Gladstone: A Biography

by Roy Jenkins

  National Liberal Club: WEG lays foundation stone ref 1, ref 2

  National Liberal Federation ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  National Press Agency ref 1, ref 2

  naval estimates (1893) ref 1

  Nettleship, Edward ref 1

  Newark, Nottinghamshire

  WEG elected MP for ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  WEG loses seat (1845) ref 1, ref 2

  Newbolt, Sir Henry ref 1

  Newcastle, Henry Clinton, 4th Duke of

  as WEG’s parliamentary patron ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  refuses to support Peel’s anti-Corn Laws ref 1n

  death ref 1

  Newcastle, Henry Clinton, 5th Duke of (formerly Earl of Lincoln)

  at Eton with WEG ref 1

  at Christ Church, Oxford ref 1

  debating ref 1

  in Rome ref 1

  as Commissioner of Woods and Forests ref 1

  and WEG’s losing Newark seat ref 1

  and Peel’s defeat ref 1

  wife leaves ref 1

  and WEG’s 1853 budget ref 1

  death ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  and Crimean War ref 1

  divorce ref 1

  and WEG’s commission in Ionian Islands ref 1

  in Palmerston’s 1859 government ref 1

  friendship with WEG ref 1, ref 2

  and repeal of paper duties ref 1

  estate ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  and Laura Thistlethwayte ref 1, ref 2

  Newcastle Programme ref 1

  Newcastle-upon-Tyne: WEG visits and speaks in ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Newdegate, Charles Newdigate ref 1

  Newman, John Henry, Cardinal

  age ref 1

  at Oriel College ref 1, ref 2

  becomes vicar of St Mary’s, Oxford ref 1

  opposes Peel on Catholic Emancipation ref 1

  received into Roman Catholic church ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  qualities and character ref 1

  preaching ref 1

  self-scourging ref 1

  attitude to re-established Catholic hierarchy in England ref 1

  returns to Oxford ref 1

  made Cardinal ref 1

  WEG invites to Eastern Question meeting ref 1

  WEG visits with Chamberlain ref 1

  death ref 1

  The Idea of a University ref 1

  Loss and Gain (novel) ref 1

  ‘Tract 90’ ref 1

  newspapers: effect of removal of paper duties on ref 1

  Nice ref 1, ref 2

  Nineteenth Century (magazine) ref 1n, ref 2

  Nonconformists: opposition to Parnell ref 1

  Norfolk, Henry Charles Howard, 13th Duke of ref 1

  Norfolk, Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of ref 1

  North American Review ref 1, ref 2

  North, Frederick, Lord (2nd Earl of Guilford) ref 1

  Northbourne, Walter Charles James, 1st Lord ref 1

  Northbrook, Thomas George Baring, 1st Earl of

  appointed First Lord of Admiralty ref 1, ref 2

  and Sudan affairs ref 1, ref 2

  1886 withdrawal ref 1

  contributes to Granville estate ref 1

  Northcote, Sir Stafford (later 1st Earl of Iddesleigh)

  WEG requests renewal of secretarial services ref 1n

  and civil service reform ref 1

  in Irish Church Bill debate ref 1

  and Alabama settlement ref 1

  WEG defeats for Rectorship of Glasgow University ref 1

  as party leader in Commons ref 1

  and malt tax ref 1

  and Bradlaugh oath question ref 1

  Lord Randolph Churchill humiliates ref 1

  and Disraeli’s funeral ref 1

  WEG’s view of ref 1

  provokes riot in Birmingham ref 1

  and redistribution of parliamentary seats ref 1

  Northern Echo (Darlington newspaper) ref 1

  Northumberland, Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of ref 1

  Norway: WEG’s cruise to ref 1

  Oak Farm ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  O’Brien, Barry ref 1

  O’Brien, William ref 1

  O’Connell, Daniel ref 1

  O’Connor, Arthur ref 1

  O’Connor, Thomas Power ref 1

  O’Hagan, Thomas, 1st Lord ref 1

  Opdebeck, Lady Susan (formerly Countess of Lincoln; née Douglas)

  leaves husband ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  appeals to WEG for help (1881) ref 1

  opium trade ref 1

  Opium War (1840) ref 1

  Oriel College, Oxford ref 1

  Orsini, Felice ref 1

  Osborne, Isle of Wight ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  O’Shea, Katherine ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Parnell marries ref 1

