by Ian Kershaw
life in the Wolf’s Lair 624–6, 635, 700–701, 720, 741–2, 748, 781–2
plans for ‘New Order’ 632–5, 650–51, 654, 775
drive for Moscow and Leningrad 635–51
army’s winter crisis on Eastern Front (1941–42) 645–6, 647, 651–6, 661–7, 693, 700, 704, 710
declaration of war against United States (December 1941) 657–60, 690, 693–4
takes over supreme command of army 664, 783
and development of genocidal policy 459, 468–9, 594–8, 668–9, 676–7, 682–5, 688–9, 691–5, 697–9, 714–17, 763–5, 775–7, 802–3, 969
radicalization of home front 705–9, 715, 744, 749–50, 854–7
spring/summer offensive (1942) 700, 710–13, 719–26
and the battle for Stalingrad 648, 727, 728–9, 731, 733–6, 737–44
the move to ‘total war’ 745–7, 749–54, 808–10, 855–60
last German offensive in the east (Operation Citadel; July 1943) 755–6, 762–3, 766–7, 769–70, 771–2, 774–5, 787–9, 797–8
and capitulation of Italy 761–2, 763, 767–70, 771–4
preparation for Allied invasion in the West 785–6, 793, 803–4
invasion of Hungary (March 1944) 793–6
D-Day (6 June 1944) 804–6
and Allied advances 806–10, 813, 861–7
and Red Army offensive in the east 810–11, 813–14, 867–8, 879, 888–92, 894–6, 905, 908, 914, 918 July 1944 assassination plot 816–18, 828–53, 865, 875
Ardennes offensive 873, 875, 879, 880–87, 892
refuses to capitulate 895–900, 906–20, 954
and Red Army advance on Berlin 920–21, 923–5, 926–7, 928, 931, 934–42, 946, 952, 953–4
last days in the Führer Bunker 901–4 922–6, 928–31, 938–43, 951–5
rage at Himmler’s offer to surrender to Allies 943–6, 947, 953
marriage 947–8
his last Will and Testament 948–50
suicide 929, 932, 951–2, 953–5
disposal of body 23, 932, 954, 956–8
announcement of his death 959
Character & characteristics: acting ability 174–5, 213–14, 273, 373, 615, 932
ageing 710, 747, 754, 782, 849, 905–6, 923
anti-communism 35, 41, 208, 599
anti-Habsburg feelings 9, 27, 47
anti-Marxism 91, 92–3
antisemitism see below
appearance 8, 12, 14, 25, 31, 34, 35, 55, 116, 174, 175–6, 710, 754, 902–3
attitude towards women 12–13, 22–3, 55, 175, 212, 218–19, 325, 378
autodidacticism xxvii, 27
aversion to alcohol 25, 55, 160, 212, 496
bohemianism 210, 375
carries dog-whip 115–16
‘charismatic authority’ xxviii–xxix, xxxviii, 900
charm 373, 378
chaste lifestyle 22, 212
cleanliness fetishism 34
diet 25, 160, 212, 380, 625, 720, 781, 850, 871
egocentrism/egomania xxxix-xl, 20, 27, 157, 175, 356, 378, 380, 783
emptiness of private life 209–10, 211, 221, 701, 747
fantasist 12–13, 17, 20, 26, 747
foppishness 12, 25
‘genius’ 210, 356, 372, 607, 609, 710, 781, 782–4
health 380, 639–40, 654, 667, 741, 744, 747, 782, 793, 798, 849, 857, 869–71, 880–81
hesitancy 213, 653, 752, 754, 783
histrionics 102, 725
hubris 356
hypochondria 214, 380, 640, 870, 871
idealism 89
ideologue xxxv, xl, 79–80, 96, 148–9, 158, 610
idleness 10, 20, 26, 31, 32, 175, 212, 781
immunized to human suffering 53, 56, 701
impatience 121, 129
insomnia 798
intelligence xxxvi, 176, 210, 336
isolation 701–2
leadership style 211–15, 269, 321–9, 374–5, 491–2, 751–2, 782–3
love of films 293, 325, 377, 430, 781
love of music 11, 12, 19, 20–21, 25, 490, 701, 709–10, 742, 781
magnetism 209–10
medication 869, 870, 902, 923, 928
megalomania 378, 379, 485, 610
messianism 850–51
military leadership 554, 710, 722, 754, 779–81, 783–4, 786–9, 797, 811–13, 882–3, 893
obsession with the grandiose 22, 212, 379, 650–51
