The Memory of Fire Trilogy: Genesis, Faces and Masks, and Century of the Wind

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The Memory of Fire Trilogy: Genesis, Faces and Masks, and Century of the Wind Page 69

by Eduardo Galeano


  Piribebuy, 202

  Pitt, William, 83

  Pittsburgh, 222

  Plata River: see River Plata

  Platte River, 165

  Playitas, 239

  Plutarch, 82

  Podesta brothers, 226

  Foe, Edgar Allan, 168

  Point-à-Pitre, 92

  Polk, James K., 161

  Pomacanchi, 52

  Pomaire, 116

  Ponchielle, Amilcare, 245

  Ponsonby, John, 139

  Port-au-Prince, 114, 216, 242

  Portugal and the Portuguese, 4, 6, 20, 30, 34, 35, 70–71, 74–75, 98

  Posada, José Guadalupe, 254–55

  Potosí, 6, 13, 14, 18–19, 51, 70, 119, 128

  Potosí, La Paz, and Peruvian Mining Association, 129

  Pouchot (Frenchman), 16

  Prestán, Pedro, 226

  Progress, 257

  Prosser, Gabriel, 192

  Puerto Rico, 249, 250

  Pumacahua, Chief, 56

  Puno, 15

  Purísima del Rincón, 236

  the Puritans, 48

  Quao, Chief, 23

  Quarrell, William Dawes, 78–79

  Quatro Vintens ravines, 12

  Quebec, 15, 36

  Quentas Zayas, Augustín de las, 86

  Querétaro, 198, 199

  Quesintuu (mermaid), 15

  Quetzalcoatl (god), 96

  Quillota, 109

  Quiroga, Facundo, 150

  Quispe Tito, Diego, 13–14

  Quito, 77, 78, 99, 117, 124

  Rabelais, François, 15

  Raleigh, Walter, 4

  Ramírez, Francisco, 121

  Ramirez, Pancho, 150

  Rancagua, 116

  Rapid City, 251

  Raynal, Guillaume, 40, 51

  Regeneration (newspaper), 256

  Reinaga, Julián, 113

  Revillagigedo, viceroy, 94

  Revue des Deux Mondes (newspaper), 149

  Rhode Island, 46

  Rimac River, 125

  Rio de Janeiro, 18, 30–31, 74, 75, 98, 116, 120, 124, 137, 140, 193, 205, 247, 253

