detective investigation of, 285
dissension within, 366
Dixon novel about, 234–35
elections of 1868 and, 230
elections of 1872 and, 285, 289
Enforcement Acts and, 278
expansion of, 364–65
federal troops arrest of, 279, 282
fiery cross as symbol of, 364
Grant and, 279, 281–83, 285, 289, 314, 362
habeas corpus and, 282–83
immigrants and, 364, 365, 366
Jews and, 364, 365, 366
Johnson and, 232
Justice Department and, 279, 289
leadership of, 364–66
media and, 222–23, 229, 230, 285
membership of, 230, 366
night-riding of, 222, 223, 228–29
official pennant of, 224
organization and purpose of, 221–24
photograph about, 274
public views about, 366
Radical Republicans and, 224, 280, 285
recruitment for, 224, 229, 364, 365, 369
reputation of, 229
secrecy within, 224, 229, 230
as threatening members of Congress, 277–78
titles in, 222, 224
in twentieth century, 364–66
voting rights and, 224
women and, 365
See also specific person or state
labor issues, 69–70, 144–45, 199, 205, 211, 293, 328, 359, 360
Lamar, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus, 323, 340, 362
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Stevens’ speech in, 131–32, 135
land policies, 79, 114–15, 129–30, 131–32, 134, 135, 276, 290, 293, 296
Lane, James, 214, 215
Lee, Robert E.
amnesty for, 88–89
and Antietam, 21–22
and battle of Appomattox, 173
at Cold Harbor, 23
and Confederate emancipation proclamation, 61
Davis and, 180
death of, 287
at Fredericksburg, 23
Grant and, 240, 246, 247
and Grant’s evaluation of West Point graduates, 240
horse of, 3
and Lincoln’s assassination, 89
McClellan and, 166
photograph of, 89
strategy and tactics of, 21–22
surrender at Appomattox of, 1, 3, 28, 53, 247, 273
as Washington College president, 287
as West Point superintendent, 103
Legate, James, 217–18
Lewis, J. B., 303
Liberal Republicans
amnesty and, 319, 320
civil rights and, 321–22
elections of 1872 and, 290–91, 296, 297, 304, 308, 309, 340–41
elections of 1876 and, 340
Hayes and, 331–32
land policies and, 290
platform of, 290
race issues and, 340–41
Reconstruction and, 297
See also specific person
Liberia, black settlement in, 283
Library of Congress, 163
Lincoln, Abraham
assassination of, 1–3, 25, 53–54, 62, 78, 89–90, 93, 97–98, 105, 117, 176, 179, 329
cabinet of, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 84, 164–65, 167–68
congressional relations with, 75
corruption allegations against, 293
Dixon’s novel and, 234
Douglas debates with, 39–40
elections of 1848 and, 127
elections of 1860 and, 39, 40, 41, 58, 74, 81, 110, 128, 203, 334
elections of 1864 and, 46–47, 75, 81, 82, 194, 227, 295
funeral and burial of, 91
Grant and, 2, 237, 243, 245–46
Hayes and, 328, 329
inauguration of, 19
Johnson and, 86
and legitimacy of state governments, 147
plan for kidnapping of, 49, 50, 92, 98
pocket veto of, 74–75
post–Civil War vision of, 117, 165, 168
preservation of Union views of, 3, 18–19, 47, 85, 128
presidential powers of, 43, 61, 280, 335
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction of, 74
reputation of, 39
safety of, 43
second inauguration of, 81, 82–83, 84, 85–86, 118, 122
Senate and, 44
speeches of, 40, 43, 46, 47, 295
trials of defendants in assassination of, 95–101
