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Hitler

Page 141

by Ian Kershaw


  German occupation 644

  German plans to take 590, 629, 630, 636, 639, 642, 643

  Nazi atrocities 634–5, 674–5, 715, 826, 827

  and Poland 481, 516–17

  and Romania 619

  Ulex, Wilhelm 524, 525

  Ulm 804

  ‘Ultra’ decoder 761

  ‘unconditional surrender’ terms 754, 822, 959, 962–3

  unemployment 191, 196, 222, 261, 349, 372, 650 ‘Law for Reduction of Unemployment’ (1933) 270

  United Patriotic Associations (Vereinigte Vaterländische Verbände) 194

  United States of America: air-raids on Germany 801, 861, 894, 900–901

  and Allied assault on Germany 892–3, 908, 914, 919, 935, 961

  and Allied invasion 805–6, 808, 879

  American Jewry 576–7, 764, 862

  and Ardennes offensive 883, 884–5

  armaments programme 712

  arrival of American troops in European war 730

  atomic weapon research 874

  boycott of German goods 285, 286

  economic power of 184, 551

  enters war after Pearl Harbor (1941) 606–7, 656–8, 660

  German declaration of war against (11 December 1941) 658–60, 690, 693–4

  grant of destroyers to Britain 570–71, 580

  Himmler’s overtures to 860

  isolationism 551, 552, 571

  Jewish emigration to 463

  landing in Italy 769

  looming threat of 563, 571, 579, 580, 655, 702, 712

  naval power 563, 656, 712, 761

  Wall Street Crash (1929) 193, 195, 196

  universities: and alleged negative characteristics of Jews 451–2

  purges of 291–2

  Upper Silesia 266, 697, 709, 899, 911, 914

  Urbšys, Joseph 481

  Urfahr, Linz 14, 16–17

  USPD (Independent Social Democrats) 66–7, 69

  Ustasha Movement 607

  V1 flying bombs 791–2, 803, 806–7, 808, 809

  V2 rockets 791, 810, 873, 878

  Valencia 384

  Valkyrie, Operation 826–7, 829, 833–41, 846

  van der Lubbe, Marinus 274

  Vatican 290, 295, 769, 776

  VB see Völkischer Beobachter

  Veesenmeyer, Edmund 795, 876, 877

  vegetarianism 160, 212, 214, 380, 625, 720

  Veldenstein, near Nuremberg 612

  venereal disease 23

  Venezuela 453

  Verdi, Giuseppe 20, 21

  Verdun 107

  Vereinigte Vaterländische Verbände (United Patriotic Associations) 194

  Versailles Treaty (1919): breaches of 334, 338

  concessions on 298

  Erzberger and 86–7

  H’s attacks on 89, 90, 93, 353

  H’s desire to overthrow 151

  and Memelland 475

  and Polish Corridor 470

  provides basis for H’s demands 511

  revision of 331, 350, 420

  and Saarland 332

  Viaz’ma 649

  Vichy government 561, 578, 579, 580–83

  Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy 762, 768, 769

  Vienna: antisemitism in 24, 32, 37, 42–3

  Central Cemetery 221

  coup attempt (1944) 841

  Court Opera House 19, 20

  deportation of Jews 574, 575, 595, 686, 687, 689, 691

  H first visits (1906/7) 13–15

  Heldenplatz 413

  H’s hatred for 7, 47–8

  H’s indolent lifestyle in 16–20

  H’s triumphant arrival after Anschluß 413–14

  Jewish community 32, 40–41, 42–3, 415–16, 464

  Meidling hostel 30–31

  Men’s Home, Meldemannstraße 22, 29, 31–4, 40–41, 43–5, 50

  middle-class morality 23

  multi-lingualism 27

