by Ian Kershaw
restructuring of (1938) 398
Russian campaign 619, 637, 649, 767
size of 337
Luitpoldhain 241
Lüneburg 964
Luther, Hans 267
Luther, Martin 157, 163, 181
Lutze, Viktor 305, 309, 313, 315, 760
Luxembourg 557
Luzk 670
McLean, Donald 611
‘Madagascar solution’ 453, 576–8, 593, 594, 677
Magdeburg 454, 457, 893, 958
Maginot Line 538, 559
Magnuszev bridgehead 888
Main river 914
Mainz 893, 894
Maisel, Ernst 875
Majdanek concentration and extermination camp 262, 715
male fantasy 106
Malicious Practices Act (1933) 279
Malta 608, 717
Manchester Guardian 968
manganese 775, 787, 862
Manicheism 148, 763
Mannerheim, Baron Carl Gustav von 718, 868
Mannesmann (corporation) 451
Mansfeld, Erich 967
Manstein, Erich von: 11th Army 710
and battle for Stalingrad 734–6, 738
chief of staff of Army Group A 554, 664
and development of genocidal programme 673
dismissal 796–7
and invasion of Czechoslovakia 429
moved to Stettin 555
and Operation Citadel 755–6, 767, 770, 772, 774, 787–9
rejects approach by opposition groups 824
and retaking of Kharkhov 754–5, 757
and spring/summer offensive (1942) 717, 718, 719, 724
and taking of Sevastopol 718, 719
‘Manstein plan’ 554–5
Manteuffel, Hasso von 881, 883, 884
Manziarly, Constanze 926, 929, 954
Marburg, University of 307
‘March Fallen’ (Märzgefallene) 291
Margival (Führer Headquarters) 807
Marita, Operation 604, 607–10
Market Garden, Operation 866–7
Marne river 866
Marseilles 866
Marx, Karl xxxiii, 49, 145
Marxism: H’s attacks on 91, 119, 138, 178, 262, 264, 268, 270, 272
Jews and 38, 49, 64, 150–51, 449
Marxist press 38
and National Socialist movement 50 see also anti-Marxism
Marzahn 926
Märzgefallene (‘March Fallen’) 291
‘master race’ 148, 632
masturbation 23
Matsuoka, Yosuke 605–7, 657
Maurice, Emil 147, 220, 293
Mauthausen concentration camp 775, 776
May Day affair (1923) 121–3
May, Karl 7, 9
Mayer, Joseph 533
Maykop 653, 711, 722, 723
Mayr, Karl 72–3, 74, 75, 76–7, 93–4
Mayrhofer, Josef 19–20
Me262 (fighter aircraft) 791, 801
Mecklenburg-Schwerin 141, 142, 188, 193, 205, 230, 490, 931
Medicus, Franz Albrecht 344–5
Mediterranean: ‘an Italian sea’ 370, 581
British navy in 571, 580, 733, 766
H’s hopes for strategic gain 591–2
Mefo-Bills 267
Mein Kampf see Hitler, Adolf: Works
Meissner, Otto 234, 252, 264, 313, 324, 477, 505, 925
Memelland 475, 480–81
Mendelssohn, Felix 41
mentally ill patients 528–35, 573
Meran 799
Mercury, Operation 608
Mers-el-Kébir 562
Mertz von Quirnheim, Albrecht Ritter 834, 839, 840, 841, 845
Messerschmitt, Willi 791, 801
Messina, Straits of 771
Metz 807, 865
Meuse river 557, 883
Meyer, Alfred 687–8
Michael, King of the Romanians 867
Mickey Mouse cartoons 377
Mierendorff, Carlo 824
Miklas, Wilhelm 410, 412
Milan 370, 953
Milch, Erhard 408, 737, 791, 792, 800, 801
Ministerial Council for the Defence of the Reich 506, 751, 752
Minsk 622, 626, 627, 676, 687, 690, 811, 821
Mischlinge (part-Jews) 681, 690, 696
Model, Walter: H’s ‘fireman’ 813
and Operation Citadel 756, 766–7
replaces Busch 813, 814
replaces Kluge 864–5
replaces Manstein 797
in the Ruhr 911, 919
suicide 919
Moeller van den Bruck, Arthur 105
Mogilew 687, 810
Mohnke, Wilhelm 939–40, 946, 954, 960
Möllendorf, Leonhard von 831
Molotov, Vyacheslav 488, 489, 495, 496, 498–9, 583–6, 876
Moltke, Helmuth James Graf von 823–4
Mönichkirchen 607, 608
Montgomery, Sir Bernard (later 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein) 727, 730, 772, 865, 893
