Stalin
Page 99
Karpov, Vladimir, Marshal Zhukov: Opala, Moscow 1994
Karpov, Vladimir, Rastrelyanniye Marshaly, Moscow 2000
“Career of Communications Worker Vladimir Kazakov,” Nezavisimoe Voennoe Obrozenie, vol. 19, p. 5, 2002
Kahan, Stuart, Wolf of the Kremlin, New York 1987
Kemp-Welch, A., Stalin and the Literary Intelligentsia, London 1991
Kenez, Peter, Cinema and Soviet Society from the Revolution to the Death of Stalin, London 2001
Khlevniuk, Oleg Le Circle du Kremlin, Staline et le bureau politique dans les annees 30: les jeux du pouvoir, Paris 1996
Khlevniuk, Oleg, Stalin NKVD i sovetskoe obshchestvo, Moscow 1993
Khlevniuk, Oleg, In Stalin’s Shadow: The Career of Sergo Ordzhonikidze , New York 1993
Khlevniuk, Oleg, Stalinskoe Politburo v 1930 gody. Sbornik dokumentov , Moscow 1995
Khlevniuk, Oleg, Y. Gorlizki, A. I. Miniuk, M. Y. Prozymenshikov, L. A. Rogovaya and S. V. Somonova (eds.), Politburo TsK BKP i Sovet Ministrov SSSR 1945–53, Moscow 2002
Kirilina, A. A. L’Assassinat de Kirov, Paris 1995
Knight, Amy, Who Killed Kirov? The Kremlin’s Greatest Mystery, New York 1999
Knight, Amy, Beria: Stalin’s First Lieutenant, Princeton, NJ 1993
Kojevnikov, Alexei, Games of Stalinist Democracy: Ideological Discussions in Soviet Sciences, 1947–1952 in Sheila Fitzpatrick, Stalinism: New Directions, London 2000
Kotkin, Stephen, Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a Civilization, University of California, 1995
Korol, V. E., A. I. Sliusarenko, and I. U. Nikolaenko, “Tragic 1941 and Ukraine: New Aspect of Problems,” Slavic Military Studies, vol. 11, no. 1, Mar. 1998
Kostyrchenko, Gennadi, Out of the Red Shadows: Anti-Semitism in Stalin’s Russia, New York 1995
Kulikov, E., M. Miakgov and O. Rzheshevsky, Voina 1941–1945, Moscow 2001
Kun, Miklos, Stalin: An Unknown Portrait, New York and Budapest 2003
Kuznetsov, I. I., “Stalin’s Minister VI Abakumov,” Slavic Military Studies, vol. 12, no. 1, Mar. 1999
Kuznetsov, I. I., “KGB General Naum Isakovich Eitingon 1899–1991,” Slavic Military Studies, vol. 14, no. 1, Mar. 2001
Lakoba, S., Ocherki po politicheskoy istorii Abkhazii, Sukhumi 1990
Lastours, S. de, Toukhatchevski, Paris 1996
Lebedeva, N. S., Katyn, Moscow 1994
Levashov, Viktor, Mikhoels: Ubiystvo Mikhoelsa, Moscow 1998
Lewis, Jonathan, and Phillip Whitehead, Stalin: Time for Judgement, London 1990
Leyda, Jay, Kino: History of Russian and Soviet Film, London 1973
Likhanov, D., and V. Nikonov, “La pochistil OGPU,” in Sovershenno sekretno 1992, 4
Loguinov, V., Taini Stalina, General Vlasik i yego soratniki, Moscow 2000
Malia, Martin, The Soviet Tragedy: A History of Socialism 1917–2000, New York 1994
Marcucci, L., Il Commissario di Ferro di Stalin, Turin 1997
Mariamov, Grigory, Kremlevskiy tsenzor: Stalin smotrit kino, Moscow 1986
McLoughlin, Barry, and Kevin McDermott, Stalin’s Terror: High Politics and Mass Repression in the Soviet Union, London 2002
Medvedev, Roy, Let History Judge, London 1976
Medvedev, Roy, On Stalin and Stalinism, Oxford 1979
Medvedev, Roy, Khrushchev, New York 1983
Medvedev, Roy, All Stalin’s Men: Six Who Carried the Bloody Purges, New York 1985
Medvedev, Roy, Neizvestnyi Stalin, Moscow 2001
Medvedev, Roy and Zhores, Politicheskiy dnevnik, Amsterdam 1975
Medvedev, Zhores, The Rise and Fall of T. D. Lysenko, New York 1969
Mee, Charles L. Jr., Meeting at Potsdam, London 1975
