by Lucy Inglis
23. Selma Tibi, The Medicinal Use of Opium in Ninth-Century Baghdad (Brill, 2006), p.29.
24. Islamic Medical Association of North America Ethics Committee, 2005, Publication 2, p.2.
25. Du Huan, Jinxing Ji, cited by X. Liu, The Silk Road in World History (Oxford, 2010), p.101.
26. Saeed Changizi Ashtiyani, Mohsen Shamsi, Ali Cyrus and Seyed Mohammad Tabatabayei, ‘Rhazes, a Genius Physician in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis in Medical History’, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, August 2013, 15(8), pp.633–8.
27. Paul Barash et al., Clinical Anaesthesia (7th edn., Lippincott, 2013), p.5.
28. Cyril Elgood, A Medical History of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate (Cambridge University Press, 2010), p.298.
29. Tyler M. Muffly, Anthony P. Tizzano, and Mark D. Walters, ‘The history and evolution of sutures in pelvic surgery’, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, March 2011, 104 (3), pp.107–12.
30. Elgood, p.299.
31. Yassar Mustafa, ‘Avicenna the Anaesthetist’, AAGBI History of Anaesthesia Prize Submission (March, 2014), pp.1–16.
32. Elgood, p.299.
33. Kapoor, p.3.
34. Avicenna, quoted in Mojtaba Heydari, Mohammad Hashem Hashempur and Arman Zargaran, ‘Medicinal Aspects Of Opium As Described In Avicenna’s Canon Of Medicine’, Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica 11 (1) (2013), p.109.
35. Avicenna, Canon of Medicine (London, 1930), p.717.
36. Lenn Evan Goodman, Avicenna (Cornell University Press, 2006), pp.43–4.
37. Andrew Crislip, ‘A Coptic Request for Materia Medica’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Bd. 157 (2006), p.165.
38. Charles Thomas, Christianity in Roman Britain to AD 500 (University of California Press, 1981), p.197.
39. Diodorus Siculus, quoted in Jacob G. Ghazarian, The Mediterranean legacy in early Celtic Christianity: a journey from Armenia to Ireland (Bennett & Bloom, 2006), p.49.
40. H. J. Edwards (trans.), Caesar: The Gallic War (Heinemann, 1909), pp.109–11.
41. Quoted in Wilbur Fisks Crafts, Intoxicants & opium in all lands and times (International Reform Bureau, 1900), p.283.
42. John H. Harvey, ‘Garden Plants of Moorish Spain: A Fresh Look’, Garden History, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Spring, 1992), pp.71–82.
43. Pernille Rohde Sloth, Ulla Lund Hansen and Sabine Karg, ‘Viking Age garden plants from southern Scandinavia – diversity, taphonomy and cultural aspects’, Danish Journal of Archaeology, 1:1, pp.30–1.
44. Corpus Hippocraticum, quoted in Peter McDonald, Oxford Dictionary of Medical Quotations (Oxford University Press, 2004), p.47.
45. Piers D. Mitchell, Medicine in the Crusades: Warfare, Wounds and the Medieval Surgeon (Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp.12, 32.
46. Quoted in Conor Kostick, The Social Structure of the First Crusade (Brill, 2008), p.89.
47. M. Chibnall (trans.) and Orderic Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis (Clarendon Press, 1968–80), Vol. V, pp.80–1.
48. Mitchell, pp.120–2.
49. William of Tyre, Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum, XIX, 23, Patrologia Latina 201, 770–1, trans. James Brundage, The Crusades: A Documentary History (Marquette University Press, 1962), pp.136–8.
50. Richard Swiderski, Poison Eaters: Snakes, Opium, Arsenic, and the Lethal Show (Universal, 2010), p.63.
51. Mitchell, pp.232–5.
52. Ibid., p.19.
53. T. S. Miller, ‘The Knights of St John and the Hospitallers of the Latin west’, Speculum, No. 53, pp.709–33.
54. Ibid.
55. Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Knights Hospitaller in the Levant, c.1070–1309 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), p.72.