opinionatedness 26–7
pan-German nationalism 36, 40, 47, 70, 151, 401
paranoia 849–50, 871, 952
political skill xxxvi, 84, 210, 263, 336
preoccupation with his own mortality 379–80, 880–81
problems with personal relationships 24, 49, 55–6, 116, 211, 373–4, 378, 701
propagandist 79–80, 96–7, 105–6, 108–9, 158, 188–9, 326, 335, 936
prudishness 22, 23–4, 375, 392–3
psychiatric abnormality 871
as public speaker see below
rages 20, 22, 27, 35, 102, 210–11, 310–11, 384, 724, 725, 747, 782, 850, 890, 926–7
reading 38, 49, 54, 97, 145, 154
recklessness 371, 722, 812
religion 373, 382
restlessness 371
routine 375–7, 430–31, 491–2, 700–701
secrecy xxxvii, 20, 335, 373, 691, 716–17
self-deception 780–81
sense of infallibility 294, 356, 422
as sex symbol xxxix sexuality xxxix, 22–4, 115, 175, 219
suicidal tendencies xxxix–xl, 132, 134, 887
suspicion 850
talkativeness 742
unathleticism 325, 380
vegetarianism 160, 212, 214, 380, 625, 720
wit 175, 176
‘world view’/Weltanschauung 27, 37, 42, 44–5, 75, 80–81, 145–6, 148–55, 158, 184, 321, 330, 367
Antisemitism:
anti-Jewish legislation 288, 321, 339–49, 382–3, 451–5, 462
associates Jews with uncleanliness and disease 38
associates war with destruction of Jews 593–4, 692–3
attacks Jewish lack of ability and creativity 692
badges for Jews 462, 679–81
becomes obsessive antisemite 37–45, 91–2
biological terminology 677, 759, 764, 790
development of genocidal policy 459, 468–9, 594–8, 668–9, 676–7, 682–5, 688–9, 691–5, 697–9, 714–17, 763–5, 775–7, 969
emergence of hatred of Jews 27–9, 32, 40, 44–5
examines relation of Marxism to Jews 38, 49
first known statements on 29, 74–5
fused with anti-Bolshevism 150–51
his last Testament 948–9
impact of Crystal Night 466–9
influence of First World War 41–2, 56–7, 58, 62–5, 691, 692
keen to hide involvement in genocide 691
links destruction of Jews with acquisition of ‘living space’ 154–5
and November pogrom (1938) 455–69
pressurizes Axis leaders 759–60
‘prophesies’ destruction of Jews 469, 669, 671, 680–81, 692, 693–4, 697–8, 716–17, 728, 731, 764, 802
in public speeches 74, 80, 87, 90, 91–2, 179–80, 202, 358, 381, 469, 592–3, 691, 693–5, 697–8, 728, 731, 790, 802–3, 885, 899
Public speaker:
acting ability 174
Anton Drexler on 75
appeal to younger generation 203
Hitler, Adolf
banning of 166, 179, 184–5, 187 conviction politician 182–3
declining impact 731, 744, 748, 784, 790, 798–9, 906–7
demagogic skills xxvii
discovers his greatest talent 74, 77–8
excited by crowds 80, 209, 221, 380–81, 592
Hans Frank on 88–9
his notes and preparation 90, 91, 326
idealism 203–4
Karl Harrer’s assessment of 85
Karl Mayr on 94
Kurt Lüdecke on 114
language 86, 89
leadership 112
mob-orator 78, 105–6
passion 89, 90–91, 114
personality and leadership 181
perspiration 176
as propagandist 78–80, 105–6, 113, 137–8
pseudo-religious terms 264–5
radio broadcasts 264–5, 279, 353, 406, 507, 731, 748, 773, 784, 789–90, 885, 898–9
repetition 80, 91
simplicity 80, 81, 89
sincerity 89, 114, 381
themes 90–91
William Shirer on 354, 440–41, 486
Works:
Mein Kampf: antisemitism 37–9, 148, 381, 467
Bavarian revolutionary period 69
censorship of 386
early development of German Workers’ Party 83–4
early years 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14
eastern colonization 180
First World War service 54, 57
future leader in waiting 105
genocidal terminology 149–50