Merridale, Catherine, Night of Stone: Death and Memory in Russia, London 2000
Merridale, C., Moscow Politics and the Rise of Stalin: The Communist Party in the Capital 1925–32, Basingstoke/London 1990
Morgan, Ted, FDR, London 1985
Munn, Michael, John Wayne: The Man Behind the Myth, London 2003
Naumov, V., 1941 god, Dokumenty, Moscow 2000
Nekrasov, V. F., Beria: Konets kariery, Moscow 1991
Nekrasov, V. F., Zelezhnyi Narkom, Moscow 1995
Nenarakov, A., “Shatbs/Kapitan, Marshall, Vrag Naroda, Yegorov,” Rodina, no. 10, 1989
Nevakivi, Jukka (ed.), Finnish-Soviet Relations 1944–1948, Helsinki 1994
Nevezhin, V. A., “Stalin’s 5th May Address: The Experience of Interpretation,” Slavic Military Studies, vol. 11, no. 1, Mar. 1998
Nove, Alex (ed.), The Stalin Phenomenon, New York 1993
Overy, Richard, Russia’s War, London 1997
Papkov, S. A., Stalinsky Terror v Sibiri 1928–1941, Novosibirsk 1997
Parrish, Michael, The Lesser Terror: Soviet State Security 1939–1953, London 1996
Parrish, Michael, “Downfall of the Iron Commissar NI Yezhov 1938–1940” Slavic Military Studies, vol. 14, June 2001
Parrish, Michael, “The Last Relic: Serov,” Slavic Military Studies, vol. 10, Sept. 1997
Pavlenko, N. G., “GK Zhukov: Iz neopublikovanykh vospominaniy,” Kommunist, vol. 14, Sept. 1988
Pavlenko, N.G., “Razmyshleniya o sudbe polkovodtsa,” VIZh, no. 10, 11, 12, 1988
Pechatov, Vladimir O., “The Allies are pressing on you to break your will . . .” Foreign Policy Correspondence between Stalin and Molotov and other Politburo members, September 1945–December 1946, Working Paper 26, Cold War International History Project, Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars, Washington, D.C.
Perrie, Maureen, The Cult of Ivan the Terrible in Stalin’s Russia, London 2001
Perlmutter, Amos, A Not So Grand Alliance 1943–45, Columbia, MO 1994
Petrov, N. V., and K. V. Scorkin, Kto Rukovodil NKVD 1934–41: Spravochnik, Moscow 1999
Pipes, Richard, The Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism 1917–1923, Cambridge, MA 1954
Pipes, Richard, Russia Under the Bolshevik Regime 1919–1924, London 1994
Polianski, A., Yezhov: Istoriya zheleznogo stalinskogo narkoma, Moscow 2001
Pope, Arthur Upham, Maxim Litvinov, London 1943
Popov, B. S. and V. G. Oppokov, “Berievshchina,” VIZh, no. 3, 1990
Porter, Cathy, Alexandra Kollantai, London 1980
Povartsov, S., Prichina smerti-rastrel, Moscow 1996
Raanan, Gavriel D., International Policy Formation in the USSR Factional “Debates” during the Zhdanovshchina, Hamden, CT 1983
Radosh, R., M. R. Habeck, G. Sevostianov (eds.), Spain Betrayed the Soviet Union in the Spanish Civil War, New Haven, CT 2001
Radzinsky, Edvard, Stalin, London 1996
Read, Christopher, The Stalin Years: A Reader, London 2003
Read, Anthony, and David Fisher, The Deadly Embrace: Hitler, Stalin and the Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939–1941, London 1988
Rees, E. A., Stalinism and Soviet Rail Transport 1928–1941, London 1995
Reese, R. R., Stalin’s Reluctant Soldiers: A Social History of the Red Army, Kansas 1996
Richardson, Rosamond, The Long Shadow: Inside Stalin’s Family, London 1993
Rieber, Alfred J., “Stalin Man of the Borderlands,” American History Review, vol. 106, no. 5, Dec. 2001
Riehl, Nikolaus, and Frederick Seitz, Stalin’s Captive: Nikolaus Riehl and the Soviet Race for the Bomb, London 1996