56. J. Prawer, The World of the Crusades (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1972), p.119.
57. Monica H. Green, The Trotula: A Medieval Compendium of Women’s Medicine (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001), p.103.
58. Borgognoni, quoted in Mitchell, p.200.
59. E. Campbell and J. Colton (trans.), Theodoric Borgognoni, The Surgery of Theodoric, ca. AD 1267 (Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1955–60), Vol. 2, p.135.
60. Lluís Cifuentes, ‘Vernacularization as an Intellectual and Social Bridge. The Catalan Translations of Teodorico’s “Chirurgia” and of Arnau De Vilanova’s “Regimen Sanitatis”’, Early Science and Medicine, Vol. 4, No. 2 (1999), pp.127–48.
61. Luca Mocarelli, ‘The guilds reappraised: Italy in the Early Modern period’, delivered at the Return of the Guilds Utrecht, Utrecht University, 5–7 October 2006, p.10.
62. Henry Yule (trans.), The Book of Ser Marco Polo (John Murray, 1903), pp.140–142.
63. Bruce Lincoln, ‘An Early Moment in the Discourse of “Terrorism”: Reflections on a Tale from Marco Polo’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 48, No. 2 (April 2006), p.246.
64. Gabriel G. Nahas, M.D., ‘Hashish In Islam 9th To 18th Century’, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Vol.58, No.9 (1982), pp.814–31.
65. Frances Wood, Did Marco Polo Ever Go To China? (Avalon, 1998).
66. Yule (trans.), pp.158–9.
67. Christiane Nockels Fabbri, ‘Treating Medieval Plague: The Wonderful Virtues of Theriac’, Early Science and Medicine, Vol. 12, No. 3 (2007), p.257.
68. Ibid., p.260.
69. Barry Stow Architect Ltd and Associates, ‘A Conservation and Management Plan For Merton Priory and Merton Abbey Mills’, The Merton Priory Trust and the London Borough of Merton (August 2006), p.40.
70. Daniel Poore, David Score and Anne Dodd, Excavations at No. 4A Merton St., Merton College, Oxford: The Evolution of a Medieval stone house and tenement and an early college property (Oxoniensia, 2006), p.229.
71. Christine Winter, ‘Prisons and Punishments in Late Medieval London’, PhD dissertation, University of London Royal Holloway, University of London (2012), p.88.
72. Louis Sanford Goodman, Alfred Goodman Gilman, Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacologie Basis of Therapeutics (11th edn, Macmillan, 2006), p.50.
73. Sherman M. Kuhn (ed.), Middle English Dictionary (University of Ann Arbor, 1980), p.238.
74. De corporis humani fabrica libri septum, Syndics of Cambridge University Library (MS Dd.6.29, f79r-v).
75. William D. Sharpe (trans.), Isidore of Seville, The Medical Writings (American Philosophical Society, 1964), 54, part 2, p.62.
76. https://www.measuringworth.com.
77. D’Arcy Power (ed.), John of Arderne, Treatises of Fistula in ano, haemorrhoids and clysters (Kegan Paul, 1910), p.101.
78. Katharine Park, ‘The Criminal and the Saintly Body: Autopsy and Dissection in Renaissance Italy’, Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 1 (Spring, 1994), pp.8–9.
79. Yule (trans.), p.xcix.
80. Falloppio quoted in Park, p.20.
81. David Jayne Hill, A history of diplomacy in the international development of Europe, Vol. 2 (Longman’s, 1924), p.268.
Chapter Three: The Silver Triangle and the Creation of Hong Kong
1. Jin Wu, Zheng He’s Voyages of Discovery, 600th Anniversary Lecture, UCLA Asia Institute, 12 April 2005.
2. Ibid.
3. Christopher Columbus, The Journal of Christopher Columbus (During His First Voyage, 1492–3) (Cambridge University Press, 2010), p.41.
