Guelph, 44
Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, 13, 31, 107, 114, 145, 214, 220, 234, 238, 251, 258, 327–28, 330, 333, 335, 355, 356, 373, 377, 390, 417, 418, 503, 505, 506; chapter VII passim
and Richelieu, 185–86, 191, 244–47
and Christian IV, 196–98, 215–17, 219, 242–43
and Stralsund, 229
invades Germany, 257
Hagenau, 143, 178, 320, 321, 391, 392, 399, 409, 492
Hague, The, 11, 136, 147, 153, 181, 194, 219, 327, 424, 454, 472
Haibach, 207
Halberstadt, 145, 176–77, 178, 186, 198, 200, 209, 236, 312, 371, 382, 432, 472
Halborg, 217
Halle, 212, 291, 315, 401
Hamburg, 35, 42, 43, 50, 195, 228, 407, 418, 427, 436, 451, 454, 456, 494
Hameln, 199, 493
Hammerstein, 487, 490
Hanau on the Main, 295–97, 328, 370, 387, 399
Hanseatic League, 32, 50, 195, 219, 228, 242, 458
Harrach, Count, 113
Harrach, Isabella von. See Wallenstein, Countess
Harvey, William, 21, 373
Hatzfeld, Count, imperialist general, 340–41, 408, 466
Havel, 248, 402
Havelberg, 284
Heidelberg, 43, 48, 88, 89, 97, 99–100, 120, 135, 144, 153, 156, 296, 370, 388, 474
Heilbronn, 133, 149, 233, 329–32, 370, 384
League of, 329–32, 355, 358–59, 360–61, 362, 368–69, 370–71, 377, 379
Hein, Piet, 240
Henneberg, 492
Henrietta of France, Queen of England, 185, 191, 450
Henry IV, King of France, 27, 52
Herbersdorf, Count, Governor of Upper Austria, 207–8
Hermanice, 167
Herstal, 240
Hertogenbosch, 240
Hesse, 42, 44, 48, 202, 233, 251, 272, 284, 296, 488
Hesse-Cassel, 36, 37. See also Maurice, William V, Landgraves of, and Amalia Elizabeth, Landgravine of
Hesse-Darmstadt, 37, 462. See also Lewis and George, Landgraves of
Hildesheim, 163, 200, 209, 231, 233, 383
Hippolitus a Lapide. See Chemnitz, Borgislav von
Historia Persecutionum, 175
Hobbes, Thomas, 373
Hochst, 296
Hochst, Battle of, 150–51
Hoe, Matthias von Hoenegg, 64, 105
Hohentwiel, 370, 376, 435
Hohenzollern, 105
Holk, Heinrich, Count, Imperialist general, 313, 316–17, 318, 338–40
Holl, Elias, 48, 238
Holland, 30, 108, 215, 500
Hollengebirge, 209
Holstein, 32, 36, 135, 198, 213, 217, 219, 454
Holstein, Duke of, 384
Horn, Gustavus, Swedish marshal, 296, 304, 309, 338–40, 346, 355, 357, 359–68, 375, 379
Hradschin, 79, 80, 118, 128
Huguenots, 111, 201, 209, 227, 244, 389
Hungary, 32, 43, 89, 92, 98, 103, 121, 174, 177, 178, 186
Hungary, King of. See Ferdinand III
Hus, John, 69, 172
Illuminism, 20
Ilow, Christian, Freiherr von, imperialist general, 344, 347
Ingolstadt, 59, 305, 308–9
Inn, 33
Innocent X, 452–53, 467, 473, 475, 506
Innsbruck, 341
Inquisition, the Spanish, 24
Isabella, Infanta, Archduchess, Governess of the Netherlands, 30, 58, 140, 143, 145, 147, 155, 156, 158 188, 189, 224, 240, 253, 326 332–34 354
Isar, 309
Isolani, imperialist general, 498
Italy, 11, 26, 32, 33. See also Papacy, Mantua, Savoy, Rome, etc.