Rigby, T. H., “Was Stalin a Disloyal Patron?,” Soviet Studies 38, no. 3, July 1986
Rigby, T. H., Political Elites in the USSR, Aldershot 1990
Ritterspoon, G. T., Stalinist Simplifications and Soviet Complications: Social Tensions and Political Conflicts in the USSR, 1933–53, Philadelphia 1991
Roberts, Andrew, The Holy Fox: A Biography of Lord Halifax, London 1991
Roberts, Geoffrey, “Beware Greek Gifts: The Churchill/Stalin Percentages Agreement of October 1944,” Churchill and Stalin, FCO Historians’ Conference 2002
Rogovin, Vadim Z., 1937: Stalin’s Year of Terror, Oak Park, MI 1988
> Rosenfeldt, N. E., Knowledge and Power: The Role of Stalin’s Secret Chancellery in the Soviet System of Government, Copenhagen 1978
Rubenstein, Joshua, Tangled Loyalties: The Life and Times of Ilya Ehrenburg, London 1996
Rubenstein, Joshua, and Vladimir P. Naumov, Stalin’s Secret Pogrom: The Postwar Inquisition of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, New Haven, CT 2001
Rubtsov, Y., Alter Ego Stalina: Stranitsy politicheskoi biografi LZ Mekhlisa, Moscow 1999
Rubtsov, Y., Marshay Stalina, Rostov 2000
Rybakov, Anatoly, Children of the Arbat, Boston 1988
Rzheshevsky, O. A., Vtoraya Mirovaya Voina, Moscow 1995
Rzheshevsky, O. A. (ed.), War and Diplomacy: The Making of the Grand Alliance, New York 1996
Rzheshevsky, O. A., “Winston Churchill in Moscow 1942,” Churchill and Stalin, FCO Historians Conference 2002
Sainsbury, K., The Turning Point, London 1986
Salisbury, Harrison, 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad, London 1969 (r/p: 2000)
Seaton Albert, Stalin as Military Commander, Conshohocken, PA 1998
Service, Robert, The Bolshevik Party in Revolution: A Study in Organizational Change 1917–23, London 1979
Service, Robert, A History of 20th Century Russia, London 1997
Service, Robert, Joseph Stalin: The Making of a Stalinist, John Channon (ed.), Politics, Society and Stalinism in the USSR, London 1998
Service, Robert, Lenin, London 2000
Service, Robert, “Architectural Problems of Reform: From Design to Collapse,” Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, vol. 2, no. 2, autumn 2001
Shapiro, Leonard, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union, London 1970
Sheinis, Z., Maxim Maximovich Litvinov, Moscow 1989
Shentalinsky,Vitaly, The KGB’s Literary Archive, London 1995
Shentalinsky, Vitaly, “Okhota v revzapovednike,” Novy Mir , no. 12, 1998
Shukman, Harold (ed.), Stalin’s Generals, London 1993
Shukman, Harold (ed.), Stalin and the Soviet–Finnish War 1939–1940 , London 2002
Siegelbaum, Lewis, and Andrei Sokolov (ed.), Stalinism as a Way of Life: A Narrative in Documents, New Haven, CT 2001
Smith, Edward Ellis, Young Stalin, New York 1967
Soyfer, Valery, Lysenko and the Tragedy of Soviet Science, NJ 1994
Spahr, William J., Stalin’s Lieutenants: A Study of Command Under Duress , Novato, CA 1997
Spahr, William J., Zhukov: The Rise and Fall of a Great Captain, Novato, CA 1995
Starr, S. Frederick, Red and Hot: The Fate of Jazz in the Soviet Union, 1917–80, Oxford 1983
Stoliarov, K. A., Golgofa, Moscow 1991
Sukhomlinov, A., Vasily: Syn Vozhdya, Moscow 2001
Sulianov, Anatoli, Arrestovat v Kremle. O zhizni i smerti marshala Beria: Povest, Minsk 1991
Suny, Ronald Grigor, The Making of the Georgian Nation, Stanford, CA 1988
Suvenirov, O. F., Tragediya RKKA 1937–8, Moscow 1998