4. Robert S. Wolff, ‘de Gama’s Blundering: Trade Encounters in Africa and Asia During the European Age of Discovery 1450–1520’, The History Teacher, Vol.31, No.3 (May 1998), p.297.
5. Quoted in Kevin H. O’Rourke and Jeffrey G. Williamson, ‘Did Vasco da Gama Matter to European Markets?’, Economic History Review, 62, 3 (2009), p.655.
6. Ibid., p.657.
7. Gonçalo Gil Barbosa, quoted in Sanjay Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama (Cambridge University Press, 1997), p.233.
8. Mansel Longworth Dames (trans.), The Book Of Duarte Barbosa Vol. 1 (Hakluyt Society, 1918), p.34.
<
br /> 9. Ibid., p.38.
10. Armando Cortesao (trans.), The Suma Oriental of Tomé Pires (Hakluyt Society, 1944), p.xxiv.
11. Ibid., p.159.
12. Ibid., p.213.
13. Bartolomé de las Casas, quoted in Peter Frankopan, The Silk Roads (Bloomsbury, 2015), p.209.
14. Fernão Lopes de Castanheda, quoted in Manoel Cardozo, ‘The Idea of History in the Portuguese Chroniclers of the Age of Discovery’, Catholic Historical Review, Vol. 49, No. 1 (April 1963), p.7.
15. Cortesao (trans.), p.228.
16. F. W. Mote, Imperial China, 900–1800 (Harvard University Press, 1999), p.745.
17. A. Kobata, ‘The Production and Uses of Gold and Silver in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Japan’, Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 18, No. 2 (1965), p.247.
18. Dennis O’Flynn and Arturo Giraldez, ‘Cycles of Silver: Global Economic Unity through the mid-eighteenth century’, Journal of World History, Vol.13, No.2 (Fall, 2002), p.406.
19. Edward Rothstein, ‘A Big Map That Shrank The World’, New York Times, 10 January 2010.
20. Patricia Ebery, Women and the Family in Chinese History (Routledge, 2002), p.208.
21. J. Horton Riley (ed.), Ralph Fitch, England’s Pioneer to India and Burma (Fisher Unwin, 1899), p.100.
22. Song Gang (ed.), Reshaping the Boundaries: The Christian Intersection of China and the West in the Modern Era (Hong Kong University Press, 2016), p.15.
23. Frei Sebastien Manrique, Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales, C. E. Luard (trans.) and Fr. H. Hosten (ed.), 2 vols (Hakluyt Society, 2nd series, LIX, 1926), I, VI, pp.59–60.
24. James Brown Scott (trans.), Hugo Grotius, The Freedom of the Seas (Oxford University Press USA, 1916), pp.28, 7.
25. Wyndham Beawes, Lex mercatoria rediviva: or, The merchant’s directory. Being a Compleat Guide to All Men In Business (James Williams, 1773 edn), p.813.
26. Ramusio quoted in Helen Saberi, Tea: A Global History (Reaktion Books, 2010), p.83.
27. Adam Olearius, The voyages and travells of the ambassadors sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, trans. John Davies (Thomas Dring and John Starkey, 1662), p.324.
28. C. R. Boxer (ed.), South China in the sixteenth century: being the narratives of Galeote Pereira, Fr. Gaspar da Cruz, O.P. [and] Fr. Martín de Rada, O.E.S.A. (1550–1575) (Haklyut Society, 1953), p.287.
29. Saberi, p.87.
30. http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1660/09/25/.
31. Francisco de Arino, Sucesos de Sevilla de 1592 a 1604, quoted in Frankopan, p.218.
32. Anthony Reid, ‘From betel-chewing to tobacco-smoking in Indonesia’, Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 44, No. 3 (May 1985), p.535.
33. Lucie Olivova, ‘Tobacco Smoking In Qing China’, Asia Major, Third Series, Vol. 18, No. 1 (2005), p.226.
34. Reid, p.533.
35. Olivova, p.226.
36. Yongming Zhou, Anti-Drugs Crusades in Twentieth Century China: Nationalism, History and State Building (Rowman & Littlefield, 1999), pp.12–13.