James I, King of England, 11, 54–55, 84, 98, 106–7, 108, 120–21, 145–46, 153, 156, 178, 181, 182–83, 186, 189, 195, 214
Jankau, Battle of, 465–67
Jenatsch, Jurg, 389
Jerome of Prague, 69
Jesuits, 24–25, 27, 47, 59, 60, 61, 81, 118, 119, 137, 161–62, 171, 172–73, 232, 234, 239, 399, 504
John IV, King of Portugal, 415, 453, 464
John of Nepomuk, Saint, 172
John, bastard son of Charles V, 384
John, bastard son of Philip IV, 437, 478
John George, Elector of Saxony, 62–65, 66, 85, 93, 154–55, 176–77, 198, 212, 220, 225, 230, 234, 241, 252, 259, 304, 320, 324, 335, 336, 355, 403, 446–47, 468, 497
and the Bohemian crisis, 75–76, 90, 95–96, 104–7, 113–15, 121, 127, 137, 170, 173
and the transference of the Electorate, 158–59, 188–90
and the Edict of Restitution, 233–38, 250–51, 255–58
and Gustavus Adolphus, 269–75, 282–90, 293–95, 301, 307, 309–10, 313–15
and peace, 325, 372, 377–80, 382, 383, 395, 422–23, 475
and Oxenstierna, 327–32, 358
his general policy, 464–65, 503–5
John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, 68, 96
Joseph, Father (Francois Leclerc du Tremblay), 185, 232, 254, 257, 408
Jutland, 217, 219, 455
Kempten, 233, 321, 398
Kenzingen, 370
Kepler, Johann, 21, 167, 373
Khlsel, Cardinal, 76–77, 81–82
King, James, Protestant general, 402
Kinsky, William, Count, 339, 343
Klostergrab, 77–78
Knuyt, Jan van, Dutch diplomatist, 460–61
Kolberg, 248, 455
Kolln on the Spree, 427
Kolowrat, Count, 171
Komotau, 171
Konigsberg, 43, 424
Konigsmarck, Johan Christoph, Count von, Swedish marshal, 467, 483
Kotschenbroda, 468
Kratz, 375
Krempe, 231
Kremiser, 457
Kreuznach, 120
Krummau, 81
Kuefstein, Fraulein von, 498
Kurtz, Count, 427
Kustrin, 282
Kuttenberg, 171
Ladislas IV, King of Poland, 384
Lamormaini, William, Father, 161–62, 232, 239, 397
Landau, 151
Landrecies, 483
Landsberg, 398, 482
Landshut, 359–60
Langenarch, 489
Langres, 394
Laufenburg, 405, 409
Laun, 379
League, the Catholic, 67, 93–94, 99, 106, 110, 112, 119, 159–61, 189, 190, 200, 214, 215, 225, 232, 236, 258, 272, 282, 300, 368, 383, 398
Lech, 305, 309, 368
Leimbauer, Martin, 401–2
Leipzig, 35, 43, 285, 286–87, 315, 340, 403, 494–95
Leipzig, Convention of, 272–75, 277–78, 503
Lens, 483
Leopold, Archduke of Tyrol, 92, 174, 191
Leopold, Archduke, Governor of the Netherlands, son of Ferdinand II, 176–77, 178, 234–36, 352–53, 419–20, 430, 434–35, 436, 478, 479, 483
Leslie, Alexander, Swedish general, 402
Leslie, Major, 348–51
Letter of Majesty, 71, 76–78, 138
Lewis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, 149–51, 154, 176
Lewis the Pious, Duke of Wurttemberg, 49
