3. Peter Mair, The Changing Irish Party System (London, 1987), 211.
4. Paul Bew, Ellen Hazelkorn and Henry Patterson, The Dynamics of Irish Politics (London, 1989), 103.
5. J.J Lee, Ireland 1912–1985: Politics and Society (Cambridge, 1989), 462.
6. Bew, Hazelkorn and Patterson, 104.
7. D. A. Coleman, ‘Demography and Migration in Ireland, North and South’, in Heath, Breen and Whelan, 83–4.
8. D. A. Gillmor, Economic Activities in the Republic of Ireland: A Geographical Perspective (Dublin, 1985), 27.
9. OECD, Economic Surveys: Ireland, May 1978, 30.
10. Lee, 465.
11. Maurice Manning, James Dillon: A Biography (Dublin, 1999), 329.
12. Garret FitzGerald, All in a Life: An Autobiography (Dublin, 1991), 68.
13. Mair, 186.
14. Manning, 362.
15. Bruce Arnold, What Kind of Country? Modern Irish Politics 1968–1983 (London, 1984), 85.
16. Michael Gallagher, The Irish Labour Party in Transition 1957–1982 (Dublin, 1982), 186.
17. ibid., 118.
18. Michael Gallagher, Political Parties in the Republic of Ireland (Dublin, 1985), 156–8.
19. Conor Cruise O'Brien, Memoir: My Life and Themes (Dublin, 1998), 342.
20. Gallagher, The Irish Labour Party in Transition, 198.
21. ibid., 200.
22. FitzGerald, 298.
23. Niamh Hardiman, Pay, Politics and Economic Performance in Ireland 1970–1987 (Oxford, 1988), 99.
24. Gallagher, The Irish Labour Party in Transition, 210.
25. Stephen Collins, ‘Doomsday Plan Gave Parts of the North to the Republic’, Sunday Tribune, 2 January 2005.
26. Lee, 477–8.
27. O'Brien, 355.
28. FitzGerald, 311: the raiders threw family bibles into the fire.
29. Arnold, 122.
30. ‘I allowed myself to be persuaded to leave this sensitive issue over for several months.’ FitzGerald, 313.
31. FitzGerald, 320.
32. Lee, 483.
33. Kieran Allen, Fianna Fáil and Irish Labour: 1926 to the Present (London, 1997), 149–50.
34. O'Brien, 345–6.
35. FitzGerald, 320.
36. Mair, 30, 33.
37. Allen, 150.
38. O'Brien, 357.
39. The anti-Haughey agenda behind the 1977 manifesto was first pointed out by the political journalist Olivia O'Leary: ‘How Haughey Swung the Forum’, Magill, August 1984.
40. Lee, 498.
41. Vincent Browne, ‘Lynch Partly Responsible for the 1970 Arms Crisis’, Irish Times, 27 October 1999.
42. James Downey, Lenihan: His Life and Times (Dublin, 1998), 105.
43. Bew, Hazelkorn and Patterson, 121.
44. FitzGerald, 353.
45. Bill Roche, ‘Social Partnership and Political Controls: State Strategy and Industrial Relations in Ireland’, in M. Kelly, L. O'Dowd and J. Wickham (eds.), Power, Conflict and Inequality (Dublin, 1982), 63.
46. Irish Banking Review, December 1978.
47. Lee, 474.
48. Bew, Hazelkorn and Patterson, 115.
49. Arnold, 136.
50. Dick Walsh, The Party inside Fianna Fáil (Dublin, 1986), 142.
51. Kevin Myers in an obituary of Jack Lynch, Irish Times, 27 September 1999.
52. Stephen Collins, The Power Game: Fianna Fáil since Lemass (Dublin, 2000), 123.
53. FitzGerald, 340.
54. Report of the Tribunal of Inquiry (Dunnes Payments), 25 August 1997.
55. Collins, 127.
56. Walsh, 146.
57. Allen, 158.
58. ibid., 159.
59. The Moriarty Tribunal heard evidence in 1999 of how he spent over £16,000 a year on shirts from the exclusive Charvet shop in Paris: Collins, 125.