37. Yao Lu quoted in Frank Dikotter, Lars Laaman and Zhou Hun, Narcotic Culture: A History of Drugs in China (University of Chicago Press, 2004), p.26.
38. Quoted in E. H. Nolan, The British Empire in India and the East (James Vertue, 1858), p.33.
39. https://www.measuringworth.com.
40. Philip D. Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade in World History (Cambridge, 1984), p.142.
41. Dikotter, Laaman and Hun, p.26.
42. Quoted in Frank Dikotter, Narcotic Culture: A History of Drugs in China (C. Hurst, 2004), p.34.
43. Ibid., p.33.
44. United Nations Office On Drugs And Crime, Bulletin On Narcotics, A century of international drug control, Vol. LIX, Nos.1 and 2 (2007), p.12.
45. Quoted in Alfred J. Andrea and James H. Overfield (eds.), The Human Record: Sources of Global History, Volume II: Since 1500 (Cengage Learning, 2009), p.217.
46. Peter Mundy quoted in Jane Pettigrew, The Tealover’s Companion: A Guide to Teas Throughout the World (The National Trust, 2005), p.13.
47. Austin Coates, Macao and the British 1637–1842: Prelude to Hong Kong (Hong Kong University Press, 2009), p.8.
48. Peter Mundy, The Travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, 1608–1667, ed. Sir Richard Carnac Temple (Hakluyt Society, 1919), Vol. 3, p.207.
49. Ibid.
50. Quoted in Coates, p.15.
51. Weddell quoted in Coates, p.19.
52. Peh T’i Wei, ‘Why Is Hong Kong Called “Fragrant Harbour”: A Synthesis’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, Vol. 54 (2014), p.45.
53. Ibid., p.39.
54. Translation from Research study on Hangzhou Trade in the Late Qing and Republican Eras (Hangzhou Publishing House, 2011), p.2.
55. Journal of the House of Commons, 1714–1718 (House of Commons, reprinted 1803), p.665.
56. F. W. Mote, Imperial China, 900–1800 (Harvard University Press, 1999), p.745.
57. George Bryan Souza, ‘Opium and the Company: Maritime Trade and Imperial Finances on Java, 1684–1796’, Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 43, No. 1, Expanding Frontiers in South Asian and World History: Essays in Honour of John F. Richards (January 2009), p.130.
Chapter Four: The Romantics Meet Modern Science
1. A. S. Beveridge (trans.), Babur-Nama (Oriental Books Reprint Corporation, 1970), p.52.
2. Pierre Belon, Travels in the Levant (Gilles Courrozet, 1554), p.183.
3. Mehrdad Kia, Daily Life in the Ottoman Empire (Greenwood, 2011), p.245.
4. Quoted in Roger Stevens, ‘European Visitors to the Safavid Court’, Iranian Studies, Vol. 7, No. 3/4, Studies on Isfahan: Proceedings of the Isfahan Colloquium, Part II (Summer–Autumn, 1974), p.429.
5. Quoted in ibid., p.442.
6. Cristobal Acosta, On the Drugs and Medicines from the East Indies, quoted in Richard Davenport-Hines, The Pursuit of Oblivion: A Social History of Drugs (Hachette, 2012), p.18.
7. Lisa Balabanlilar, ‘The Begims of the Mystic Feast: Turco-Mongol Tradition in the Mughal Harem’, Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 69, No. 1 (February 2010), p.125.
8. John Henry Grose, A Voyage to the East Indies (S. Hooper, 1772 edn.), p.113.
9. Lisa Balabanlilar, Imperial Identity in the Mughal Empire (I. B. Tauris, 2012), p.91.
10. Lisa Balabanlilar, ‘The Emperor Jahangir and the Pursuit of Pleasure’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Third Series, Vol. 19, No. 2 (April 2009), p.182.
11. William Foster (ed.), The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul, 1615–1619 (Hakluyt Society, 1899), p.322.