L’Hopital, de, French general, 439–43
Liechtenstein, Karl von, 137–38, 164–65, 170, 193
Liege, 231, 240, 488
Limburg, 389
Lindau, 42
Linz, 120, 207–9, 397, 401, 466
Lisbon, 415
Lissa, 506
London, 11, 182, 183, 396
Longueville, Duc de, 458–59, 469
Lorch, 320
Loreto, 59
Lorraine, 33, 44, 152, 388, 400. See also Charles, Duke of
Louis XIII, King of France, 11, 27, 156, 188–89, 214, 354, 381, 389, 410, 412, 413, 415, 416, 439–40
and the Bohemian revolt, 81–82, 109–11
and Richelieu, 183–85, 256–57, 437–39
and the German princes, 327, 346, 371, 379–80, 418
Louis XIV, King of France,
439–40, 449, 451, 471–73, 478
Louisa Hollandina, Princess Palatine, 145
Louise, Princess of Orange, Electress of Brandenburg, 472
Louise, daughter of the Duke of Orleans, Mademoiselle, 355, 477
Louise Juliane, Electress Palatine, mother of Frederick V, 56, 97, 99–100, 120, 271, 282
Loyola, Ignatius, Saint, 23, 27
Lubeck, 35, 42, 195, 204, 228, 267, 273, 384
Lubeck, Peace of, 244, 246
Lucerne, 26
Lusatia, 26, 69, 89, 90, 94, 115, 137, 176, 504
Luther, Martin, 21–23
Lutheranism and Lutherans, 21–23, 44–47, 51, 70–71, 72, 114–15, 138, 154–55, 233, 259, 263, 265, 273, 302
Lutter, Battle of, 204–5, 214, 241
Lutzen, Battle of, 315–18, 319, 327, 328, 333, 336, 337
Lutzow, Count, 427
Luynes, Charles, Duke of, 183, 185
Lyons, 393
Maestricht, 332, 388, 389
Magdalena Sybilla, Electress of Saxony, 63–64, 379
Magdeburg, 199, 202, 209, 212, 232, 234–37, 267–68, 273, 283, 284, 296, 312, 320, 371, 378, 381, 424, 472, 492
Magdeburg, siege of, 276–81
Main, 147, 149–50, 485
Mainz, 43, 120, 296, 297, 298, 370, 391, 401
Mainz Accord, 134
Mainz, Elector of:
Johann Schweikard, 67–68, 154, 156, 158, 188–90, 221–22, 225
Anselm Casimir, 247, 296
Manlich of Augsburg, 50
Mannheim, 120, 135, 153, 296, 298
Mansfeld, Ernst von, 83, 84, 86–89, 163, 209–10, 215, 217, 392, 409
in Bohemia and the Upper Palatinate, 92–93, 107, 117, 121, 129, 131–32, 136, 141–42
in the Rhineland, 142–43, 144, 146–53
in Munster and East Friesland, 179–80, 181–82
in London, 182–83
campaign of 1625, 192, 194–95, 201–6
Mansfield, Peter von, 86
Mantua, 227, 238–39, 253, 256, 258, 487
Marburg, 493
Margaret of Lorraine, Duchess of Orleans, 299, 354
Maria of Bavaria, first wife of Ferdinand II, 353
Maria, Infanta of Spain, Empress, first wife of Ferdinand III, 178, 228, 334, 353–54, 398, 419, 449, 477
Maria Anna, Archduchess, Queen of Spain, 477
Maria Anna, Archduchess, Electress of Bavaria, 383, 395, 436
Maria Eleanore of Brandenburg, Queen of Sweden, 107, 114, 297, 319, 328, 403, 454
