One Hot Summer

by Rosemary Ashton

  19.Editorial, Critic, 3 July 1858, p. 347; quoted in Leary, The ‘Punch’ Brotherhood, p. 102.

  20.Dickens to Yates, 6 July 1858, Letters, vol. 8, p. 595.

  21.Dickens to W.H. Russell, 7 July 1858, ibid., vol. 8, pp. 600–601.

  22.Yates to the committee of the Garrick Club, 10 July 1858, Thackeray, Letters and Private Papers, vol. 4, p. 103.

  23.Thackeray to the chairman of the general meeting of the Garrick Club, 10 July 1858, ibid., vol. 4, pp. 101–2. The editor of Thackeray’s letters, Gordon N. Ray, adds in a footnote that the letter was not sent, but Leary found the letter in the Garrick Club minute book, see The ‘Punch’ Brotherhood, p. 100 and n.

  24.John Blackwood to Thackeray, 9 July 1858, Ray, Thackeray: The Age of Wisdom, pp. 285, 477n.

  25.See Thackeray to Lytton, 21 June 1853, Letters and Private Papers, vol. 3, p. 278, and to Dickens, 11 June 1847, ibid., vol. 2, p. 299.

  26.Shirley Brooks, quoted in Ray, Thackeray: the Age of Wisdom, p. 280.

  27.Silver, Punch diary, 12 August 1863, Add MS 88937/2/13, British Library.

  28.Leary, The ‘Punch’ Brotherhood, p. 101.

  29.Dickens to Charley Dickens, ?10–12 July 1858, and to the committee of the Garrick Club, 12 July 1858, Letters, vol. 8, pp. 602, 603.

  30.Thackeray, Letters and Private Papers, vol. 4, p. 105n.

  31.Thackeray, diary, 12 July to 17 August 1858, ibid., vol. 4, pp. 393–4.

  32.Frank Fladgate to Thackeray, 27 July 1858, ibid., vol. 4, p. 107.

  33.Minutes of the Garrick Club meeting, 20 July 1858, quoted in Leary, The ‘Punch’ Brotherhood, p. 101 and n.

  34.Dickens to J. Palgrave Simpson, 23 July 1858, Letters, vol. 8, p. 611.

  35.Yates, Mr Thackeray, Mr Yates, and the Garrick Club. The Correspondence and Facts (London, 1859), pp. 10–11; see also Recollections and Experiences, vol. 2, p. 28.

  36.See Dickens, Letters, vol. 8, pp. 752–3.

  37.Dickens to Yates, 21 August 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 631.

  38.‘The Garrick Club – Thackeray and Yates – A Tempest in a Teacup’, Reynolds’s Newspaper, 1 August 1858.

  39.Sala, Twice Round the Clock, pp. 211, 213–14; the number containing ‘The Fashionable Club’ was published in Welcome Guest at the end of July or beginning of August 1858.

  40.See Ruskin to his father, 24 July 1858, Letters from the Continent, p. 99.

  41.Thackeray to the Baxters, 25 August 1858, Letters and Private Papers, vol. 4, pp. 109–10.

  42.‘Mr Thackeray and the Garrick Club’, Reynolds’s Newspaper, 22 August 1858.

  43.‘The Row at the Garrick Club’, ibid.

  44.‘The Garrick Club’, ibid., 29 August 1858.

  45.Dickens to Yates, 21 August 1858, Letters, vol. 8, p. 631.

  46.Dickens to William de Cerjat, 7 July 1858, ibid., vol. 8, pp. 597–8.

  47.Ibid., vol. 8, pp. 596–7, 598.

  48.Deed of Separation, 4 June 1858, see Nayder, The Other Dickens, pp. 254–5.

  49.Dickens to Catherine Gore, 31 May 1858, Letters, vol. 8, p. 574.

  50.Dickens to John Leech, 31 May 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 575.

  51.Charley Dickens to Dickens, 10 May 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 575n.

  52.Dickens to Catherine Dickens, 4 June 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 578.

  53.Dickens to Charley Dickens, ?10–12 July 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 602.

  54.Charley Dickens to Catherine Dickens, 13 July 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 602n.

  55.See Nayder, The Other Dickens, p. 257.

  56.Dickens, Letters, vol. 8, p. 603n.

  57.Dickens to Frederick Evans, 22 July 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 608.