Taubman, William, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era, London 2003
Taubman, William, Sergei Khrushchev and Abbott Gleason, Nikita Khrushchev , New Haven, CT 2000
Taylor, A. J. P., Beaverbrook, London 1972
Thomas, Hugh, Armed Truce: The Beginnings of the Cold War 1945–6 , London 1986
Thurston, Robert W., Life and Terror in Stalin’s Russia 1934–41, New Haven, CT 1996
Trepper, L., Bolshaya igra, Moscow 1990
Tolstoy, Nikolai, The Tolstoys, London 1983
Tolstoy, Nikolai, Stalin’s Secret War, London 1981
Torchinov, B. A., and A. M. Lentiuk, Vokrug Stalina, St. Petersburg 2000
Toranska, Teresa, Oni: Stalin’s Polish Puppets, London 1987
Tucker, Robert, Stalin as Revolutionary, New York 1974
Tucker, Robert, Stalin in Power: The Revolution from Above, New York 1990
Tucker, Robert, Stalinism: Essays in Historical Interpretation, New Brunswick, NJ 2000
Ushakov, S., and A. A. Stukakov, Front Voennykh Prokurorov, Moscow 2000 Uspenski, V. D., Tainyi Sovetnik Vozhdya, Moscow 1992
Vaksberg, Arkady, Stalin Against the Jews, New York 1995
Vaksberg, Arkady, Stalin’s Prosecutor: The Life of Andrei Vyshinsky, New York 1991
Vaksberg, Arkady, “Delo marshala Zhukova: nerazorvavshayasya bomba,” Literaturnaya Gazeta, no. 32, 5 August 1992
Vasilieva, Larissa, Kremlin Wives, London 1994
Vasilieva, Larissa, Kremlevskie Zheny, Moscow 2001
Vasilieva, Larissa, Deti Kremlya, Moscow 2001
Veiskopf, Mikhail, Pisatel Stalin, Moscow 2001
Volkogonov, Dmitri, Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy, London 1991
Volkogonov, Dmitri, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire, London 1998
Watson, Derek, “The Early Career of VM Molotov,” CREES Discussion Papers, Soviet Industrialisation Project Series, Univ. of Birmingham, vol. 26, 1986
Watson, Derek, Molotov and Soviet Government: Sovnarkom 1930–41 , Basingstoke 1996
Wheatley, Dennis, Red Eagle: The Story of the Russian Revolution and of Klimenty Efremovitch Voroshilov, Marshal and Commissar for Defence of the USSR, London 1938
Yakovlev, Alexander, A Century of Violence in Soviet Russia, New Haven, CT 2002
Yakovlev, A. N., R. Pikhoya, and A. Geishtor, Katyn, Moscow 1997
Yakovlev, N. N., Zhukov, Moscow 1992
Young, Gordon, Stalin’s Heirs: Who’s Who in Soviet Russia, London 1953
Zenkovich, N. A., Marshaly i genseki, Smolensk 1997
Zhavoronkov, G., “I suitsa nochiu den,” Sintaksis, no. 32 (1992)
Zhirnov, E., “Gornichnyh Predstavit k Nagradam,” Vlast, vol. 16, 2000
Zhirnov, E., “Conversation with Office Manager of USSR Council of Ministers Mikhail Smirtukov,” Vlast, vol. 2 (Molotov), vol. 7 (Bulganin), vol. 5 (Malenkov), vol. 25 (Stalin), 2000
Zhukov, Y. N., “Borba za vlast v rukovodstve SSSR v 1945–1952,” Voprosy Istorii, no. 1, 1995
Zhukov, Y. N., “Tainy Kremlevskogo dela 1935 goda i sudba Avelia Yenukidze,” Voprosy Istorii, no. 9, 2000
Zubkova, Elena, “Obshchestvennaya atmosphera posle voiny (1945–1946),” Svobodnaya Mysl, no. 6, 1992
Zubok, Vladislav, and Constantine Pleshakov, Inside the Kremlin’s Cold War: From Stalin to Khrushchev, Harvard 1996
Stalin kisses his daughter Svetlana on holiday, early 1930s. He adored her: her freckles and red hair resembled those of his mother Keke, but her intelligence and obstinacy came from Stalin himself. He called her “the Boss” and let her give mock orders to his henchmen. He was affectionate . . . until she started to grow up.