Montoire 582
Moravia 387, 474, 475, 479, 574
Morell, Theodor (H’s doctor): electrocardiograms 640, 869 in Führer Bunker 923, 926, 928
H’s reliance on 380, 782, 870
and July 1944 assassination attempt 832, 849
questionable treatments 870
revival of President Hácha 477
Morgenthau Plan (1944) 910
Morocco 362, 580, 592
Mortain 864
Moscow 590, 591, 626, 636–41, 644, 646–8, 653–4, 700
motorways (Autobahn) 271–2, 425, 431, 632, 650, 702, 720
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus xxx, 20
Muchow, Reinhold 288
Mühldorf am Inn 411
Müller, Adolf 221
Müller, Friedrich-Wilhelm 890
Müller, Heinrich 671, 696, 890
Müller, Hermann 191, 199
Müller, Karl Alexander 73, 93
Müller, Ludwig 296
Münchener Beobachter (newspaper) 82
Münchener Post (newspaper) 99, 136, 220
Münchner Neueste Nachrichten (newspaper) 153
Munich: Allied bombing of 728, 894
arrival of American troops (30 April 1945) 961
art galleries 45
Artists’ Club 458
beerhalls 77, 79, 81, 96, 126
Bogenhausen 211
bourgeoisie 95, 97, 116
‘Brown House’ 212, 213, 243, 293, 311, 444, 952
Bürgerbräukeller 127–30, 136, 137, 163, 171, 456, 544–7, 816
cafés 97–8, 115, 211, 213, 218, 219
deportation of Jews 689
Deutsches Künstlerhaus 450–51
Feldherrnhalle 52, 137, 173, 458, 968
during First World War 52, 58, 61, 680
Fürstenfelder Hof 82
Hauptbahnhof 69
Herzogpark 160
Hofbräuhaus 84, 85, 86–7, 103, 110, 113, 120, 183, 784, 793, 905, 907
as H’s power base 163, 167
Jewish businesses 450
Königliche Hof- und Staatsbibliothek 49
Löwenbräukeller 120, 652, 730, 777
military rule (1919) 71–2
November pogrom (1938) 455–8, 465–6
Odeonsplatz 52, 131
Old Town Hall 456, 457, 465
Osteria Bavaria 461, 709
party rallies 119–20, 122, 357
People’s Court 134
‘Rally of German Art’ (1939) 490
Räterepublik 67–8, 69, 70–71, 72, 90, 106, 107, 135
rebuilding plans 856
Schwabing 48
Soldiers’ Councils 66, 68, 69, 70–71
Solln 99
Stadelheim prison 108, 310, 311, 312
Sterneckerbräu 75
synagogues destroyed 450–51, 457, 465
Vier Jahreszeiten hotel 82, 334, 457
völkisch groups 81–2, 84, 95, 121, 132–3, 136
‘White Rose’ group 740–
41
Zircus Krone 89, 96, 123, 178
Munich Agreement (1938) 434–47, 471, 473–4, 479–80
Munich Art Academy 45
Munich University 72–3, 77, 191, 741
Münster 918
Münstereifel 556
music 11, 12, 19, 20–21, 160, 626, 701, 709–10, 742, 781, 800
Mussert, Anton 713
Mussolini, Benito: and the Anschluß 492, 409, 410
anti-Bolshevism 369
captured and executed 953
coins ‘Axis’ term 370
and Czechoslovakia 425–6, 442–4, 452
fall of 761, 762, 767–8
and German occupation of France 560
and German rearmament 336, 350
and ‘great men’ theory 181
H compared with 78, 110, 112, 176
H loses confidence in 762, 763
and Heß affair (May 1941) 614
house-arrest 768, 774
H’s bust of 212
invasion of Abyssinia 338–9, 350, 352
invasion of Greece 581, 583, 591, 604, 608
Italianization of South Tyrol 183
‘March on Rome’ (1922) 110, 111, 114
meeting with Franco (February 1941) 592
meeting with Matsuoka (April 1941) 606
misses meeting with H and Laval (November 1942) 732
and Munich Agreement negotiations (1938) 442–4, 445
opens path to the ‘Axis’ 350–51
and Operation Barbarossa 619, 621
and Polish crisis (1939) 497, 502–3, 506
proposed peace terms with Stalin 736
‘Repubblica di Salò’ 774
and Spanish Civil War 362
state visit to Germany (1937) 369, 385