  58.Slater, Charles Dickens, p. 465.

  59.See Tomalin, The Invisible Woman, pp. 111, 113, 116–17.

  60.Ibid., pp. 121, 127, 170, 172; Slater, Dickens and Women, pp. 209–10, and The Great Charles Dickens Scandal, pp. 173–4.

  61.Athenaeum, 18 December 1858.

  62.See The Times, 14 March 1859, and Era, 13 March 1859.

  63.See Malcolm Morley, ‘The Theatrical Ternans’, a series of ten articles published in The Dickensian, vols 54–7 (January 1958–January 1961). Morley’s collection of Haymarket playbills is in the V&A Theatre and Performance Archive, Blythe House, Kensington Olympia. These give the parts which Ellen was billed to play, though some newspaper advertisements and reviews name her sister Maria instead; this was the case with Out of Sight, Out of Mind in August 1859.

  64.See Dickens, Letters, vol. 8, pp. 752–3 (Appendix H).

  65.See Slater, Charles Dickens, pp. 461–4.

  66.Dickens to Georgina Hogarth, 5 August 1858, Letters, vol. 8, p. 617.

  67.Chambers’s Exeter Journal, 7 August 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 617n.

  68.Dickens to Mamie Dickens, 7 August 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 619.

  69.Dickens to Yates, 11 August 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 623 and n.

  70.Dickens to Collins, 11 August 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 623.

  71.See Dickens to Collins, 12 February and 13 April 1856, ibid., vol. 8, pp. 53, 86–7.

  72.Dickens to Collins, 11 August 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 623.

  73.Dickens to Mamie Dickens, 12 August 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 625.

  74.Dickens to Anne Cornelius, 17 August 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 627.

  75.Dickens to Georgina Hogarth, 20 August 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 629.

  76.Dickens to Angela Burdett-Coutts, 23 August 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 632.

  77.Watkins took the photograph on 17 June 1858, see ibid., vol. 8, pp. 576n, 607n.

  78.Dickens to Georgina Hogarth, 25 August 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 637.

  79.Dickens to Mamie Dickens, 28 August 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 641.

  80.Dickens to Frederick Dickens, 12 December 1856, ibid., vol. 8, p. 236 and n. See also Slater, Charles Dickens, pp. 281, 325.

  81.Dickens to Frederick Dickens, 5 February 1857, Letters, vol. 8, p. 275.

  82.Frederick Dickens to Dickens, 7 February 1857, ibid., vol. 8, p. 277n.

  83.Dickens to Georgina Hogarth, 29 August 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 644.

  84.See ‘Law Intelligence’, Daily News, 27 July 1859.

  85.Dickens to T.J. Thompson, 8 November 1858, Letters, vol. 8, p. 699.

  86.Dickens to T.J. Thompson, 22 November 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 706.

  87.Dickens to Arthur Smith, 25 May 1858, Letters, vol. 8, p. 568.

  88.See ibid., vol. 8, p. 648n.

  89.Dickens to Anne Cornelius, 11 October 1857, ibid., vol. 8, p. 465.

  90.Dickens, ‘Violated Letter’, 25 May 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 740.

  91.Henry Morley to Mary Anne Sayer, early December 1851, in Henry Solly, The Life of Henry Morley (London, 1898), pp. 200–1.

  92.Dickens, ‘Violated Letter’, 25 May 1858, Letters, vol. 8, p. 741.

  93.Statement by Mrs Hogarth and Helen Hogarth, 29 May 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 742.

  94.‘The Dickens Domestic Affair’, New York Daily Tribune, 16 August 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 648n.

  95.Morning Star, 30 August 1858, Morning Chronicle and Morning Herald, 31 August 1858, and Daily Telegraph, 2 September 1858; see Dickens, Letters, vol. 8, pp. 648n, 746n.

  96.Dickens to Frederic Ouvry, 5 September 1858, Dickens, Letters, vol. 8, p. 648.

  97.Dickens to Wilkie Collins, 6 September 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 650.

  98.Elizabeth Barrett Browning, letter of 11 July 1858, see Dickens, Letters, vol. 8, p. 597n.

  99.Elizabeth Barrett Browning, letter of 5 October 1858, ibid., vol. 8, pp. 648–9n.

  100.Helen Thomson to Mrs Stark, 30 August 1858, ibid., vol. 8, p. 746.