Maria Leopoldina of Tyrol, Empress, second wife of Ferdinand III, 477
Maria Teresa, Infanta of Spain, 478
Mariazell, 129, 218
Marie de Medici, Queen-mother of France, 111, 183, 298
Mark, 51–52, 424
Martinitz, Jaroslav, 76–80
Matthias, Emperor, 54, 58, 68, 71, 73–74, 76–78, 82, 85, 90
Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, 45, 49, 176, 202
Maurice, Prince of Orange, 31, 85, 98, 108–9, 112, 120, 129, 136, 152, 179, 188, 194, 262
Maurice, Prince Palatine, 129
Maximilian, Duke, later Elector of Bavaria, 21, 62, 65–68, 84, 89–90, 96, 106, 113, 115, 157–61, 162, 176–78, 206–7, 208, 305–6, 321, 334, 342–43, 423, 489
and the Bohemian revolt, 93–94, 99, 119–29
and the electorate, 132–33; chapter IV, 2, 4; 215, 219–20, 383, 421, 463
his policy, 188–90, 225, 246, 465, 502–5
and Wallenstein, 192–93, 214–15, 220–22, 230, 256, 258, 311–14, 338–40, 352
and the Edict of Restitution, 231–36
and the French, 250–51, 253–55, 268, 281–84, 198–300, 308–9, 415, 436, 463–64, 481–82
and the French invasion, 393–95
and Mercy, 446–48
at the Peace of Westphalia, 463–65, 468, 470–71, 473–74, 476–77
and Werth, 179–81
Mazarin, Cardinal, 439, 447–49, 452–55, 459, 467, 476–79, 504, 505
Mecklenburg, 44, 199, 213, 219, 220, 221, 224–25, 229, 231, 273, 275–76, 278, 284, 296, 312, 335, 409
Mecklenburg, Dukes of, 205, 212, 217, 220, 267, 273, 275, 296, 384
Meinau, 489
Melander, Peter, Hessian, later imperialist general, 430, 481, 482, 498
Melo, Francisco de, Spanish general, 437, 440–43
Memmingen, 256
Mercy, Franz von, Bavarian general, 447–48, 466–68
Mergentheim, 467
Merseburg, 285
Metz, 152, 323, 463, 470
Meuse, 440
Mexico, 27
Milan, 26, 53, 389
Milan, Perpetual Peace of, 416
Milanese, the, 53, 112, 227
Minden, 236, 472, 492–93
Mingolsheim, 147
Mittelwalde, 210
Mitzlaff, Joachim, Protestant general, 217
Moldau, 117, 119, 125, 126, 137
Montdidier, 394
Montecuculi, Raymond, Count, imperialist general, 482
Montferrat, 228
Montpelier, 21
Monzon, Peace of, 201
Moravia, 26, 69, 89, 90, 91, 117, 127, 137, 138, 163, 167, 173–74, 188, 210–11, 399, 434, 454
Morgan, Charles, Colonel, 201
Mortaigne, Gaspard Corneille de, Swedish general, 432, 493
Mosel, 43
Moulins, 412
Moyenvic, 470
Muhlhausen, 105–6, 114, 130, 133, 220, 225, 273
Mulde, 43
Munich, 44, 127, 128, 246, 308, 309, 339, 401, 493
Munster, 37, 147, 179, 231, 435, 457, 458, 480
Munster, Congress of, chapter XI
Munster, Peace of, 481
Namur, 388
Nancy, 299
Naples, 27
Nassau, 248, 492, 493
Nassau, Count John of, 461
Neckar, 43, 147, 148, 149
Netherlands. See Spanish Netherlands, United Provinces, etc.