  Nazi terror wave 415–16, 450, 452

  Popular Opera House 21

  population 401

  prostitution 23–4

  Red Army takes 918, 919

  ‘Reich Theatre Week’ 490

  St Maria am Gestade church 19

  St Stephen’s cathedral 19

  Schloß Belvedere 603

  sixth district 25

  Vienna Academy of Fine Arts 13, 14, 19–20, 26

  Vienna Conservatoire 19, 20

  Vienna State Opera 710–711

  Vilna 626, 671, 814

  Vimy 58

  Vinnitsa 720, 752

  Vistula river 499, 517, 521, 575, 868, 888–9, 891

  Vitebsk 810, 811

  Vogel, Werner 830

  Vögler, Albert 243

  Volga Germans 683–4

  Volga river 630, 683, 719, 722, 723

  Volkdeutsche 153

  völkisch movement: adulation of H 78, 136, 156, 292

  and Einsatzgruppen 618

  factionalism 132–3, 139–42, 143–4, 145, 156, 162, 164–6, 185

  in Franconia 110, 132–3

  and genocide 149

  and ‘heroic-leader’ idea 157, 185

  H’s scorn for völkisch sects 29

  H’s supremacy in 194

  loses figurehead of Ludendorff 165–6

  in Munich 81–2, 84, 95, 121, 132–3, 136

  and National Socialism 81

  and Otto Dickel 101

  in Thuringia 163

  Völkischer Beobachter (VB; newspaper): and assassination attempt (1939) 546

  bought by NSDAP 95

  and car-ownership 271

  and Führer cult 111

  funding of 100, 117, 118

  and German Workers’ Party mass meeting 87

  H’s contributions 97, 99, 162, 180, 217, 225

  and H’s leadership of NSDAP 103–4

  lifting of ban on (1925) 162

  and Mein Kampf 147

  and Otto Dickel 101

  and refounding of NSDAP 162

  and Reichstag fire (1933) 276

  renaming of 82

  and Strasser’s resignation of party offices 248

  and Wall Street Crash 196

  Völkischer Block 132–3, 141–2, 144, 164, 190

  Volksauto 271

  Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz (Ethnic German Self-Protection) 519

  Volksgemeinschaft (‘national community’) 182, 198, 203–4, 272, 323, 327

  Volkssturm (people’s militia) 858–9, 860, 925, 934, 937

  Volkswagen 490 ‘People’s Car’ 628

  Volkswehr (People’s Defence) 858

  Voronezh 719

  Voß, Erich 939, 941

  Vyschinsky, Andrei 845

  Waffen-SS 397, 618, 759, 769–70, 891, 913

  Wagener, Otto 210–11, 213

  Wagner family 490

  Wagner, Adolf 278, 310, 457

  Wagner, Eduard 520, 638, 651, 843, 846

  Wagner, Gerhard 344–5, 347, 530–31

  Wagner, Richard: and Bayreuth 116

  effect of music on H 160

  and ‘great men’ theory 157

  H’s admiration for 11, 12, 20–21, 33, 115, 157, 701, 710, 800

  Wagnerian redeemer-figure 851

  The Flying Dutchman 13, 490

  Götterdämmerung 490, 566

  Lohengrin 12, 20

  Rienzi 491

  Tristan and Isolde 13, 490

  The Valkyrie 490

  Wagner, Robert 578

  Wagner, Siegfried 116, 376

  Wagner, Walter 948

  Wagner, Winifred 116, 194, 218, 376, 491

  Wahrmund, Adolf 91

  Wall Street Crash (1929) 193, 195, 196

  Walter, Bruno 709–10

  Wannsee 690, 829, 920

  Wannsee Conference (January 1942) 690, 695, 696–7

  Warburg (bank) 451

  Warlimont, Walter 567–8, 599, 602, 624

  Warm Springs, Georgia 918

  Warmbold, Hermann 232

  Warsaw: German forces evacuate 890
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  ghetto 579, 759, 764, 965

