Japanese occupation 201;

  and Japanese U-Go offensive 269–70, 274, 568;

  nationalists 117, 211;

  oilfields 186, 211;

  SOE operations in 117

  Burma Road 210–11, 212, 269, 567

  Busch, Field Marshal Ernst 75, 533, 595

  Busse, General Theodor 553

  Butcher, Harry 312

  Bydgoszcz 17, 28, 29

  Byrnes, James F. 198

  Bzura river 24

  Cactus, Operation 257–8

  Cadogan, Sir Alexander ‘Alec’ 484

  Caen 246, 470–71, 472, 476, 478, 486

  Caesar Line 400

  Cairo 134, 261, 281, 285–6, 300, 588

  Calais 52, 64, 463, 595

  California 185, 187, 191, 200, 204, 213

  Calvert, Brigadier Michael 262, 265, 266

  Cambrai 61

  Cambridgeshire, HMT 72

  Camino, Mount 385, 386

  Camm, Sydney 96

  Campbell, Major-General Jock 133

  Campo di Carne 398

  Campoleone 394, 395, 396–7

  Canada: air force 454; contribution to war effort 454;

  navy 358, 366, 367;

  possibility of withdrawing British forces to 88–9;

  servicemen in Allied forces 107, 290, 318, 319, 447, 454, 475, 477;

  9th Canadian Infantry Brigade 476;<
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  Canadian First Army 468, 486, 499

  Canaris, Admiral Wilhelm 18, 196, 241, 581

  Canberra, HMAS 258

  cannibalism 172

  Cape of Good Hope 149, 285, 376

  Cape Hanko 29

  Cape Matapan, battle of (1941) 351

  Cape San Augustin 567

  Caporetto, battle of (1917) 59

  Carentan 478

  Carlyle, Thomas, Frederick the Great 562

  Carpathian mountains 16, 17, 542

  Carter, Leading Seaman C. G. ‘Nick’ 43

  Carton de Wiart, Major-General Sir Adrian 42

  Carver, Field Marshal Michael (later Baron Carver) 122, 132, 133–4, 291, 297–8, 299, 300, 303, 304, 411

  Casablanca 30, 306, 308, 311

  Casablanca Conference (1943) 309–10, 369, 375, 439–40, 606

  Casey, Richard 417, 453

  Caspian Sea 315, 319, 320, 588

  Cassino 376, 386–7, 388; see also Monte Cassino, battles of

  Catania 376

  Catholic Church 78, 85, 90, 390–91; see also Vatican

  Caucasus: German plans to capture 285, 316–17, 319, 337, 588–9, 593–4; oilfields 154, 316, 319;

  Russian securing of 523

  Cavalry Corps (French) 55, 59

  Cazalet, Victor 417

  CBO (Allied Combined Bomber Offensive) 439–40, 442, 454, 457–9, 528, 533, 600

  censorship; Britain 35, 108, 436–7; Eire 115

  Central Front (German) 542

  Central Front (Russian) 412, 414, 418

  Cesarani, David 585

  Ceylon 195, 276, 437

  Chamberlain, Houston Stewart 220

  Chamberlain, Neville: declares war on Germany 22; fall of government 41, 45, 58;

  and German invasion of Poland 19;

  government of 22, 94, 109–10, 115, 431;

  Munich Agreement (1938) 8, 9, 45, 605;

  in War Cabinet 69

  Channel Islands 82, 500

  Charles XII, King of Sweden 137, 180

  Charleville-Mézières 62

  Charlottesville, Virginia 87

  Chartres 82

  Chasseurs Alpins 43

  Château du Muguet 70–71

  Chaudoir, Elvira 470

  Chekhov, Anatoly 325

  Chełmno 223

  Chemnitz 454

  Chennault, Major-General Claire 268

  Cherbourg 72, 104, 464, 468, 478, 485–6, 499

  Chernova, Tanya 326

  Chernyakovsky, General Ivan 542

  Cherwell, Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount 453

  Chetniks 125, 383

  Chiang Kai-shek 187, 190, 211, 212, 257, 268–9, 382

  Chicago, USS 258

  Chiefs of Staff Committee (British) 129, 328

  China: American aid 212, 268; atrocities in 268, 274–5;

  and Burma campaign 212;

