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Acknowledgements
While this book has been in the making I have been helped by a large number of people, and it is a genuine pleasure to be able to thank them here. First and foremost the Wellcome Trust generously maintained my research throughout, and Bridget Ogilvie and Michael Dexter, past and present directors, have taken a special interest in all things Darwinian. More immediately, my colleagues in the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at University College London (formerly the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine) have provided wonderful support over a long period, in turn intellectual, professional, and personal, all that anyone could wish for from friends. Throughout, I have particularly appreciated the encouragement offered by Bill Bynum and Michael Neve, as well as advice from Hal Cook, Anne Hardy, Chris Lawrence, Vivian Nutton, the late Roy Porter, Cornelius O’Boyle, Tilli Tansey, and Andrew Wear. There could be no better place to work, no better interactions with colleagues. Sharon Messenger and Caroline Essex provided timely research assistance, and I thank them, and Gita Tailor and Sally Scovell, for their invaluable help. Alex Goldbloom kindly researched Punch on my behalf. The staff of the Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of Medicine generously offered their expertise, time, and patience over a long period, and I gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Eric Freeman, David Pearson, Wendy Fish, Sue Gold, Richard Aspin, Julia Sheppard, Lesley Hall, John Symons, William Schupbach, and other members of the library staff. I am also very grateful to Catherine Draycott and Chris Carter for their help with photographic requests.
The Provost and Fellows of King’s College Cambridge made me very welcome during a year’s Visiting Senior Research Fellowship in 1996–97, and I extend warmest thanks to Pat Bateson, John Barber, Hal Dixon, Peter Jones, Rob Foley, Ian Patterson, and George Pattison. Spending the year in Cambridge, so close to the archives, and in such a community, was a great privilege that I appreciated enormously. During the same year I served on an English Heritage panel for the restoration of Down House, which was both illuminating and fun, and encouraged me rethink the way I wanted to present Darwin in this biography. In this regard I particularly thank Angela Huxley and Stephen and Randal Keynes, whose zest for research was infectious. In more recent months, Adrian Desmond, Jim Moore, and I have written about Darwin as a trio for the New Dictionary of National Biography. I thank them for their friendship and biographical generosity.
My largest debt lies with Cambridge University Library, where Peter Fox, the University Librarian, and Patrick Zutschi, Adam Perkin, and Godfrey Waller do so much to help Darwin scholars. Their assistance has truly been invaluable. Nor could I have completed this work without the support of friends on the Darwin Corr
espondence Project, both past and present, especially Fred and Anne Burkhardt, Duncan Porter, and the late Sidney Smith. Their help is very warmly acknowledged, and it is a real pleasure to thank them, and the other members of the project, in public. The volumes of Correspondence and the finding aids they have produced make the Darwin collections in Cambridge one of the world’s finest historical resources. Alan Crowden of Cambridge University Press has been very supportive, and I am grateful for permission from the Syndics of Cambridge University Press to cite materials published in the Correspondence of Charles Darwin. The Syndics of Cambridge University Library similarly granted permission to quote from unpublished manuscripts and other resources in their collections. William Huxley Darwin kindly gave permission to cite Darwin materials. Richard Darwin Keynes generously allowed me to use Emma Darwin’s diaries and other family manuscripts on loan to Cambridge University Library.
I also thank the archivists and librarians of those other institutions that hold related materials, especially the Trustees of the Wedgwood Museum, Barlaston, Stoke-on-Trent; John Murray Ltd.; the American Philosophical Society; the British Library; Die Deutsche Staatsbibliothek; English Heritage; the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University; Das Haeckel Haus, Jena; Leeds University Library; Case Western Reserve University; the Natural History Museum, London; the Royal Institution of Great Britain; the Royal Society of London; and the University of Virginia Library.
The British Library, the Master and Fellows of Christ’s College Cambridge; English Heritage; the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University; Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine; the Mary Evans Picture Library; Missouri Botanical Garden Library; the Royal College of Surgeons of England; the Syndics of Cambridge University Library; the Library of University College London; and the Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of Medicine kindly gave permission to publish images from their collections. A. Walker Bingham and Randal Keynes very generously made items available from their private collections.
And personally, it gives me special pleasure to thank Bill Bynum, Michael Neve, Joy Harvey, and Thomas Söderqvist for reading the manuscript. Their comments showed me ways in which to integrate the details of Darwin’s life with his work that have made all the difference and are deeply appreciated. Juan Bacigalupo, Anne Barrett, Gillian Beer, Peter Bowler, Nicholas Browne, Joe Cain, Jane Camerini, John Clark, Ann Dally, Angela Darwin, Sheila Dean, Adrian Desmond, Mario di Gregorio, Gina Douglas, Patricia Fara, Paul Farber, Janet Garber, Nick Gill, Rupert and Marie Hall, Jonathan Hodge, Rob Iliffe, Frank James, Ludmilla Jordanova, Milo Keynes, David Kohn, Ed Larsen, Ernst Mayr, Richard Milner, Jim Moore, Jack Morrell, Solene Morris, Virginia Murray, Trudy Prescott Nuding, Caroline Overy, Alison Pearn, Jim Paradis, Robin Reilly, Marsha Richmond, Harriet Ritvo, Anne and Jim Secord, Crosbie Smith, Jon Topham, Hugh Torrens, Edward Wakeling, Andrew Warwick, R. D. Wood, and the late John Thackray helped me in many different forms, as have countless wide-ranging discussions with other friends, colleagues, and students over the years. I have been very lucky in being able to attend so many conferences and seminars in different disciplines where Darwin’s works and thoughts, and other issues of a historical and biographical nature, have generated such lively debate. It is clear that there are many ways in which Darwin can be interpreted, many different Darwins, and a rich variety of authoritative preexisting literature, all adding materially to a highly stimulating field on which I have very gratefully drawn. Last but by no means least, Kit and Evie Browne have been the hub of my family life.
Attentive readers of this volume will see that I have a special regard for the unsung heroes of book production who prop the author up. I would particularly like to thank Will Sulkin of Jonathan Cape, Sam Elworthy of Princeton University Press, and the Knopf editorial team who made my life so much smoother: Ken Schneider, Ted Johnson, Ellen Feldman, Avery Fluck, Anthea Lingeman, Justin Salvas, and Carol Carson. Charles Elliott has been a marvellously supportive editor over what has turned out to be a much longer haul than he ever expected.
A Note about the Author
JANET BROWNE trained as a biologist, took her Ph.D. in history of science, and has served as associate editor of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin. She is the author of several books and many scholarly papers. She is professor in the history of biology at the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at University College London and at present president of the British Society for the History of Science.