60. Dick Walsh, ‘Next Election Most Significant since 1930s’, Irish Times, 12 August 2000.
61. Lee, 502–3.
62. Garret FitzGerald, ‘Some Perspectives on the Economic Records of Governments in the 1980s’, Irish Times, 26 June 1999.
63. Downey, 110.
64. Eunan O'Halpin, Defending Ireland: The Irish State and Its Enemies since 1922 (Oxford, 1999), 332.
65. Arnold, 158.
66. Joe Joyce and Peter Murtagh, The Boss: Charles J. Haughey in Government (Dublin, 1983), 33.
67. Stephen O'Byrnes, Hiding Behind a Face: Fine Gael under Garret FitzGerald (Dublin, 1986), 73.
68. Mair, 303.
69. ibid., 41.
70. Gallagher, The Irish Labour Party in Transition, 240.
71. Joyce and Murtagh, 14.
72. Arnold, 166.
73. FitzGerald 367.
74. Bew, Hazelkorn and Patterson, 156.
75. Mair, 56–7.
76. Joyce and Murtagh, 31.
77. ibid., 22.
78. FitzGerald, 404.
79. Joyce and Murtagh, 53–4.
80. Lee, 508.
81. Stephen Collins, Spring and the Labour Story (Dublin, 1993), 97.
82. FitzGerald, 435–6.
83. This is Stephen Collins's opinion: see Spring and the Labour Story, 107.
84. Garret FitzGerald, ‘Some Perspectives on the Economic Records of Governments in the 1980s’, Irish Times, 26 June 1999.
85. John Kurt Jacobsen, Chasing Progress in the Irish Republic (Cambridge, 1994), 161.
86. Collins, Spring and the Labour Story, 130.
87. Brendan O'Leary, ‘Towards Europeanization and Realignment? The Irish General Election, February 1987’, Western European Politics, 10, 3, July 1987.
88. Allen, 171.
89. See Paul Teague and John McCartney, ‘Industrial Relations in the Two Irish Economies’, in Heath, Breen and Whelan, 349.
90. Cormac O Gráda, A Rocky Road: The Irish Economy since the 1920s (Manchester, 1997), 32–3.
91. ibid., 33.
92. The Irish Times, 5 August 2000.
93. Robert Kuttner, ‘Ireland's Miracle: The Market Didn't Do It Alone’, Business Week, 7 July 2000.
94. Paul Sweeney, The Celtic Tiger: Ireland's Continuing Economic Miracle (Dublin, 1999), 8.
95. Jonathan Haughton, ‘The Dynamics of Economic Change’, in W. Crotty and D. E. Schmitt, Ireland and the Politics of Change (London, 1998), 29–30.
96. Sweeney, 87.
97. Kuttner, ‘Ireland's Miracle’.
98. Denis O'Hearn, Inside the Celtic Tiger (London, 1998) is an example.
99. Rory O'Donnell, ‘The New Ireland in the New Europe’, in Rory O'Donnell (ed.), Europe: The Irish Experience (Dublin, 2000), 177.
100. Irish Times, 19 June 1989.
101. The term was used by one of the party's negotiators. Irish Times, 14 July 1999.
102. Yvonne Galligan, Women and Politics in Contemporary Ireland: From the Margins to the Mainstream (London, 1998), 31.
103. Pat O'Connor and Sally Shortall, ‘Variations in Women's Paid Employment, North and South’, in Heath, Breen and Whelan, 288–9.
104. Eric Hobsbawm, Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century 1914–1991 (London, 1994), 311.
105. James S. Donnelly, Jr, ‘A Church in Crisis: The Irish Catholic Church Today’, History Ireland, 8, 3, Autumn 2000, 13.
106. Basil Chubb, The Government and Politics of Ireland (London, 1982), 29.
107. Galligan, 53.
108. ibid., 149–50.