  101.Ibid., vol. 8, pp. 478–9.

  102.See Slater, The Great Charles Dickens Scandal, p. 501.

  103.Dickens to Angela Burdett-Coutts, 27 October 1858, Letters, vol. 8, p. 689.

  104.Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities (1859), ed. George Woodcock (Harmondsworth, 1980), pp. 117, 110, 104.

  105.‘Extraordinary Libel Case’, Weekly Chronicle, 26 June 1858.
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br />   106.Ibid.

  107.‘Board of Health Actions’, Builder, 3 July 1858.

  108.Report in the Standard, 26 July 1858; for an account of the case see Wise, Inconvenient People, pp. 252–64.

  109.Wise, Inconvenient People, pp. 265–6.

  110.Ibid., pp. 271–7; Daily News, 24 August 1858; The Times, 24 June 1859.

  111.See ODNB entry for Simon Bernard.

  112.Disraeli to Sarah Brydges Willyams, 15 January 1858, Letters, vol. 7, p. 114.

  113.Blanchard, Life and Reminiscences, vol. 1, p. 190.

  114.Disraeli, Letters, vol. 7, p. 120n.

  115.Dickens to François Régnier, 20 February 1858, Letters, vol. 8, p. 522.

  116.Queen Victoria to her daughter Vicky, 20 February 1858, Dearest Child, p. 54.

  117.For details of the arrangements at the trial see Irving, Annals of Our Time, pp. 516–17.

  118.Bernard, Life of Dr Simon Bernard, with Judgment and Extracts from the Press on his Trial (London, 1858), p. 10. See also Irving, Annals of Our Time, p. 516.

  119.‘A Day at the Old Bailey during Dr Bernard’s Trial’, Reynolds’s Newspaper, 18 April 1858.

  120.Edwin James, Speech of Edwin James, Esq., One of Her Majesty’s Counsel, in Defence of Dr Simon Bernard, delivered at the Central Criminal Court, on Friday, the 16th of April, 1858, revised and edited by James Gordon Allan, of the Inner Temple, Esquire, Barrister at Law (London, 1858), pp. 5, 17, 22, 29.

  121.Bernard, Life of Dr Simon Bernard, p. 13.

  122.Ibid.

  123.James Gordon Allan’s note in James, Speech of Edwin James, Esq., p. 30.

  124.See Simon Bernard’s own pamphlet recounting the trial, The Life and Extraordinary Trial of Simon Bernard, for conspiring to assassinate in the French Empire, with Important Disclosures (London, 1858), p. 8.

  125.Bernard, Life of Dr Simon Bernard, p. 15.

  126.J. Ewing Ritchie, About London (London, 1860), pp. 9–10.

  127.Engels to Marx, 22 April 1858, Marx–Engels Collected Works, vol. 40, p. 309.

  128.‘The Acquittal of Dr Bernard’, The Times, 20 April 1858; see also the Morning Post, 20 April 1858.

  129.‘Trial of Dr Bernard’, People’s Paper, 24 April 1858.

  130.‘Liberation of Dr Bernard’, Reynolds’s Newspaper, 25 April 1858.

  131.James, Speech of Edwin James, Esq., p. 22. Wyld is probably James Wyld, the cartographer who exhibited a huge globe in Leicester Square in the 1850s.

  132.See ODNB entry for Simon Bernard.

  133.Yates, Recollections and Experiences, vol. 2, pp. 31–2.

  134.ODNB entry for Edwin James.

  135.Yates, Recollections and Experiences, vol. 2, p. 133 and n.

  136.‘Good News for the Thames’, Era, 18 July 1858.

  137.Editorial, The Times, 21 July 1858.

  138.‘Sketches in Parliament’, Illustrated London News, vol. 33 (24 July 1858), p. 88.

  139.‘Parliamentary Intelligence’, The Times, 24 July 1858.

  140.‘The Results of the Session’, Bentley’s Miscellany, vol. 44 (August 1858), p. 217.

  141.Queen Victoria to Lord Derby, 15 August 1858, Letters of Queen Victoria, vol. 3, p. 379.

  142.Queen Victoria to Viscount Canning, 2 December 1858, ibid., vol. 3, p. 389.

  143.See Illustrated London News, vol. 33 (31 July 1858), p. 111, and Era, 8 August 1858.