  Rivadavia, Bernardino, 111, 112, 132–33

  Rivera, Fructuoso, 120–21, 144

  Rivera, Juan de Mata, 215

  River Plata, 20, 85, 98, 110, 132, 140, 149, 169, 229, 231

  River Plate Mining Association, 132

  Roberto (monk), 6

  Robertson, John and William, 110

  Robespierre, Maximilien, 76, 83

  Robinson, Simón: see Rodríguez, Simón

  Robinson Crusoe (Defoe), 7–8, 82

  Roca, Julio Argentino, 216

  Rockefeller, John D., 221–22

  Rodríguez, Manuel, 116

  Rodríguez, Simón, 81–82, 130–32, 153, 172–73, 177

  Rodríguez Boves, José Tomás, 107–8

  Rodríguez de Francia, Gaspar, 136–37, 193

  Rogers, Captain, 7

  Rome, 251, 252

  Roosevelt, Teddy, 248–49

  Rosario, Marcos del, 239–41

  Rosas, Juan Manuel de, 149, 160, 163, 169, 194

  Rossini, Gioacchino, 140

  Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 40, 82, 102

  Russwurm, John, 192

  Ruyloba, José Mariano, 127

  Saavedra, Comelio, 102

  Sáenz, Manuela, 117, 124–25, 134–35, 176–77

  Sáenz, Simón, 117

  Saint Basil’s Refuge, 10

  Saint John’s, 22

  Saint Joseph, 220

  Saint Lawrence River, 15

  Saint Louis, 252, 253

  Saint Petersburg, 84

  Salinas Valley, 3

  Samoa, 250

  San Andrés Itzapan, 43

  San Benito, 257

  San Borja, 182

  Sánchez, Juana, 197, 208–9

  San Cristóbal de Las Casas, 200

  San Cristóbal Ecatepec, 108

  Sandino, Augusto César, 241–42

  San Felipe, 106

  San Fernando, 116

  San Fernando de Apure, 119

  San Francisco, 166, 168, 169

  San Francisco monastery, 30

  Sangarara, 51, 52

  San Jacinto, 146–47

  San Jacinto convent, 106–7

  San Javier mission, 33

  San Jose, 158, 194, 237

  San Juan hill, 248, 249

  San Luis Conzaga mission, 35

  San Martín, José de, 122–23

  San Martin family, 112

  San Mateo, 81, 107, 108

  San Mateo Huitzilopochco, 43

  San Miguel, 115

  San Pablo, 115

  San Pedro, 62

  Sans-Souci, castle of, 114

  Santa Anna, Antonio López de, 146–47, 158–60, 184, 214

  Santa Catalina convent, 117

  Santa Cruz, Francisco, 56

  Santa Cruz y Espejo, Francisco Javier Eugenio de, 76–77

  Sante Fe, 119

  Sante Fe, Alberto, 215

  Santa Lucía hill, 115

  Santa María, 258

  Santa Marta, 11

  Santander, Francisco de Paula, 129, 134

  Santa Rosa de Lampa, 58

  Santa Teresa convent, 157

  Santiago de Chile, 115, 116, 141, 142, 174, 223, 233

  Santo Domingo, 76–77

  Santos Vargas, José, 113

  San Vicente, 143

  São Jose del Rei, 18

  São Paulo, 206, 246

  São Paulo University, 207

  São Salvador de Bahia, 4, 6, 28, 29–30, 31, 80

  Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino, 162, 169, 193, 194, 204, 235

  Sarratea, Manuel de, 111

  Saynday, Old Uncle, 165–66

  Scott, Mount, 211

  Seattle, Chief, 178–79

  Sebastian, king of Portugal, 238

  Segovia, Refugio, 237

  Selkirk, Alexander, 7, 24

  Servando, Fray, 96–97

  Sery (slave), 8

  Seville, 96

  Shafter, William, 247

  Shangó (god), 33

  Sheridan, Philip, 211

  Sicuani, 65

  Sierra Gorda, 215

  Sierra Leone River, 25

  Sierra Nevada, 11

  Sierra of Veracuz, 62

  Silva, Chica da, 31–32

  Silva, José Asunción, 243–44

  Silva, Pedro da, 15

  Silva Xavier, Joaquim Jose da (“tooth-puller”), 75–76

  Sioux Indians, 212, 222, 232–33, 251

  Siquiera, Jacinta de, 12

  Sisa, Bartolina, 63, 64

  Sitting Bull, Chief, 212, 222–23

  The Slaughterhouse (Echeverría), 149–50

  The Social Contract (Rousseau), 102

  The Socialist (newspaper), 215

  Socorro, 53–54, 64

  Solano López, Francisco, 193, 203

  Sorocaba monastery, 6

  South American Journal (newspaper), 233–34

  South Carolina, 46

  Souza, Tomás de, 12

  Sowersby, Lieutenant Colonel, 127

  Spain and the Spaniards, 4, 9, 24, 32, 34, 58, 94, 96, 108, 109, 114, 125, 127, 161, 187, 247–48, 249

  Standard Oil, 221

  Statue of Liberty, 250

  Stephens, John Lloyd, 151

  Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 192

  Strangford, Lord, 111

  Strauss, Levi, 168

  Sucre, Antonio José de, 127, 128, 131, 138

  Surinam, 8, 40, 45

  Tabi, 258

  Tacuabé (Indian warrior), 144

  Támara. 54

  Tameme Indians, 86–87

  Tampa, 239

  Tarabuco, 113

  Tarapacá desert, 218, 223, 227

  Tarascan Indians, 201

  Tarata, 188, 189

  Tegucigalpa, 150

  Tempú, camp, 209

  Teotitlán del Camino, 225

  Tepehua Indians, 61�
��62

  Tepeyac sanctuary, 99

  Tequendama waterfall, 91

  Terán, Francisco Alonso, 86

  Texas, 146–47, 148, 160

  Texmelucan, 215

  Tezmalaca, 108

  Thomas, Saint, 96

  Thorne, James, 117, 135

  Thornton, Edward, 193

  Tijuco, 31

  Tinta, 58

  Titicaca, Lake, 15, 63

  Toluca, 68

  Tonalá, 68

  Torre Tagle, Marquess of, 125

  Toussaint L’Ouverture, 76, 91, 93

  Trelawny Town, 22

  Trinidad, 97

  Tristán, Flora, 143, 243

  Tubman, Harriet, 193

  Tucumán, 51

  Tudor, William, 139

  Tukan Indians, 89

  Tulijá River, 86

  Tungasuca, 52, 58

  Tunupa (god), 15

  Túpac Amaru, 51

  Túpac Amaru II, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56–59, 60, 61, 62, 65

  Túpac Amaru, Fernando, 60–61, 87

  Túpac Amaru, Hipólito, 58, 60

  Túpac Catari, 63, 64

  Turner, Nat, 192

  Twain, Mark, 231–32, 250–51

  Uc, Jacinto: see Canek, Jacinto

  Umantuu (mermaid), 15

  Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 192

  United Fruit Company, 250

  United States Marines, 226

  United States of America, 46, 47, 97, 133, 139, 147, 160–61, 169, 173, 185–86, 187, 190–93, 212, 220, 244, 247–48, 250–51