See also specific person or topic
Lincoln, Mary Todd, 1, 20, 45, 85, 90, 117, 203
Lincoln Memorial, King’s “I have a dream” speech at, 370
Lincoln, Thomas “Tad,” 96
Lincoln, Todd, 117
literacy tests, 260, 363
Little Big Horn, Battle of, 339
Little Blue River, Battle of, 214
Little, Rock, Arkansas, 368
Long, Jefferson, 305
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 8, 11, 16, 150, 151, 321
Longstreet, James “Pete,” 239, 241, 242, 246, 254, 314
Louisiana
Black Codes in, 109, 147
black office holders in, 354
black vote in, 78, 112, 147, 256–57, 348–49
bribery in, 301–2, 303
and Colfax confrontation, 312–14
congressional investigations in, 302, 348
congressional representatives from, 146–47, 301
constitution for, 112, 147, 174–75, 254–55
corruption in, 301–2
elections of 1864 and, 81
elections of 1868 and, 255, 256–57
elections of 1876 in, 344, 346, 348–49, 351, 358
Enforcement Acts and, 303
federal troops in, 256, 314, 348
Fifteenth Amendment and, 341
Fourteenth Amendment, 256
Freedmen’s Bureau in, 112, 113–14
Grant and, 314, 315, 323, 353–54
Jim Crow laws in, 362
Johnson and, 146, 147, 148–49
and Lincoln’s attempts at reconciliation, 75
patronage in, 302–3
readmission of, 112, 117, 256
reconstituting state government in, 147–49
Reconstruction in, 88
segregation in, 308, 360
and slaughterhouse rulings (1873), 356
Ten Percent Plan and, 75
Union Republican Party in, 146–47
voting rights in, 112
withdrawal of federal troops from, 353–55
See also New Orleans, Louisiana; specific person
Louisiana Purchase, 286
Lowell, James Russell, 290
Loyal League, 230
loyalty oaths, 170, 260
Lucy, Autherine, 368, 369
Manassas, Battle at, 60
Mardi Gras, New Orleans, 308
marriage
of blacks, 40, 107, 256
See also miscegenation laws
Marsh, Jordan, 261
Maryland, 22, 159, 299, 305
The Masked Lady of the White House (anonymous), 285
Mason, Alice. See Sumner, Alice Mason Hooper
Mason, George, 173
Masons, 29, 32, 127, 228, 365
Maxwell House (Nashville hotel), supremacist group meeting at, 223–24, 228
McClellan, George, 21–22, 23, 47, 81, 166–67, 203, 295, 335
McDonald, John A., 290
Mechanic’s Institute (New Orleans), and Louisiana constitutional convention, 147, 254–55
media
and Alaska purchase, 177
censorship of, 43
Davis and, 94
Grant and, 186, 253–54, 268, 348
impeachment of Johnson and, 191, 207
Johnson and, 155, 159, 171–72, 217
KKK and, 222–23, 229, 230, 285
and National Colored Convention, 309
Stevens and, 23
4
Sumner and, 130
and trial of defendants in Lincoln assassination, 96
See also specific journalist or organization
Medill, Joseph, 44
“Meeting of Free Colored Citizens,” Pinchback’s address at, 73
Memphis, Tennessee, riots in, 143–44, 145, 295
Menard, John Willis, 255, 304, 305
Mencken, H. L., 365
Meredith, James, 369
Methodist clergyman story, Lincoln’s, 165
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 334
Mexican War, 2, 7, 9, 35, 56, 69, 162, 240–41, 244, 293
Michigan, black vote in, 206, 233
Miles, Nelson A., 94
Military Academy, U.S. See West Point
military, U.S.
end of discrimination in, 367
funding for, 340, 354
Johnson’s attempt to curtail power of, 170
pay in, 295
powers of, 173–74
rumors about coup d’etat by, 192
See also Army, U.S.