109. M. A. Busteed, Voting Behaviour in the Republic of Ireland: A Geographical Perspective (Oxford, 1990), 182.
110. Dermot Keogh, ‘The Role of the Catholic Church in the Republic of Ireland 1992–1995’, Building Trust in Ireland: Studies Commissioned by the Forum for Peace and Reconciliation (Belfast, 1996), 177.
111. Lee, 654.
112. Galligan, 152–3.
113. Cited in Busteed, 201–2.
114. Emily O'Reilly, ‘The Legion of the Rearguard’, Magill, September 1986.
115. Brian Girvin, ‘The Irish Div
orce Referendum, November 1995’, Irish Political Studies, 11, 1996.
116. Gene Kerrigan and Pat Brennan, This Great Little Nation: The A-Z of Irish Scandals and Controversies (Dublin, 1999), 310.
117. ibid., 53.
118. Tom Inglis, Moral Monopoly: The Rise and the Fall of the Catholic Church in Modern Ireland (Dublin, 1998), 257.
119. Niamh Hardiman and Christopher Whelan, ‘Changing Values’, in William Crotty and David E. Schmitt (eds.), Ireland and the Politics of Change (London, 1998), 79.
120. K. Theodore Hoppen, Ireland since 1800: Conflict and Conformity (London, 1999), 283.
121. James S. Donnelly, Jr, ‘A Church in Crisis: The Irish Catholic Church Today’, History Ireland, 8, 3, Autumn 2000.
122. FitzGerald, 378.
123. ibid., 462.
124. John Whyte, Interpreting Northern Ireland (Oxford, 1991), 138.
125. Brian Girvin, ‘Nationalism and the Continuation of Political Conflict in Ireland’, in Heath, Breen and Whelan, 381.
126. ibid.
127. Peter Mair, ‘The Irish Republic and the Anglo-Irish Agreement’, in Paul Teague (ed.), Beyond the Rhetoric: Politics, the Economy and Social Policy in Northern Ireland (London, 1987), 109.
128. Kerrigan and Brennan, 134.
129. Collins, The Power Game, 182.
130. Paul Mitchell, ‘The 1992 Election in the Republic of Ireland’, Irish Political Studies, 8, 1993, 116.
131. Eoin O'Sullivan, ‘The 1990 Presidential Election in the Republic of Ireland’, Irish Political Studies, 6, 1991, 96.
132. Collins, The Power Game, 242.
133. Henry Patterson, The Politics of Illusion: A Political History of the IRA (London, 1997), 258.
134. He once explained to me that this was the reason why the best books on Fianna Fáil had been written by Marxists.
135. Collins, The Power Game, 257.
136. Sean Duignan, One Spin on the Merry-Go-Round (Dublin, 1996), 88.
137. Fergus Finlay, Snakes and Ladders (Dublin, 1998), 170–71.
138. ibid., 235.
139. Duignan, 147.
140. Paul Bew and Gordon Gillespie, Northern Ireland: A Chronology of the Troubles 1968–1999 (Dublin, 1999), 328.
141. Gary Murphy, ‘The 1997 General Election in the Republic of Ireland’, Irish Political Studies, 13, 1998, 131.
142. Fintan O'Toole, ‘How the Celtic Tiger's Cubs Find Sinn Féin Reassuring’, Irish Times, 14 January 2001.
143. Garret FitzGerald, ‘A Duty to Show Upheaval was Worthwhile’, Irish Times, 3 February 2001.
144. Cliff Taylor, ‘Value for Money in Public Finances Key in Mind of Voters’, Irish Times, 15 April 2002.
145. Denis Coghlan, ‘Low-tax Low-spend Policy Leaves Social Service in Its Wake’, Irish Times, 16 April 2002.
146. Kieran Allen, ‘Hypocrisy of Social Partnership’, Irish Times, 14 February 2001
147. John Murray Brown, ‘Celtic Tiger Aged as US Technology Sector Falters’, Financial Times, 19 December 2001.
148. Irish Times, 8 November 2001.
149. Dick Walsh, ‘Crucial Debate on How We Run Our Country’, Irish Times, 23 September 2000.
150. Mike Allen, ‘Attempt to Steal Labour's Clothes Will Not Work’, Irish Times, 10 January 2001.
151. Jane O'Mahony, “‘Not So Nice”: The Treaty of Nice -The 2001 Referendum Experience’, Irish Political Studies, 16, 2001, 208.