gratitude to Streicher 110
‘heroic’ leader ideas 157–8
H’s ‘mission’ 514
inaccuracies 3, 24, 31, 36
joining German Workers’ Party 76
‘living space’ 64, 148
mother’s death 15
pan-Germanism 402
‘political awakening’ in Vienna 27, 36–7
political life in Munich 50
programme of cooperation with England 614
prostitution 24
role of the state 329
sexual development 23
social-Darwinism 365
South Tyrol question 183
sterilization policy 530
success of 146, 147–8, 225, 327
title 147
völkisch movement 81
‘world view’ Weltanschauung 42, 64, 70, 146, 148–55
writing of 139, 143, 146–7, 166, 177, 180
‘Second Book’ 180, 183–4, 365
Völkischer Beobachter articles 97, 99, 162, 180, 217, 225
Views & biographies on xxxiii–xxxviii
Hitler, Alois (Aloys; H’s father): birth 1
career as customs officer 1, 2, 3
changes name from Schicklgruber 1–2
death 10
his ‘cosmopolitan views’ 39
H’s inheritance from 45
as husband and father 2, 3, 5, 7
marriages 2–3
relationship with H 8, 9–10, 412
Hitler, Alois (H’s half-brother) 2, 3, 8
Hitler, Angela (H’s half-sister) see Hammitzsch, Angela
Hitler, Anna (née Glasserl) 2
Hitler, Edmund (H’s brother) 3, 5, 8
Hitler, Franziska (née Matzelberger; ‘Fanni’) 2
Hitler, Gustav (H’s brother) 3
Hitler, Ida (H’s sister) 3
Hitler, Klara (née Pölzl; H’s mother): appearance and character 5
death 10, 15, 16
illness 14
marriage to Alois 2–3, 5–6
relationship with H 5, 10, 13–14, 15, 412
widowed 10
Hitler, Otto (H’s brother) 3
Hitler, Paula (H’s sister) see Wolf, Paula
Hitler Youth: and the Anschluß 413
antisemitic indoctrination and violence 340, 674
and Fritsch scandal (1938) 395, 396
last days in Berlin 923, 934
Nuremberg rallies 194
Schirach leads 191
and Werwolf 917
working-class support of 206
Hitler, Adolf
‘Hitler-Mutti’ 99, 116
‘Hitler-Oaks and -Linden’ 292
Hobbes, Thomas 421
Hodges, Courtney H. 893
Hoepner, Erich 602–3, 656, 666, 706, 708, 834–5, 839, 840, 846, 847
Hofacker, Cäsar von 875
Hoffmann, Heinrich: as ‘court’ photographer 211, 293
and Eva Braun 219, 378
his photographs 52, 144
and H’s paintings 49
and H’s relations with women 218–19
Hoffmann, Henrietta 218
Hofmann, Hermine 99
Holland see Netherlands
Holste, Rudolf 939, 940, 953
Homer 166 homosexuality 23, 24, 29, 216, 315, 394
Honisch, Karl 35, 41
Höppner, Rolf-Heinz 678, 681–2
Horthy de Nagybánya, Miklós 607, 758, 760, 794–5, 876–7
Horthy de Nagybánya, Miklós (son) 877
Hößb, Rudolf 688, 965
Hoßbach, Friedrich 334–5, 375, 388, 394–5, 486, 890
‘Hoßbach meeting’ (November 1937) 387–91, 418
Hoth, Hermann 672, 734, 735
Hube, Hans Valentin 796
Huber, Kurt 741
Huemer, Eduard 8–9
Hugenberg, Alfred: his press 193, 196
H’s ‘compromise’ with 940
and H’s negotiations with Hindenburg 252, 253, 254–5
Minister of Economics and Food in H’s cabinet 260, 263–4, 267–8, 270
and ‘National Opposition’ 222–3
and Pan-German League 153
and ‘Reich Committee for the German People’s Petition’ 193
and Reich’s President election (1932) 226
resignation from H’s cabinet 289–90
Humber estuary 770–71
Hungarian army 591, 729, 738, 742
Hungary: Arrow Cross 876, 877–8
changes sides 876–7
and Czechoslovakia 423, 437
German invasion (March 1944) 793–6
German troops withdraw 918
joins Tripartite Pact 604
seeks peace with Soviet Union 867–8, 876
Soviet interest in 585, 876
Soviet invasion (January 1945) 889, 890, 914, 928
territorial dispute with Romania 867
treatment of Jews 758, 795–6, 878