  Ribbentrop visits (January 1939) 475

  rising (1944) 868

  shelling of 516, 557

  Soviet advance on 811, 888

  Warthegau 517, 526–7, 575, 677, 681–2, 688–9, 776, 890, 891, 894

  Weber, Christian 97–8

  Weber, Friedrich 134, 135

  Weber, Max xxviii-xxix

  Wedekind, Frank 23

  ‘Weekend Crisis’ (20–22 May 1938) 426–7

  Wehrmacht: and the Anschluß 410–11

  Ardennes offensive 884

  atrocities in Poland 523

  backing of genocidal programme 668, 672

  ban on intermarriage 343

  and Battle of Britain 570

  and battle for Stalingrad 737

  ‘Case Green’ 418

  ‘Case X’ 384

  and deportation of Jews 595, 668, 670, 690

  directive for liquidation of Czechoslovakia (21 October 1938) 473

  drive for Moscow and Leningrad 639, 648, 649, 702

  establishment of 305, 335–6

  H takes over leadership 397–8, 422–3, 498

  H’s proclamation (March 1945) 910

  invasion of Soviet Union 600–601, 623, 626, 635, 749

  last report 963

  losses 711, 749, 861, 867

  occupation of Italy 773

  and opening of Eastern Front 567–8, 589, 598

  and Operation Bagration 811

  and Operation Citadel 774

  proclamation on H’s death 959

  rearmament 384, 386

  and Soviet counter-offensives 879, 889–90

  spring offensive (1942) 710–11

  and SS 519, 523–4, 671–2, 673–4

  and V1 attacks 807

  weakness in organization 809

  winter crisis on Eastern Front (1941–2) 662 see also German army; Reichswehr

  Wehrmacht High Command (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht; OKW): aligned with genocidal programme 672, 699 and Allied invasion 804, 813