152. Katy Hayward, “‘If at first you don't succeed”: The Second Referendum on the Treaty of Nice 2002’, Irish Political Studies, 18, 1, Summer 2003.
153. Fintan O'Toole, ‘No Longer Yielding to Party or Pulpit’, Irish Times, 8 March 2002.
154. Garret FitzGerald, ‘We Need a Tough Minister for Finance to Sort Out the Financial Mess’, Irish Times, 11 May 2002.
155. ‘Election 2002’, Irish Times, 20 May 2002.
156. Michael Marsh, ‘The End of Politics as We've Known It’, Irish Independent, 20 May 2002.
157. Eoin O'Malley and Matthew Kerby, ‘Chronicle of a Death Foretold? Understanding the Decline of Fine Gael’, Irish Political Studies, 19,1, Summer 2004.
158. E. Kennedy et al., ‘The Members of Labour: Backgrounds, Political Views and Attitudes Towards Coalition Government’, Irish Political Studies, 20, 2, June 2005, 182–3.
159. Adrian Kavanagh, ‘The 2004 Local Elections in the Republic of Ireland’, Irish Political Studies, 19, 2, Winter 2004.
160. Aodh Quinlivan et al., ‘The 2004 European Elections in the Republic of Ireland’, Irish Political Studies, 19, 2, Winter 2004.
161. ‘The Irish Times TNSmrbi Poll’, Irish Times, 8 October 2004.
162. Mark Brennock, ‘Silver Lining’, Irish Times, 29 December 2004.
163. Mark Brennock, ‘Short-term Approach Dominates Edgy FF Think-in’, Irish Times, 7 September 2005.
164. Karin Gilland Lutz, ‘Irish Party Competition in New Millennium’, Irish Political Studies, 18, 2, Winter 2003.
165. ‘Taoiseach Promises Not Only Prosperity But Vision’, Irish Times, 6 September 2005.
10 Between War and Peace: Northern Ireland 1985–2005
1. Dean Godson, Himself Alone: David Trimble and the Ordeal of Ulster Unionism (London, 2004), 85.
2. Graham Walker, A History of the Ulster Unionist Party (Manchester, 2004), 235.
3. David Hume, The Ulster Unionist Party 1972–1992: A Political Movement in an Era of Conflict and Change (Belfast, 1996), 111.
4. Hume, 133.
5. Sydney Elliott and W.D. Flackes, Northern Ireland: A Political Directory 1968–1999 (Belfast, 1999), 572, 575.
6. Ann Purdy, Molyneaux: The Long View (Antrim, 1989), 147.
7. The interview is quoted in Paul Bew and Henry Patterson, ‘The New Stalemate: Unionism and the Anglo–Irish Agreement’, in Paul Teague (ed.), Beyond the Rhetoric: Politics, the Economy and Social Policy in Northern Ireland (London, 1987), 46.
8. Ed Moloney, ‘Adams Played a Pivotal Role for Peace’, Sunday Tribune, 28 May 2000, where he recalls a conversation in 1983 with a key Adams aide to this effect.
9. Paul Bew and Gordon Gillespie, Northern Ireland: A Chronology of the Troubles 1968–1993 (Belfast, 1993), 157.
10. Henry Patterson, The Politics of Illusion: A Political History of the IRA (London, 1997), 206.
11. ibid. 200.
12. Gerard Murray, John Hume and the SDLP (Dublin, 1998), 171.
13. Irish Times, 24 February 1989.
14. Elliott and Flackes, 681.
15. Gerry Adams, Free Ireland: Towards a Lasting Peace (Dingle, 1995), 194–5.
16. Murray, 176.
17. Sean O'Callaghan, The Informer (London, 1999), 281.
18. Elliott and Flackes, 683.
19. Patterson, 211.
20. An Phoblacht, 26 January 1989.
21. Paul Bew, Peter Gibbon and Henry Patterson, Northern Ireland 1921–1996: Political Forces and Social Classes (London, 1996), 220.