12. Balabanlilar, ‘The Begims of the Mystic Feast . . .’, p.143.
13. William Shakespeare, Othello, Moor of Venice, Act 3, Scene 3.
14. Francis Bacon, History of Life and Death (I. Okes, 1623), p.1.
15. Adrian Tinniswood, His Invention So Fertile (Jonathan Cape, 2001), p.36.
16. Thomas Spratt, quoted in N. S. R. Maluf, ‘History of Blood Transfusion’, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 1 (January 1954), p.61.
17. Thomas Sydenham, The Works of Thomas Sydenham, M.D. (The Sydenham Society, 1851), Vol. 1, p.143.
18. Thomas Sydenham, The Works of Thomas Sydenham, M.D. (The Sydenham Society, 1851), Vol. 1, p.xcix.
19. Thomas Sydenham quoted in Kenneth Dewhurst, ‘A Symposium on Trigeminal Neuralgia: With Contributions by Locke, Sydenham, and other Eminent Seventeenth Century Physicians’, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Vol. 12, No. 1 (January 1957), p.32.
20. The Works of Francis Bacon, Lord Chancellor of England, Vol. 1 (Carey & Hart, 1844), p.203.
21. Samuel Garth, Oratorio Laudatoria (Impensis Abel Roper, 1697), p.3.
22. Quoted in Albert Rosenberg, ‘The London Dispensary for the Sick-Poor’, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 1 (January 1959), p.44.
23. Patrick Wallis, ‘Con
sumption, Retailing, and Medicine in Early-Modern London’, Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 61, No. 1 (February 2008), p.32.
24. R. S. Morton, ‘Dr Thomas (“Quicksilver”) Dover, 1660–1742’, British Journal of Venereal Disease 44 (1968), p.343.
25. Thomas Dover, The Ancient Physician’s Legacy to his Country (H. Kent, 1742), p.106.
26. Ibid., p.14.
27. James Boswell, Boswell’s Life of Johnson: including their Tour to the Hebrides (John Murray, 1851), p.127.
28. ‘William and Mary, 1690: An Act for the Encourageing the Distilling of Brandy and Spirits from Corn and for laying severall Dutyes on Low Wines or Spirits of the first Extraction. [Chapter IX. Rot. parl. pt. 3. nu. 8.]’ in Statutes of the Realm: Volume 6, 1685–94, ed. John Raithby (sl., 1819), pp.236–8.
29. T. Poole, A Treatise on Strong Beer, Ale, &c. (Debrett, 1782), p.14.
30. Patrick Dillon, Gin: The Much-lamented Death of Madam Geneva (Justin, Charles, 2002), pp.115–16.
31. Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees (J. Wood, 1772 edition), p.14.
32. Quoted in Jonathan White, ‘The “Slow but Sure Poyson”: The Representation of Gin and Its Drinkers, 1736–1751’, Journal of British Studies, Vol. 42, No. 1 (January 2003), p.41.
33. Charles Davenant quoted in Dillon, p.13.
34. Ernest L. Abel, ‘The Gin Epidemic: Much Ado About What?’, Alcohol Alcohol (2001), 36 (5).
35. Proceedings of the Old Bailey, February 1734, trial of Judith Defour (t17340227–32).
36. Ibid.
37. Henry Fielding, quoted in Crime and Punishment in England: A Sourcebook (UCL Press, 1999), p.140.
38. Stephen Hales, A Friendly Admonition to the Drinkers of Gin, Brandy, and Other Distilled Spirits (B. Dod, 1751), p.19.
39. John Brownlow, Memoranda; Or, Chronicles of the Foundling Hospital (S. Low, 1847), p.114.
40. Reginald Hugh Nichols, Francis Aslett Wray, The History of the Foundling Hospital (Oxford University Press, 1935), p.39.
41. Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 5 December 1711, trial of Thomas Abram (t17111205–31).
42. Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 30 August 1727, trial of Richard Montgomery (t17270830–29).
43. Robert Burton, The Anatomy of Melancholy (1621), p.56.