  United States Rubber Company, 244

  Urquiza, Justo José de, 194

  Uruana, 89

  Uruguay, 106, 139–40, 144, 162, 193, 194, 234

  Uruguay River, 20, 34, 105

  Usher, Archbishop, 145

  Valencia, 106, 139

  Valladolid de Yucatán, 165

  Valparaíso, 97, 153, 164, 166, 227

  Varela, Felipe, 196

  Vasco de Quiroga, Bishop, 101

  Vassouras, 206

  Venezuela, 82, 97, 106, 107, 114, 120, 122, 138, 139

  Veracruz, 94, 97, 153

  Versailles, 71

  Viana, Francisco Javier de, 116

  Victoria, queen of England, 228

  Vieira, Antonio, 4

  Vigilance Tribunal, 115

  Vila Nova do Príncipe, 12

  Villagrán, Rasahía, 126–27

  Villa of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 161

  Villarroel (lawyer), 66–67

  Villasana, Eugenio, 108

  Villegas, Micaela (La Perricholi), 37, 38

  Virginia, 46, 48, 146, 192

  Virgin Mary, 14

  Virgin of Candelaria, 33

  Virgin of Guadalupe, 99, 101

  Virgin of Montserrat, 62

  Virgin of Remedios, 99

  Viricota plateau, 19

  Voltaire, 15, 40, 51

  Vuelta de Obligado, 160

  Walker, David, 192

  Walker, William, 178–80, 181

  War Bonnet Creek, 213

  Washington, D.C., 185, 190, 191, 234, 248, 250

  Washington, George, 50

  Washington Territory, 178

  Washita River, 165

  Weld, Theodore, 192

  Wells, Ida, 248

  Wheeler, John, 180

  Whitman, Walt, 177–78

  Wild West Show, 251, 252

  Williamson, J.G., 139

  Windward Indians, 23

  Winiger, Joseph, 229

  Wolfe, James, 36

  Wounded Knee, 232, 233

  Wovoka (Indian prophet), 232

  Yaqui Indians, 201

  Yellow Hand, Chief, 213

  Yerbas Buenas, 166

  Young, General, 247

  Yucatán, 26, 109, 165, 171, 183, 184, 201, 256–57, 258

  Zabeth (slave), 42

  Zacatecas, 19, 86

  Zapotec Indians, 200

  Zea, Francisco Antonio, 120

  Zipaquirá, 54, 91

  Zorrilla, José, 184

  Acknowledgments

  In addition to the friends mentioned in Genesis, who continued collaborating through this second volume, many others have facilitated the author’s access to the necessary bibliography. Among them, Mariano Baptista Gumucio, Olga Behar, Claudia Canales, Hugo Chumbita, Galeno de Freitas, Horacio de Marsilio, Bud Flakoll, Piruncha and Jorge Galeano, Javier Lentini, Alejandro Losada, Paco Moncloa, Lucho Nieto, Rigoberto Paredes, Rius, Lincoln Silva, Cintio Vitier, and Rene Zavaleta Mercado.

  This time the following nobly undertook to read the first draft: Jorge Enrique Adoum, Mario Benedetti, Edgardo Carvalho, Antonio Doñate, Juan Gelman, Maria Elena Martinez, Ramirez Contreras, Lina Rodríguez, Miguel Rojas-Mix, Nicole Rouan, Pilar Royo, Cesar Salsamendi, Jose Maria Valverde, and Federico Vogelius. They suggested several changes and caught foolish and silly mistakes.

  Once again Helena Villagra accompanied the work step by step, sharing tailwinds and setbacks, to the last line with mysterious patience.

  This book

  is dedicated to Tomás Borge, to Nicaragua.

  Century of the Wind

  Memory of Fire, Volume Three

  Eduardo Galeano

  Translated by Cedric Belfrage

  “I believe in memory not as a place of arrival, but as point of departure—a catapult throwing you into present times, allowing you to imagine the future instead of accepting it. It would be absolutely impossible for me to have any connection with history if history were just a collection of dead people, dead names, dead facts. That’s why I wrote Memory of Fire in the present tense, trying to keep alive everything that happened and allow it to happen again, as soon as the reader reads it.”