Miller, Frances. See Seward, Frances Miller
minstrel shows, 362
miscegenation laws, 360–61
Mississippi
amnesty in, 307
Black Codes in, 109, 133
black vote in, 341, 360
civil rights movement in, 371
congressional representatives from, 305, 306, 355
Davis as governor of, 57
Grant and, 270
Humphreys election as governor of, 133
Jim Crow laws in, 368, 369
Johnson’s gubernatorial appointment in, 88
KKK in, 282, 289, 365
readmission of, 270
Reconstruction Acts in, 206
schools in, 113
secession of, 43, 58, 307–8, 323
segregation in, 360, 368, 369
Thirteenth Amendment and, 25, 121, 133
White Knights in, 371
white supremacy in, 360
Missouri, 22, 232, 299
Mobile Bay, Battle of, 154
monetary policy, 259–68, 316, 332, 342
Monroe, James, 55
Monroe, John, 147, 148–49
Morgan, Edwin, 93, 139
Morgan, J. Pierpont, 356
Morgan v. Virginia, 367
Morgan, William, 29
Morris, Isaac, 248
Morris, Thomas, 239
Morton, Oliver, 281
Moses, Adolph, 248
Motley, John Lothrop, 270–71
Mount Holyoke College, 18
Mudd, Samuel, 49–50, 91, 95, 97, 99, 101
Mumford, William B., 72
“Naboth’s Vineyard” speech, Sumner’s, 272
Nash, Christopher Columbus, 313
Nast, Thomas, 305, 321, 336
Nation magazine, 130, 149, 316, 338
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 363, 369
National Board of Censorship, 363
National Colored Convention (1872), 308–9
National Institute of Arts and Letters, 365
Navy Department, U.S., 135
Nebraska, 37, 171, 204
Nelson, Samuel, 205–6
Nelson, Thomas, 216
New Mexico, 37
New Orleans, Battle of, 68
New Orleans, Louisiana
banking system in, 76
Banks as commander in, 76, 77–78
blacks in, 76, 77–78, 146–47
Butler’s capture and command of, 71–73, 76–77, 87
Emancipation Proclamation and, 22
Grant and riots in, 148–49
Johnson and riots in, 154
Mardi Gras in, 308
Mechanics’ Institute convention (1866) in, 147–49
riots in, 147–49, 154, 295
schools in, 113
segregation in, 73, 256
senate panel inquiry about voting in, 348–49
“Thugs” in, 147
White Leagues in, 314
withdrawal of federal troops from, 354–55
See also specific person
New Radicals, 269–70. See also specific person
New York City
Davis in, 180
Grant home in, 356
riots and protests in, 144–45, 248, 295
See also Tammany Hall
New York Herald, 155, 157, 159, 234, 267, 349
New York Historical Society, 334
New York State, elections in, 248, 341, 342, 354
New York Sun, 217, 253, 267–68, 297, 298, 353
New York Times
comments about Stevens in, 234
Corbin article about money policy in, 264
elections of 1876 and, 343, 346–47
and Emancipation Proclamation, 66
and Grant’s 1868 campaign, 247
Grant’s apology to Jews in, 249
and Howard’s appoint to Freedmen’s Bureau, 105
and Johnson’s comments about impeachment trial, 216–17
Moses’ letter to, 248
and New Orleans riots, 149
Raymond’s editorial about Johnson in, 155, 159
and shift in nation’s mood, 324
Tammany Hall stories in, 336, 337
and Thomas as replacement for Stanton, 190–91
New York Tribune
Battle of Shiloh story in, 291
and Carolina schools, 113
Crédit Mobilier scandal and, 298
elections of 1872 and, 290–91
fire at, 292
Fuller articles in, 292
Grant criticisms in, 315
Greeley as editor of, 180
Greeley’s loss of, 299
journalists for, 296
KKK stories in, 283
launching of, 291–92
and Louisiana violence, 314–15
popularity of, 294
protests/riots at, 295
Sumner stories in, 11
Wade comments in, 204
Wade-Davis Manifesto in, 75
New York World, 166, 177, 210, 253–54, 285, 366
Nicholls, Francis, 354–55