  Churchill’s support for 257;

  Communists 268;

  Kuomintang Nationalists 187, 268–9;

  post-war 579;

  Sino-Japanese War 186, 187, 210–11, 267–9;

  total casualties 267

  China Air Task Force (USAAF Fourteenth Air Force) 268

  Chindits 260–67

  Chindwin river 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 270, 274, 567

  Chiusi 403

  Choltitz, General Dietrich von 489, 490, 492, 493, 495–6

  Christian X, King of Denmark 41

  Christison, Lieutenant-General Philip 269

  chromium 213, 352, 545

  Chrušciel, General Antoni 536

  Chuikov, General Vasily Ivanovich 321–2, 323, 326–7, 328–34, 337–8, 343–4, 559–60

  Chunking 268

  Churchill, Clementine, (later Baroness Spencer-Churchill) 213, 467

  Churchill, Lord Randolph 211

  Churchill, (Sir) Winston: and Allied advance into Germany 499–500, 514;

  and Allied bombing campaigns 436–7, 438, 440, 441, 453, 457;

  on Anglo-American alliance 199–200;

  on battle of Britain 109, 351;

  becomes prime minister 45–7, 57–8, 346;

  and Burma campaign 257, 260, 264;

  Casablanca Conference (1943) 309–10, 369, 375, 439–40, 606;

  character 45–6;

  and Crete campaign 127;

  and death of General Sikorski 417;

  declaration of war on Japan 199;

  on Dunkirk evacuation 68;

  on Eastern Front 427;

  and fall of Singapore 205, 207;

  first lord of the Admiralty 22, 45, 499;

  on food shortages 500;

  and German invasion of USSR 155;

  and Germany First policy 130, 214;

  and Great War 20, 46, 499;

  and Greek campaign 123;

  on Hitler’s Halt Order (May 1940) 60, 61;

  and Italian campaign 375, 382–3, 389, 393, 394, 395, 397–8, 399, 403;

  on July Plotters 482, 491;

  as military strategist 51, 605;

  on neutral countries 113;

  and North African campaigns 119, 131–2, 134, 281, 286, 288–9, 292, 295, 300–301, 303, 308–9, 314;

  offer of union with France 71;

  opposition to early invasion of France 318;

  opposition to peace negotiations with Germany 68–9;

  oratory 58, 68, 85, 109, 573;

  and Overlord (Allied Normandy landings) 461, 466, 485–6;

  and Pacific campaign 204, 257;

  Placentia Bay Conference (August 1941) 129–31, 364;

  plans for invasion of Norway 44;

  political career 46;

  and possible invasion of Britain 90;

  and punishment of German war crimes 557–8;

  Quebec Conference (‘Quadrant’; 1943) 264, 375;

  on Red Army 34;

  relations with Brooke 594;

  relations with Roosevelt 87, 89, 130, 303;

  relations with Stalin 546;

  support for USSR 434;

  suspension of habeas corpus 109;

  Teheran Conference (1943) 382–3, 403, 545;

  on U-boat war 346, 351, 352, 358, 360, 369–70;

  and V-1 and V-2 attacks 518;

  views on the French 77;

  views on Hitler 179, 314, 491, 501, 535, 559, 602;

  visits France (1940) 70–71;

  (1944) 485–6;

  visits bombsites 102;

  and war economy 111, 112;

  and Warsaw Uprising (1944) 536–7;

  Washington Conferences (1941–2) 134, 199, 214;

  Wilderness Years 46–7;

  Yalta Conference (1945) 538, 545;

  The Grand Alliance 199–200;