  EDUARDO GALEANO

  Contents

  Preface

  1900: San José de Gracia The World Goes On

  1900: West Orange, New Jersey Edison

  1900: Montevideo Rodó

  1901: New York This Is America, to the South There’s Nothing

  1901: In All Latin America Processions Greet the Birth of the Century

  1901: Amiens Verne

  1902: Quetzaltenango The Government Decides That Reality Doesn’t Exist

  1902: Guatemala City Estrada Cabrera

  1902: Saint Pierre Only the Condemned Is Saved

  1903: Panama City The Panama Canal

  1903: Panama City Casualties of This War: One Chinese, One Burro,

  1903: La Paz Huilka

  1904: Rio de Janeiro Vaccine

  1905: Montevideo The Automobile,

  1905: Montevideo The Decadent Poets

  1905: Ilopango Miguel at One Week

  1906: Paris Santos Dumont

  1907: Sagua la Grande Lam

  1907: Iquique The Flags of Many Countries

  1907: Rio Batalha Nimuendajú

  1908: Asunción Barrett

  1908: San Andrés de Sotavento The Government Decides That Indians Don’t Exist

  1908: San Andrés de Sotavento Portrait of a Master of Lives and Estates

  1908: Guanape Portrait of Another Master of Lives and Estates

  1908: Mérida, Yucatán Curtain Time and After

  1908: Ciudad Juárez Wanted

  1908: Caracas Castro

  1908: Caracas Dolls

  1909: Paris A Theory of National Impotence

  1909: New York Charlotte

  1909: Managua Inter-American Relations at Work

  1910: Amazon Jungle The People Eaters

  1910: Rio de Janeiro The Black Admiral

  1910: Rio de Janeiro Portrait of Brazil’s Most Expensive Lawyer

  1910: Rio de Janeiro Reality and the Law Seldom Meet

  1910: Mauricio Colony Tolstoy

  1910: Havana The Cinema

  1910: Mexico City The Centennial and Love

  1910: Mexico City The Centennial and Food

  1910: Mexico City The Centennial and Art

  1910: Mexico City The Centennial and the Dictator


  1911: Anenecuilco Zapata

  1911: Mexico City Madero

  1911: The Fields of Chihuahua Pancho Villa

  1911: Machu Picchu The Last Sanctuary of the Incas

  1912: Quito Alfaro

  Sad Verses from the Ecuadoran Songbook

  1912: Cantón Santa Ana Chronicle of the Customs of Manabí

  1912: Pajeú de Flores Family Wars

  1912: Daiquirí Daily Life in the Caribbean: An Invasion

  1912: Niquinohomo Daily Life in Central America: Another Invasion

  1912: Mexico City Huerta

  1913: Mexico City An Eighteen-Cent Rope

  1913: Jonacatepec The Hordes Are Not Destroyed

  Zapata and Those Two

  1913: The Plains of Chihuahua The North of Mexico Celebrates War and Fiesta

  1913: Culiacán Bullets

  1913: The Fields of Chihuahua One of These Mornings I Murdered Myself,

  1914: Montevideo Batlle

  1914: San Ignacio Quiroga

  1914: Montevideo Delmira

  1914: Ciudad Jiménez Chronicler of Angry Peoples

  1914: Salt Lake City Songster of Angry Peoples

  1914: Torreón By Rail They March to Battle

  1914: The Fields of Morelos It’s Time to Get Moving and Fight,

  1914: Mexico City Huerta Flees

  1915: Mexico City Power Ungrasped

  1915: Tlaltizapán Agrarian Reform

  1915: El Paso Azuela

  1916: Tlaltizapán Carranza

  1916: Buenos Aires Isadora

  1916: New Orleans Jazz

  1916: Columbus Latin America Invades the United States

  1916: León Darío

  1917: The Fields of Chihuahua and Durango Eagles into Hens

  1918: Córdoba Moldy Scholars

  1918: Córdoba “The Pains That Linger Are the Liberties We Lack,” Proclaims the Student Manifesto

  1918: Ilopango Miguel at Thirteen

  1918: The Mountains of Morelos Ravaged Land, Living Land

  1918: Mexico City The New Bourgeoisie is Born Lying

  1919: Cuautla This Man Taught Them That Life Is Not Only Fear of Suffering and Hope for Death

  Ballad of the Death of Zapata

  1919: Hollywood Chaplin

  1919: Hollywood Keaton

  1919: Memphis Thousands of People Flock to the Show,

  1921: Rio de Janeiro Rice Powder

  1921: Rio de Janeiro Pixinguinha

  1921: Rio de Janeiro Brazil’s Fashionable Author

  1922: Toronto This Reprieve

  1922: Leavenworth For Continuing to Believe That All Belongs to All

  1922: The Fields of Patagonia The Worker-Shoot

  1923: Guayas River Crosses Float in the River,

  1923: Acapulco The Function of the Forces of Order in the Democratic Process

  1923: Azángaro Urviola

  1923: Callao Mariátegui

  1923: Buenos Aires Snapshot of a Worker-Hunter

  1923: Tampico Traven

  1923: The Fields of Durango Pancho Villa Reads the Thousand and One Nights,

  1923: Mexico City/Parral The People Donated a Million Dead to the Mexican Revolution

 

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