talks with H: (October 1940) 580–81, 582, 583;
(June 1941) 619;
(May 1942) 709–10;
(April 1943) 757;
(July 1943) 767;
(September 1943) 774
virile images of 176
visits H after assassination attempt (July 1944) 829, 839, 841–2
Mutschmann, Martin 905
Nachrichtenabteilung (‘Information Department’) 71–2
Nadolny, Rudolf 297, 332
Naples 772
Napoleon Bonaparte 78, 111, 113, 485, 620, 622, 628, 641, 665, 858
Narev river 517, 888, 889, 894
Narvik 551, 552, 553
National Committee of Free Germany 897
‘national community’ (Volksgemeinschaft) 182, 198, 203–4, 272, 323, 327
‘National Day of Celebration of the German People’ (1 May) 358
‘National Redoubt’ 935
‘national renewal’ 514
National Socialism: ‘25 theses’ 86, 171, 172
antisemitism as ‘ideological cement’ 285
characteristics of H’s regime 421–2, 571–3, 738, 746–7, 750, 753, 900, 966–9
comes of its own in war 514–15
Leader as embodiment of ‘idea’ 172, 185, 200–201, 330
and north German NSDAP 167
Strasser’s views 166–7, 200
and völkisch movement 81
National Socialist Doctors’ League 529, 530–31
National Socialist Factory Cell Organization (Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellenorganisation; NSBO) 288–9
National Socialist Freedom Movement (Nationalsozialistische Freiheitsbewegung; NSFB) 143–4, 162, 166
National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP; Nazi Party): attempts to merge with DSP 100–101 banning of 125, 132, 140, 145, 161, 162
benefits from Depression 196–7, 198, 203–4, 257–8
Bormann’s restructuring for peacetime Germany 917–18
chairmanship 95–6, 103–4, 132
corruption 225, 326–7
and Deutscher Kampfbund 124
dominant role in last months of regime 853–4
early mass meetings 87–9, 96–7
and economic crisis of 1929 192–4
factional disputes 186, 200–201
first experiment in government 197–8
Führer cult 110–13, 119–20, 185–6, 200, 249
funding of 117–18, 187, 198, 224–5, 241, 269
growth of 94, 99, 109–110, 116–17, 118, 184–5, 186, 191, 194, 198, 291, 327–8
‘Gymnastic and Sports Section’ 88
H establishes supreme mastery 169–73, 194–5, 200–201
H takes over leadership 79, 83–4, 100–104, 108–10
and Heß affair (May 1941) 613–14
and intellectuals 291–2
membership 162–3, 184, 191, 194, 198, 205–6, 291
in ‘National Opposition’ 223–4
national revolutionary wing 193, 207
north Germany NSDAP (1925) 166–9
and November pogrom (1938) 460
‘Old Fighters’ 731, 784, 847
organization and structure 190, 205–6, 212, 216, 306, 327–9, 448, 917–18
paramilitary organization 106–8, 118, 120–21, 124, 223
Political Central Commission 248
possible coalition with Zentrum 238, 263
Programme of 1920 168, 169, 171, 172, 183, 189, 402, 905, 907
proposed merger with DVFP 141–2, 143
purchases Völkischer Beobachter 95
rallies see under Rallies, Nazi Party
refoundation (1925) 162–6
Reichsleitung 531
Reichstag elections: (1928) 190, 204;
(1930) 198, 201–2, 204–6, 209, 223;
(1932) 230, 231–2, 241–2;
(1933) 277, 300
renamed from DAP 87–8
seizure of power throughout Germany 280–82, 290
socialists leave party 201
state elections (1932) 228, 230
tensions with SA 216–17
‘wilderness years’ 184–91
national-conservative group 823
nationalism: in Franconia 110
in Linz 9, 39–40
in Munich 82–3
pan-German 22, 37, 39–40, 47, 70, 151, 401
radical mystical 200
of Schönerer movement 22, 39–40
nationalization of the masses 80, 96, 322–3
Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellenorganisation (NSBO; National Socialist Factory Cell Organization) 288–9