  Ardennes offensive 881

  battle for Stalingrad 727

  change of command (June 1944) 813–14

  flawed communications with armed forces 553–4, 755, 804

  and German surrender 962, 963

  and occupation of Italy 772

  and Operation Barbarossa 600–601, 626–7, 645, 646–8

  and Operation Citadel 755, 756, 766

  Operations Staff 604, 607, 624, 636, 638, 766, 772

  spring offensive (1942) 711

  transfer to new headquarters (April 1945) 924, 930, 937, 953

  weakness 788, 809

  winter crisis on Eastern Front (1941–42) 652

  Weichs, Freiherr Maximilian von 525, 727, 728, 734

  Weidling, Helmuth 934, 939, 941, 952, 953, 954, 959

  Weilheim 877

  Weimar: conferences 143

  party rally (July 1926) 172–3, 174, 180

  Weimar Republic: Constitution 199, 235, 252–3, 255, 276, 278

  crisis-ridden 110

  democracy 98, 178, 192, 199, 226

  disintegration of 206, 222, 224, 226, 230–31, 258, 262

  Ebert’s presidency 165

  economic crisis 190–92, 372

  electoral system 277

  fall of Müller administration 199

  ‘golden years’ 190

  Hindenburg elected President 165

  H’s public attacks 202, 206

  protest movements 196, 209

  relations with Soviet Union 331

  self-destructiveness 199

  unique circumstances allowing H’s rise to power 256–9

  welfare state 191

  Weiß, Rudolf 952

  Weizsäcker, Ernst von: ambassador to Switzerland 331

  appoints von Etzdorf 536

  and declaration of war on United States 659

  on H’s absence from Berlin 492

  and H’s Czech policy 418, 426, 430, 439, 477

  and Molotov 584

  and Munich Agreement negotiations (1938) 435, 439, 442, 444

  and opening of Eastern Front 566

  and opening of Western Front 541

  opposition to H 542

  and Polish crisis (1939) 500–501

  and Polish non-aggression pact (1934) 331

  and Soviet non-aggression pact (1939) 488, 489

  and Spain 582

  Welczek, Johannes von 433

  Wels, Otto 282, 289

  Weltpolitik 154

  Wenck, Walther 891, 927, 930, 931, 934, 935, 939–40, 941–2, 946, 952, 953

  Wendt, Hans Friedrich 206, 208

  Werwolf (Führer Headquarters) 720, 723, 725, 752

  Werwolf (quasi-guerrilla organization) 917

  Wesel 892, 893

  ‘Weser Exercise’ (‘Weserübing’) 552–4

  West Prussia 519, 522

  Westerplatte peninsula 508

  Westphalia 918

  ‘Westwall’ 424–5, 427, 431, 702, 879, 882

  White Book (British government) 333–4

  ‘White Rose’ opposition-group 740–41

  Wiedemann, Fritz 54, 324–5, 326, 340, 356, 375, 393, 397

  Wikingbund 120

  Wilhelm II, Kaiser 731

  Wilhelmshaven 704

  Willikens, Werner 320, 321, 323

  Wilson, Sir Horace 439–40, 441, 444, 509–10

  Windau (Ventspils), Latvia 499

  ‘Winter Aid’ campaign 395, 648, 665, 728

  Winter Olympics, Garmisch-Partenkirchen (1936) 348, 351

  Wirth, Joseph 98

  Wittenberg 935

  Witzleben, Erwin von 544, 834, 846, 847–8

  Wochensprüche (Weekly Maxims) 681

  Wöhrden 191–2

  Wolf (dog) 145

  Wolf (puppy) 903, 923

  Wolf, Hugo 701

  Wolf, Johanna 923, 925

  Wolf, Karl Hermann 32

  Wolf, Paula (née Hitler; H’s sister) 3, 5–6, 10, 14, 15, 16, 34

  Wolff, Karl 465, 961

  wolfram 863

  Wolf’s Lair (Wolfsschanze; Führer Headquarters) 624–6, 700–701, 720, 736, 742, 748, 792–3, 814–15, 829, 833, 850, 879–80, 881

  women: conscription for work 749, 857

  H’s attitude towards 12–13, 22–3, 55, 175, 212, 218–19, 325, 378

  work-creation schemes 266, 270

  Workers’ Committee for a Good Peace 82

  working classes: H’s sense of superiority to 36

  in Munich 82, 92

  and national socialism 167

  ‘racial inferiority’ of English lower class 692

  Social Democracy and 36

  support for Nazi Party 205

  ‘Working Community of the North- and West-German Gaue of the NSDAP’ 168–9, 170, 171, 201

  ‘Working Community of the Patriotic Fighting Associations’ (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Vaterländischen Kampfverbände) 120

  ‘working towards the Führer’ concept xxix–xxx, xl, 262, 320–23, 360, 368, 371, 383, 421–2, 451, 463, 515, 526, 534, 572, 676, 711, 757, 792, 965

  working-class movement 36, 274

  World Disarmament Conference (Geneva, 1932–34) 254, 297–300

  World Economic Conference (London, 1933) 290

  Wriezen 908

  Wuppertal-Barmen 762

  Württemberg 227–8, 278

  Würzburg 894

  Yalta Conference (1945) 893, 904

  Yorck von Wartenburg, Peter Graf 823–4, 846, 847

  Young, Owen D. 193

  Young Plan 183, 193, 196, 198, 199

  Ypres 53, 58

  Yugoslavia 487, 585, 603–5, 607–8, 609–10, 961

  Z-Plan 471, 550

  Zagreb 607

  Zakreys, Frau (Viennese landlady) 18, 19, 21, 26

  Zander, Wilhelm 952

  Zaporozhye 772, 774

  Zeitz, Thuringia 100, 102

  Zeitzler, Kurt: and battle for Stalingrad 728, 729, 733, 73
4, 737

  dismissal 814

  and dismissal of Manstein 797

  doubts H’s word 786

  nervous breakdown 813–14

  and Operation Bagration 810

  and Operation Citadel 756, 766

  promoted to General of the Infantry 726

  Zentrum: Brüning and 199

  dissolution 290

  and Enabling Act (1933) 263, 281–2

  possible coalition with NSDAP 238, 263

  Reichstag elections 204–5, 232, 241–2, 277

  support of democracy 258

  and vote of no confidence in government 240

  weakness of 198

  Zhukov, Georgi 888, 892, 920, 934, 935, 958, 963

  Ziegenberg 882, 888, 894

  Zionism 43, 330, 453

  Zitomir 623

  Zoppot 516

  Zossen 536, 542, 543, 605, 895, 920

  Zurich 118

  Zyklon-B (poison gas) 687

 

 

 


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