Nordhoff, Charles, 171–72
North American Review, 298
North Carolina
Black Codes in, 109
Greeley’s land purchases in, 296
Holden as governor of, 88, 118
Johnson’s gubernatorial appointment for, 118
Johnson’s pardons in, 119
KKK in, 230, 279, 282
schools in, 113
segregation in, 360, 369–70
sit-ins in, 369
North Dakota, KKK in, 366
Northern Pacific Railroad, 298
Oberlin College, Wade’s defense of, 201
O’Connor, Charles, 337
Ohio
Black Codes in, 200–201
blacks in, 195
Chase as governor of, 195
elections in, 248, 341
miscegenation and segregation laws in, 361
taxes in, 331
See also specific person
Oklahoma, 361
O’Laughlen, Michael, 50, 92, 95, 96, 98, 100–101
Oregon, 231, 346, 347
Ostrander, Catherine, 30
Our American Cousin (play), 90
Owen, Robert Dale, 145
Packard, Stephen, 353–54
pardons, 118–19, 120, 170, 204, 228, 319. See also amnesty
Parker, Ely S., 254
patronage, 218–19, 231–32, 302–3, 308. See also spoils system
Patterson, David, 206
Patterson, James W., 299
Payne, Lewis. See Powell, Lewis Thornton
Pennsylvania, 233, 248, 366
Phagan, Mary, 364
Philadelphia, Mississippi, murders in, 371
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Grant’s home in, 156, 253
Phillips, Wendell, 138, 155, 323–24<
br />
Pierce, Franklin, 10, 57, 58
Pillow, Gideon, 244
Pinchback, Pinckney Benton Stewart “Pinch”
as acting governor of Louisiana, 304, 308
in Alabama, 174
attack on, 255–56
black equality and, 304
and blacks in Union Army, 78
bribery and, 301–2, 303, 308
civil rights and, 175, 254–55, 301
and congressional investigation of graft in Louisiana, 302
congressional seating of, 355
death of, 355
early jobs of, 67
and education issues, 304
education of, 66
elections of 1868 and, 255, 256
elections of 1872 and, 304, 308–9
Enforcement Acts and, 303
family/personal background of, 66, 67, 78
as first black governor, 304, 308
Fugitive Slave Law and, 200
as gambler, 67
Grant and, 302–3, 308, 309
influence of, 255
Johnson and, 78
Keppard’s attack on, 68
land office appointment of, 254, 257
as lieutenant governor of Louisiana, 303–4
and Louisiana constitutional convention, 174–75, 254–55
in Louisiana senate, 301
loyalty of, 315
as park commissioner, 301
photograph of, 64
political ambitions of, 309
political career of, 255, 257
and postwar planning, 78
in prison, 68
on Republican Party executive committee, 175
reputation of, 175
resignation of military commission of, 73
return to New Orleans of, 174
rumors and scandals about, 67
and segregation in New Orleans, 73
Senate bid of, 301
speeches of, 73, 174–75
Sumner and, 309
in Union Army, 68, 73
voting rights and, 255
Warmoth and, 175, 301, 302, 303, 304
Pinchback, Pinckney Napoleon (son), 304
Pinkston, Eliza, 348–49
“Plain Counsel” (Fisk brochure), 107
Plessy v. Ferguson, 358, 367
Poe, Edgar Allan, 55
Polk, James K., 7, 35, 57
poll taxes, 260, 363
Pomeroy, Samuel, 79, 218
Porter, David, 77
Post Office Department, U.S., 253
Potts, John, 186–87
Powell, Lewis Thornton, 47–50, 48, 51, 86, 92–93, 96, 98, 100, 157
preservation of the Union
and conditions for Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, 3
Davis and, 58
elections of 1864 and, 47
Greeley and, 294
Hayes and, 341
Johnson and, 81–82
Lincoln and, 3, 18–19, 47, 85, 128
Seward and, 128, 130
Stevens and, 128
Sumner and, 18–19, 130
presidency
appointments of, 172
Grant’s views about, 237–38
Hayes’ views about, 359
powers, 43, 61, 172, 173, 179, 280, 282–83
salary of, 311
After Lincoln Page 47