Nationalsozialistische Freiheitsbewegung (NSFB; National Socialist Freedom Movement) 143–4, 162, 166
Naumann, Werner 872, 950
Nazi Party see National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP)
Nazi Students’ Federation 191
Neisse river 920
Neithardt, Georg 134, 135, 136
Nemmersdorf 879
Netherlands 557, 579, 633, 713, 961
Neudeck (Hindenburg family estate) 251, 306, 308, 317, 318
Neumann, Ernst 475
Neumann, Franz xxxviii
Neumann, Josef 32, 33, 40, 43
Neurath, Konstantin Freiherr von: and the Anschluß 402–3
and ‘Blood Law’ 346
and bombing of the Deutschland (1937) 384
and boycott of Jewish businesses 286
and collapse of Italy 761–2
and German expansionism 388, 390–91
and German withdrawal from League of Nations 298, 299
and H’s Reich Chancellery entourage 293
imprisonment 964–5
and Munich Agreement negotiations (1938) 444
and Polish non-aggression pact (1934) 331
and rearmament 335, 351, 352
remains at Foreign Ministry in H’s cabinet 254
replaced by Ribbentrop (1938) 398
‘retirement’ 685
‘New Order’ 632–5, 650–51, 654, 712–13, 775
New Templar Order 28
Nice 581
Niemöller, Martin 296
Nietzsche, Friedrich 145
‘Night of the Long Kniv
es’ (30 June 1934) 98, 249, 284, 309–16
Nijmegen 866, 892
Nikopol 775, 787, 788
Nile river 718
Nisko 574
NKVD (Soviet Security Police) 759
non-aggression pacts: Germany and Poland (1934) 298, 331, 483, 486
Germany and Soviet Union (1939) 496, 498–9, 500, 501, 502, 551, 580, 585, 621
Normandy 804, 805–6
North African campaign 591, 717–18, 727, 729–30, 731, 732–3, 736, 756–7, 760–61
North Wind, Operation 884–5
‘Northern Lights’ offensive 724
Norway 487, 551–3, 584, 633, 892, 944
November pogrom (1938) 455–69
NS-Hago (small traders’ organization) 340
NSBO see Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellenorganisation
NSFB see Nationalsozialistische Freiheitsbewegung
nuclear weapons 874
Nuremberg: Allied bombing of 753, 894
branch of Deutsche Werkgemeinschaft 101, 109
compared with Fürth 758
Deutscher Tag (‘German Day’) rally (1923) 123–4
Festhalle 241
Nazi Party rallies 110;
(1927) 174, 184–5;
(1929) 174, 194, 530;
(1933) 304;
(1934) 319;
(1935) 339, 344–5;
(1936) 361, 363, 364, 365, 368;
(1937) 378, 381, 383, 386;
(1938) 432, 434;
(1939; cancelled) 502
Nuremberg International Military Tribunal 616, 964
Nuremberg Laws 339, 342, 344–9
Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH) see German Army High Command
Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) see Wehrmacht High Command
Obersalzberg, near Berchtesgaden: Haus Wachenfeld 177, 218, 222, 327
H’s entourage at 325–6
H’s holidays (1920s) 176–7
H’s rooms 5, 325
H’s stay during summer of 1943 762–3
Platterhof hotel 116, 802 see also Berghof
Oder river 888, 891–2, 904, 908, 914, 920
Odessa 798
Oertzen, Hans Ulrich von 846
Offenbach, Jacques 41
Ohlau 237, 891
oil: Caucasus 590–91, 641, 653, 710–11, 721, 722–3
Hungarian 889, 898, 914
mineral-oil extraction 361
plants 801, 893
Romanian 487, 565, 581, 584, 604, 641, 642, 643, 646, 774–5, 801
Soviet supplies 638, 654, 712
synthetic 361, 365, 366, 889
Okamoto, Seigo 657
OKH (Oberkommando des Heeres) see German Army High Command
OKW (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht) see Wehrmacht High Command
Olbricht, Friedrich 820, 826, 829, 833, 834, 839, 840–41, 845
Oldenburg 222, 227, 230, 707