  144.Punch, vol. 35 (21 August 1858), p. 80.

  145.‘The Working of the New Divorce Bill’, English Woman’s Journal, vol. 1 (1 July 1858), p. 339.

  146.‘Domestic Differences’, Era, 25 July 1858.

  147.‘Commission of Lunacy – Private Asylums’ and Editorial, Morning Chronicle, 27 July 1858.

  148.‘The Closing Session’, Era, 1 August 1858.

  149.‘The Session’, The Times, 2 August 1858.

  150.Ibid.

  151.Disraeli to Lady Londonderry, 24 July 1858, Letters, vol. 7, pp. 220–21.

  152.Disraeli to Sarah Brydges Willyams, 26 July 1858, ibid., vol. 7, pp. 222–3.

  153.‘Father Thames’, Punch, vol. 35 (31 July 1858), p. 47.

  154.Disraeli to Sarah Brydges Willyams, 26 July 1858, Letters, vol. 7, p. 222.

  155.Disraeli to Sarah Brydges Willyams, 5 August 1858, ibid., vol. 7, p. 225.

  156.Ibid., vol. 7, p. 223.

  Chapter Seven: The aftermath of the hot summer

  1.See Thackeray, diary, 5 August 1858, Letters and Private Papers, vol. 4, p. 393.

  2.The Virginians, number 11, see ibid., vol. 4, pp. 109–10n.

  3.Sala, Twice Round the Clock, ed. Collins, pp. 333, 344.

  4.Ibid., pp. 344–5.

  5.Sala to Yates, 7 November 1858, Letters, pp. 44 and 46n.

  6.Sala, Things I Have Seen and People I Have Known, 2 vols (London, 1894), vol. 1, p. 3.

  7.‘Mr Thackeray and Mr Edmund Yates – The Garrick Club’, Morning Post, 17 November 1858.

  8.Dickens to Thackeray, 24 November 1858, Letters, vol. 8, pp. 707–8.

  9.Ibid., vol. 8, p. 708.

  10.Thackeray to Dickens, 26 November 1858, Letters and Private Papers, vol. 4, p. 118.

  11.Yates, Recollections and Experiences, vol. 2, p. 36n.

  12.Dickens to Yates, c. 28 November 1858, Letters, vol. 8, p. 711.

  13.Thackeray to Blackwood, 2 December 1858, Ray, Thackeray: The Age of Wisdom, p. 285.

  14.Thackeray to Anny and Minny Thackeray, 4 December 1858, Letters and Private Papers, vol. 4, p. 121.

  15.Thackeray to Blackwood, 12–15 December 1858, Ray, Thackeray: The Age of Wisdom, p. 286.

  16.Thackeray, ‘The Smiler with the Knife’, reproduced in Letters and Private Papers, vol. 4, facing p. 102.

  17.Anny Thackeray to Amy Crowe, late December 1858, Journals and Letters, p. 58.

  18.Charles Dickens Jr, ‘The Offence is Rank’, Punch, vol. 35 (11 December 1858), p. 239.

  19.Henry Silver, diary, 19 January 1859, Ray, Thackeray: The Age of Wisdom, p. 288.

  20.Thackeray to William Synge, c. mid-January 1859, ibid., pp. 288–9.

  21.See Thackeray, Letters and Private Papers, vol. 4, p. 131n.

  22.Illustrated Times, 29 January 1859; Ray, Thackeray: The Age of Wisdom, p. 289.

  23.Sala to Yates, 31 January 1859, Letters, p. 59.

  24.Thackeray to Synge, mid-January 1859, Ray, Thackeray: The Age of Wisdom, p. 288.

  25.See Thackeray, Letters and Private Papers, vol. 4, p. 131n.

  26.Anny Thackeray to William Synge, 6 March 1859, Journals and Letters, p. 73.

  27.Thackeray to Charles Kingsley, 12 March 1859, Letters and Private Papers, vol. 4, pp. 134–5.

  28.See Ray, Thackeray: The Age of Wisdom, p. 290, and Thackeray, Letters and Private Papers, vol. 4, p. 131n.

  29.Thackeray, ‘Punch’s Prize Novelists’, Punch, April–October 1847, reprinted in Miscellaneous Contributions to ‘Punch’ 1843–1854, ed. George Saintsbury, vol. 8 of The Oxford Thackeray, 17 vols (Oxford, 1908).