Neubrandenburg, 216, 276, 493
Neuburg, 37
Neuburg, Prince of, 157, 253
Neumarket, 489
Neustadt, 401
Nordhausen, 37
Nordlingen, 233, 293, 360
Nordlingen, Battle of, 362–68, 368–70, 373, 377, 380, 384, 390, 399–400, 416, 494
Nordlingen, second Battle of, 467–68
Norma futurarum actionum, 323
Normandy, 393
Norway, 31
Nuremberg, 35, 37, 105, 118, 163, 273, 296, 304, 310–14, 321, 370, 400, 421, 487, 488, 489
Oberndorf, 338
Oder, 35, 43, 101, 204, 226, 274–75, 500, 502
Oise, 394
Oldenburg, 494
Oldenzaal, 227
Olivarez, Gaspar de Guzman, Count, Duke of, 140–41, 143, 188, 195, 244–45, 259–60, 326, 332–34, 385, 415, 436, 503
Olmutz, 116, 434, 157, 485, 492
Onate, Count, 113
Opitz, Martin, 48
Oppenheim, 120
Orleans, Duke of. See Gaston
Osnabruck, 176–77, 186, 198, 231, 436, 458
Osnabruck, negotiations at, chapter XI Osterburg, 493
Oxenstierna, Axel, 263–65, 266, 295, 313–14, 319, 384, 390, 395, 396, 449, 454, 460
his policy in Germany, chapter VII, 2
and the Heilbronn League, 355–58, 360–61, 368–71
and Richelieu, 379–82, 383, 406–7, 413, 417–19
and the army, 355–58, 385–87, 428–30, 432
at Stockholm, 403–4
Oxenstierna, Johan, Swedish delegate at Osnabruck, 460, chapter XI, 3, 5
Paderborn, 147, 151, 231, 471
Padua, 21
Palatine, Rhenish, 43, 46, 53–54, 108, 116, 129, 141–42, 189–90, 221, 225, 303, 306, 312, 409, 474, 504, 505
war in, 120–21, 130, 135–36, 153
conditions in, 141–44, 488–89, 490, 492
Counter-Reformation in, 156, 175–76
Papacy. See Urban VIII and Innocent X
Pappenheim, Gottfried Heinrich, Count of, Imperialist general, 208–9, 230, 276, 278–80, 286–90, 291, 293, 315–17, 320, 336–37
Paris, 11–13, 381, 391, 394, 396, 471
Paris, Treaty of, 371
Pauw, Adrian, 460
Peasants, 11, 18, 143, 144, 200, 249–50, 320, 457, 491, 495
Austrian, 119, 206–9, 401
Bavarian, 342–43
Bohemian, 72, 90, 117, 121, 169, 211
French, 393
German, 49, 51
Styrian, 401
Penaranda, Count Guzman de, 460, 461, 469, 471, 481
Perigord, 393
Peru, 27, 29, 188, 385
Philip II, King of Spain, 28, 30, 58, 59, 414
Philip III, King of Spain, 58–59, 75, 89, 109, 110, 111, 113, 140–41, 414
Philip IV, King of Spain, 140–41, 155–56, 188, 224, 238, 239, 296, 333–34, 340, 381–82, 385, 413, 414, 415, 436–37, 449, 477, 487
Philip Lewis of Pfalz-Zimmern, 462
Philippsburg, 358–59, 361, 375, 387, 471, 472, 473
Picardy, 393, 394
Piccolomini, Ottavio, imperialist general, 317–18, 345–48, 351, 430, 434, 447, 482–86, 488–89, 498
Pillau, 215, 242
Pilsen, 81, 83, 88, 117, 121, 131, 132, 343, 345, 346–48, 435
Pinerolo, 256, 463, 470
Piombino, 27
Pirna, 408, 493
Poland, 18, 20, 24, 25, 31, 32, 34, 217, 241, 266, 267
Pomerania, 43, 49, 219, 267, 379, 424, 500. See also Borgislav, Duke of
war in, 228–29, 258, 265, 275
Swedish claims on, 312, 325, 327, 407, 428, 462, 465, 470–73
Portugal, 27, 415–16, 502. See also John IV, King of
Poyntz, Sydnam, English soldier of fortune, 420
Prague, 13, 34, 54, chapter II; 103, 117–18, 125–28, 465–66, 485, 487
punishment of, chapter IV, 1
Counter-Reformation in, 169, 170–72
inflation in, 164–65
coronation of Ferdinand III at, 218
taken by Saxons, 294
Wallenstein and, 310, 337, 345, 347
sieges of, 360, 483–84
Prague, Archbishop of, 77–78, 171
Prague, Peace of, 377–82, 383–84, 395, 397, 417, 421, 422–23, 424, 425, 426–27, 446, 463, 475, 485, 503, 505
Prague, University of, 171
Pressburg, 102
Provence, 380, 393
Prussia, 43–44, 68, 199, 211, 215, 231, 424, 501
Quedlinburg, 273
Ragoczy, Sigismund, 313, 466, 488
Raleigh, Walter, 11
Ramsay, Sir James, 387
Ravensberg, 51–52
Ravensburg, 341
The Thirty Years War Page 60