  ‘The Scaffolding of Rhetoric’ 46

  Ciano, Count Galeazzo 196–7, 376

  Cisterna 394, 395, 396, 399, 401

  Citadel, Operation see Zitadelle, Operation

  Clark, Alan 50, 419, 420, 524, 548, 591, 601

  Clark, Lloyd 398

  Clark, General Mark: character 305, 377, 385; Italian campaign 377, 378, 379, 380, 382, 384, 385, 388, 394, 395–6, 400–403, 404;

  North African campaign 305, 313

  Clausewitz, Carl von 167–8, 169, 283, 503, 543, 596

  Clothier, Second Lieutenant Neil N. 499

  Clyde, River 102, 361, 566

  coal 213, 598

  Cobra, Operation 486–7

  Cocteau, Jean 79

  code-breaking 99, 190, 252, 256, 346–51, 367–9, 372, 598; see also Bletchley Park; Enigma; Magic; Ultra

  Cold War 325, 330, 343, 604

  Colleville-sur-Mer 477

  Collins, Major-General Joseph Lawton 467, 478, 486

  Cologne 432, 438–9

  Colombo 201, 276

  Colossus II (computer) 372

  Colville, (Sir) John ‘Jock’ 89

  Combined Bomber Offensive (Allied; CBO) 439–40, 442, 454, 457–60, 528, 533, 600

  Combined Chiefs of Staff Committee (Anglo
-American) 302, 319, 440

  Combined Services Detailed Interrogation Centre (CSDIC; Trent Park) 492–7, 585

  Communist International, Third 5

  Como, Lake 405

  Compass, Operation 121

  Compiègne 74, 91

  concentration camps (Russian) 27

  concentration and extermination camps (German) 219, 222, 223–4, 495, 514; liberation of 245;

  operation of 228–38, 245;

  question of potential Allied bombing of 245–8;

  revolts in 232–3; see also Auschwitz-Birkenau; Bergen-Belsen; Buchenwald; Dachau; Sobibór; Stutthof; Theresianstadt; Treblinka

  Condor Legion 4

  Coningham, Air Vice-Marshal (Sir) Arthur 289

  conscription: Britain 9, 109; Germany 4;

  USSR 156–7

  Conservative Party 45

  Cooper, Alfred Duff (later 1st Viscount Norwich) 76

  copper 213, 351, 364, 545

  Coral Sea, battle of (1942) 251–2, 253

  Corap, General André 53, 56, 57, 59, 76, 77

  Corinth Canal 125

  Cork and Orrery, William Boyle, 12th Earl of 42

  Coronet, Operation 573

  Corregidor 208, 209

  Corrèze 479

  Corsica 309, 375, 376, 386

  COSSAC (Chief of Staff to Supreme Allied Commander) 461, 466

  Cossacks 26, 164

  Cotentin peninsula 467, 477

  Coulommiers 56

  Courageous, HMS 36

  Coventry 105, 430, 576

  Coventry, HMS 286

  Coward, (Sir) Noël 90–91

  Cramer, General Hans 284

  Crerar, Lieutenant-General Henry 468, 499

  Crete 123, 125–7, 134, 149, 587, 602

  Creti river 384

  Crimea: German advances in 176, 410; Hitler’s plans for 166–7, 521;

  Jews in 493, 495–6;

  Russian recapture of 316, 521, 532, 593

  Crimean Tatars 164

  Cripps, Sir Stafford 155, 557

  Croatia 125, 344

  Crocker, General (Sir) John 467

  Cromwell, Oliver 109

  Crossman, Richard 433

  Croydon 518

  Cruel Sea, The (Monsarrat) 115–16

  Crusader (Allied tank) 285

  Crusader, Operation 132–3

  Crusades 146

  Crutchley, Rear-Admiral Victor 258

  Crüwell, General Ludwig 493

  CSDIC (British Combined Services Detailed Interrogation Centre; Trent Park) 492–7, 585

  Cumberland, HMS 37

  Cunningham, General Sir Alan 121, 126, 283

  Cunningham, Admiral Sir Andrew (later Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope) 126–7, 351, 380, 451, 486

  Currie, Brigadier John 298, 303