unwilling to align with Germany 487
vital raw materials 862, 876, 889, 898, 914
Hüttler (Hiedler), Johann Nepomuk 2
Hüttler (Hiedler), Walburga 2
hyperinflation 108, 114, 125
Ibiza 384
IG-Farben (chemical company) 361, 365, 366, 368, 451
Illustrierter Beobachter (newspaper) 225
imperialism: H’s views on colonies 650, 713
and ‘living space’ 153–4
and ‘national community’ 182
Independent Social Democrats (USPD) 66–7, 69
India 389, 580, 583, 585, 629, 630, 631
Indo-China 579
Innitzer, Theodor 413
Innsbruck 961
intellectuals: Jewish ‘intelligentsia’ targeted 670
planned liquidation of ‘Bolshevik intelligentsia’ 598–9
purging and capitulation of German intellectuals 291–2
International Automobile and Motor-Cycle Exhibition (Berlin, 1933) 271
internationalism: H’s views on 56, 64, 119, 202
of Social Democrats 36
Iran 485, 723
Iraq 485, 723
Ireland, Republic of 485
iron 366, 403, 487, 551, 630, 713
‘Iron Fist’ club 94
Israel 965
Italian army 733, 738, 742
Italy: Abyssinian conflict 338–9, 350, 352, 369, 401–2
alliance with Germany 151, 169, 369–70, 402, 403, 471, 733
Allied landing and advances 767, 769, 771, 772–3, 803, 862–3, 892
and the Anschluß 401, 402, 403, 407
armistice with Allies (3 September 1943) 771, 772
and Austrian putsch attempt (1934) 317
coup d’etat (1922) 110
and Czechoslovakia 423–4, 425–6, 433, 443–4
Duce cult 110
entry into war 560
fall of Mussolini 761�
��2, 763, 767–70
Fascist Grand Council 768
and Geneva Disarmament Conference 297–8
and German expansionism 389
and German rearmament 336
invasion of Greece 581, 583, 591, 604, 608
Italian-French armistice (24 June 1940) 561
junior partner in Axis 385, 560
North African campaigns 591, 736, 757, 761
‘Pact of Steel’ (1939) 487
planned invasion of Malta 717
‘Repubblica di Salò’ 774
Russian campaign 729, 736
South Tyrol question 183, 426
and Spanish Civil War 369, 385
treatment of Jews 775–6
Tripartite Pact (1940) 580 see also Fascism
J. A. Topf and Sons 687
‘January Strike’ (1918) 66–7
Japan: Anti-Comintern Pact (1936) 369, 370–71
attack on Pearl Harbor (December 1941) 607, 656–8, 660, 690, 693–4
attempts to broker peace settlement between Germany and Soviet Union 871–2
invasion of Singapore 606, 704
navy 338, 712
and Russia 361, 580
territorial ambitions 579–80
Tripartite Pact (1940) 580, 658
war against China 385
Jarres, Karl 165
Jeckeln, Friedrich 689, 690
Jerusalem 965
Jeschonnek, Hans 734, 735, 753
Jesuits 35–6, 41, 824
‘Jewish Question’: and aim to defeat Soviet Union 682–3, 684, 690
and capitalism 92
Goebbels and 347, 381, 452–5, 577–8, 679, 694, 698–9, 759–60, 763–4
Göring and 450, 461, 464, 575, 598, 678, 679
H associates war with destruction of Jews 593–4, 692–3
H distances himself from 451, 466, 716–17
H shows little active interest 381, 382–3
H uses to put pressure on Axis leaders 759–60
Himmler and 676, 715–17
H’s first recorded written statement on 29, 74–5, 383
and H’s foreign policy 151
and ‘living space’ 182, 575
‘Madagascar solution’ 453, 576–8, 593, 594, 677
in Mein Kampf 38, 154
and morale of lower middle classes 341
and Nazi Party Programme 343–9
‘rational’ systematic approach 458, 464
SS and 416, 452, 458, 464, 467–9, 573, 577, 578–9, 759
Jews: alleged sexual abuse 91, 109
anti-Jewish legislation 288, 321, 341, 342–9, 382–3, 450–52, 462
‘aryanization’ of Jewish businesses 383, 450, 451, 463
badges for 462, 679–81
ban on attending markets 679