Nadya was much less affectionate, more strict and puritanical with the children: when she gave birth to their first son, she walked to hospital. She had a special relationship with the fragile and truculent Vasily—but she was primarily a Bolshevik career woman who left the upbringing of her children to nannies. Here she holds Svetlana, who longed for her love.
Stalin and his driver in the front seat with Nadya in the back of one of the Kremlin limousines: these were usually Packards, Buicks and Rolls-Royces. Nadya and Stalin lived ascetically, but he personally took great trouble to assign cars and apartments to his henchmen—and even sometimes to their children. Each family received about three cars.
Stalin and Nadya enjoyed cosy, loving holidays on the Black Sea, though both had fiery tempers and there were often rows. The rulers of Soviet Russia were a tiny oligarchy who tended to holiday and dine together constantly: here are the Stalins (on the right) with the plodding Molotov and his clever, passionate Jewish wife, Polina. Stalin and Nadya laughed at Molotov. But the dictator never forgave Polina’s friendship with Nadya.
At Zubalovo, their country house near Moscow, the Stalins and the other top families enjoyed idyllic weekends. Here Stalin comes in from the garden, carrying Svetlana.
Stalin built his power slowly, informally and charmingly—despite the rigid façade of Party Congress, Cent
ral Committee and Politburo. The real business took place behind the scenes in the Kremlin’s smoky corridors. Here in 1927, Stalin chats at a Party Congress with allies Sergo Ordzhonikidze and (right) Premier Alexei Rykov. But Rykov soon opposed Stalin’s harsh policies—and paid the supreme penalty.
Stalin had been the dominant Soviet leader since the mid-twenties—but he was not yet dictator. Many of his magnates were powerful in their own right. Here at a Party Congress, Stalin holds court among his grandees: Sergo Ordzhonikidze (front left) and Klim Voroshilov turn to face him; Kirov (standing, to right of Stalin) laughs, while Kaganovich and Mikoyan (far right) and Postyshev (second from left) listen.
After her tragic death, Nadya lay in state. Stalin never recovered from her suicide and avenged himself on those who he believed had encouraged her. “She crippled me,” he said. He sobbed when he saw her in her coffin. “Don’t cry, Papa,” said Vasily, who was holding his hand.
Nadya’s funeral: Stalin walked for a while behind the surprisingly traditional coffin, but then he drove on to the cemetery. His chief of personal security Pauker, a Jewish former hairdresser from the Budapest Opera, arranged the orchestra that can be seen on the right.
Stalin leaving the Kremlin’s Great Palace with two of his closest allies: Sergo Ordzhonikidze, the flamboyant, irascible and emotional scourge of his enemies, who was said to be “the perfect Bolshevik,” and to resemble a “Georgian prince,” stands in the middle. Mikhail “Papa” Kalinin (with walking stick), the Soviet Head of State, was a genial, womanising ex-peasant. Kalinin opposed Stalin—he was lucky to survive. Sergo confronted Stalin and found himself cornered.
Lazar Kaganovich, a brawny and handsome Jewish cobbler, was Stalin’s coarse, energetic, cruel and intelligent deputy in the 1930s. Here during the famine that accompanied collectivisation, he personally leads an expedition into the Siberian countryside to search for grain hidden by peasants. The pace of Stalin’s campaigns was punishing: Kaganovich (below, in middle) falls asleep afterwards surrounded by his officials and secret policemen.
The magnates were so close they were like a family: “Uncle Abel” Yenukidze (left) was Nadya’s godfather, Stalin’s old friend, a senior official and a sybaritic bachelor with a taste for ballerinas. Stalin came to resent his familiarity. Voroshilov (on the right), dapper, good-natured, stupid, envious and brutal, made his name in the Battle of Tsaritsyn and, in 1937, supervised the massacre of about 40,000 of his own officers.