  30.Thackeray to John Blackwood, 12–15 December 1858, Ray, Thackeray: The Age of Wisdom, p. 290.

  31.Thackeray, ‘Strange to Say, On Club Paper’, Cornhill Magazine, vol. 8 (November 1863), pp. 638, 639.

  32.Sheffield and Rotherham Independent, 29 January 1859.

  33.Ibid., 2 April 1859.

  34.Yates, Mr Thackeray, Mr Yates, and the Garrick Club, pp. 5, 12, 15.

  35.Yates, Recollections and Experiences, vol. 2, p. 32.

  36.See ODNB entry for Yates.

  37.See Dickens to Yates, 19 February 1859, Letters, vol. 9, p. 30.

  38.Dickens to Yates, 23 September 1860, ibid., vol. 9, pp. 315–16.

  39.Dickens to Yates, 12 May 1868, ibid., vol. 12, p. 107.

  40.Ibid., vol. 12, p. 107n.

  41.See the whole chapter devoted to his desire to be like Thackeray’s Pendennis, Recollections and Experiences, vol. 1.

  42.Yates to Herman Merivale, 25 May 1889, Thackeray, Letters and Private Papers, vol. 4, pp. 133–4n.

  43.See
The Times, 18 and 26 January, 10, 17, 21, 24 February, 1 and 12 March 1859.

  44.Thackeray to Whitwell Elwin, May 1861, Ray, Thackeray: The Age of Wisdom, p. 312.

  45.Henry Silver, diary, 27 May 1863, ibid., pp. 404–5.

  46.See Dickens’s tribute to Thackeray, ‘In Memoriam’, Cornhill Magazine, vol. 9 (February 1864), p. 129.

  47.See, for example, James Hannay in the Edinburgh Evening Courant and an editorial in the Daily News, quoted in Dickens, Letters, vol. 10, p. 347n.

  48.Dickens to Collins, 25 January 1864, Letters, vol. 10, pp. 346–7.

  49.Dickens, ‘In Memoriam’, Cornhill Magazine, vol. 9 (February 1864), pp. 129, 130, 132.

  50.See the excellent chapter on the Garrick Club affair in Leary, The ‘Punch’ Brotherhood, pp. 79–109.

  51.Information from Marcus Risdell, former art curator at the Garrick Club. See also Geoffrey Ashton, Pictures in the Garrick Club: A Catalogue (London, 1997).

  52.Sala to Yates, 7 and 15 November 1858, Letters, pp. 44, 52.

  53.Dickens to Forster for Messrs Bradbury and Evans, 27 November 1858, Letters, vol. 8, p. 711.

  54.Dickens to Forster, 24 and ?25 January 1859, ibid., vol. 9, p. 15.

  55.See Slater, Charles Dickens, pp. 469–75.

  56.Henry Silver, diary, 2 February 1859, quoted in Leary, The ‘Punch’ Brotherhood, p. 89.

  57.See Leary, The ‘Punch’ Brotherhood, p. 168, and Dickens, Letters, vol. 8, p. 608n.

  58.Bradbury and Evans, ‘Mr Dickens and His Late Publishers’, printed in newspapers including Trewman’s Exeter Flying Post, 2 June 1859.

  59.See John Blackwood to Lewes, 7 June 1858, and Lewes to Blackwood, 9 June, 19 July, and 16 August 1858, The George Eliot Letters, vol. 2, pp. 463, 464, 469, 474.

  60.Dickens to Lewes, 14 November 1859, Letters, vol. 9, p. 160; Lewes, journal, 15 November 1859, and George Eliot, journal, 18 November 1859, The George Eliot Letters, vol. 3, pp. 204, 205.

  61.Yates, Recollections and Experiences, vol. 2, p. 167.

  62.Dickens to Forster, 25 August 1859, Letters, vol. 9, pp. 112–13n.

  63.Dickens to Wilkie Collins, 6 October 1859, ibid., vol. 9, p. 127.

  64.See Slater, Charles Dickens, pp. 498, 511–12, 527.

  65.See Tomalin, The Invisible Woman, especially the chapter entitled ‘Vanishing into Space’, and Slater, The Great Charles Dickens Scandal, p. 174.

  66.Dickens to William de Cerjat, 16 March 1862, Letters, vol. 10, p. 53.