22. Patterson, 215–16.
23. Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years (London, 1993), 402–15.
24. Graham Ellison and Jim Smyth, The Crowned Harp: Policing Northern Ireland (London, 2000), 132.
25. Kevin Boyle and Tom Hadden, Northern Ireland: The Choice (London, 1994), 71.
26. Hume's attack on the IRA was made at the SDLP's annual conference in 1988, Irish Times, 28 November 1988.
27. Thatcher, 415.
28. The republican version of this exchange is in Setting the Record Straight: A Record of Communications between Sinn Féin and the British Government October 1990-November 1993 (Belfast, 1993).
29. Patterson, 226.
30. Bew and Gillespie, 298.
31. Elliott and Flackes, 683.
32. Irish Times, 19 September 1988.
33. From Sinn Féin document ‘A Strategy for Peace’, Irish Times, 7 September 1988.
34. Michael Cox, ‘Cinderella at the Ball: Explaining the End of the War in Northern Ireland’, Millennium: Journal of International
Studies, 27, 2, 1998, 325–42.
35. Danny Morrison, Then the Walls Come Down: A Prison Journal (Cork, 1999), 91.
36. Patterson, 244.
37. Eamonn Mallie and David McKittrick, The Fight for Peace: The Secret Story behind the Irish Peace Process (London, 1996), 120.
38. Conor O'Clery, The Greening of the White House (Dublin, 1996), 61.
39. John Dumbrell, ‘“Hope and History”: The US and Peace in Northern Ireland’, in Michael Cox, Adrian Guelke and Fiona Stephen (eds.), A Farewell to Arms? From ‘Long War’ to Long Peace in Northern Ireland (Manchester, 2000), 216.
40. Mallie and McKittrick, 280.
41. Bew and Gillespie, 294.
42. Morrison, 241.
43. Peter Taylor, Provos: The IRA and Sinn Féin (London, 1997), 335–6.
44. Bew and Gillespie, 277.
45. Mallie and McKittrick, 207.
46. Sean Duignan, One Spin on the Merry-Go-Round (Dublin, 1996), 106.
47. Anthony Seldon, Major: A Political Life (London, 1997), 422–3.
48. Bew and Gillespie, 286.
49. Patterson, 250–53.
50. In an interview in the Irish News on 8 January 1994, Adams criticized Sir Patrick Mayhew's post-Declaration statement that talks between the government and Sinn Féin would be concerned with decommissioning.
51. Duignan, 136.
52. Ed Moloney, A Secret History of the IRA (London and New York, 2002), 413. The TUAS document is printed as an appendix in Mallie and McKittrick, 381–4.
53. Duignan, 137, 140.
54. ibid., 139–140.
55. ibid., 147.
56. Quote is from the TUAS document.
57. Walker, 248.
58. Paul Bew, Henry Patterson and Paul Teague, Between War and Peace: The Political Future of Northern Ireland (London, 1997), 91–2.
59. ibid., 90.
60. Andy Pollak, A Citizens’ Inquiry: The Opsahl Report on Northern Ireland (Dublin, 1993), 7.
61. Kevin Boyle and Tom Hadden, Northern Ireland: The Choice (London, 1994), 30–32, and Graham Gudgin, ‘A Catholic Majority is Far from Certain’, Belfast Telegraph, 15 February 2002.
62. Bew, Patterson and Teague, 144–5.
63. Ruth Dudley Edwards, The Faithful Tribe: An Intimate Portrait of the Loyal Institutions (London, 1999), 283.
64. Eamon Delaney, An Accidental Diplomat: My Years in the Irish Foreign Service 1987–1995 (Dublin, 2001), 289.
65. Henry McDonald, Trimble (London, 2000), 87–90.
66. Rogelio Alonso, Irlanda del Norte: Una historia de guerra y la búsqueda de la paz (Madrid, 2001), 390–1 (translation by Henry Patterson).
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