  O’Shea, Captain William ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Otho (Otto), King of Greece ref 1, ref 2

  Outram, Zadok ref 1

  Oxford and Cambridge: 1851 Royal Commission on ref 1, ref 2

  Oxford Movement (Anglican Apostolic or Catholic movement) ref 1

  Oxford University

  WEG at (Christ Church) ref 1, ref 2

  Union Society ref 1

  WEG represents as MP ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14

  Peel sits for ref 1, ref 2

  religious controversies at ref 1

  grants honorary degree to WEG ref 1

  reforms ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  WEG defeated at (1865) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Heathcote sits for ref 1n

  religious requirements ref 1

  and Ewelme appointments ref 1

  goodwill message to dying WEG ref 1

  see also Romanes Lecture

  Oxford University Press ref 1

  Pacifico, David (Don) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Pall Mall Gazette ref 1

  Palmer, Roundell see Selborne, 1st Earl of ref 1

  Palmerston Club, Oxford ref 1

  Palmerston, Emily Mary, Viscountess ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount

  parliamentary and ministerial career ref 1, ref 2

  WEG attacks over Opium War ref 1

  WEG dislikes ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Whiggism ref 1

  Grey’s hostility to ref 1

  and Don Pacifico ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  supports WEG over Neapolitan protest ref 1, ref 2

  congratulates Louis Napoleon ref 1, ref 2

  defeats Russell on Militia Bill ref 1

  dismissed by Russell ref 1

  not in Derby’s 1851 government ref 1

  influence ref 1

  and WEG’s 1853 budget ref 1

  relations with WEG ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  forms 1855 government ref 1, ref 2

  and Foreign Office reform ref 1

  opposes civil service reform proposals ref 1

  and Crimean War ref 1, ref 2

  and collapse of Aberdeen coalition ref 1

  succeeds Russell as leader of Commons ref 1

  1857 election victory ref 1

  acts against Chinese for supposed piracy ref 1

  resigns over Conspiracy to Murder Bill ref 1

  transfers Ionian Islands to Greece ref 1

  WEG’s agreements with ref 1

  opposes Disraeli’s 1859 Reform Bill ref 1

  Tiverton speech on Italy ref 1

  and beginnings of Liberal Party ref 1

  and fall of Derby government ref 1

  forms 1859 government ref 1

  WEG serves under as Chancellor of Exchequer ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  death and funeral ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  economic policy and budgeting ref 1, ref 2

  on keeping WEG in Oxford constituency ref 1

 
on WEG’s ambitions ref 1

  and Italy ref 1

  WEG toasts ref 1

  Cobden declines offer to join government ref 1

  urges defences against French war threat ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  and WEG’s 1860 budget ref 1, ref 2

  opposes repeal of paper duties ref 1, ref 2

  qualities as Prime Minister ref 1

  desire to end slave trade ref 1

  working relations with WEG ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  survival to old age ref 1

  and WEG’s 1861 budget ref 1

  and American Civil War ref 1

  popular reputation ref 1

  and appointmentofarchbishops ref 1n

  and borough franchise ref 1

  opposes WEG’s calls for reduction in defence expenditure ref 1

  eating habits ref 1n

  remonstrates with WEG for intervention in debate on Church in Ireland ref 1

  experience ref 1

  foreign policy ref 1

  relations with the Queen ref 1, ref 2

  Panizzi, (Sir) Anthony ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  paper duties: WEG repeals ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Paris

  siege and Commune (1870) ref 1

  WEG visits (1866) ref 1

  Paris, Treaty of (1857) ref 1

  Parish Councils Bill (1893) see Local Government Bill

  Parliament (House of Commons)

  non-Christian oaths ref 1, ref 2n, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  working arrangements and sittings ref 1

  and redistribution of seats ref 1

  Irish representation in ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  see also Lords, House of

  Parnell, Charles Stewart

  becomes Irish Nationalist leader ref 1, ref 2

  parliamentary performances ref 1

  arrest and release from Kilmainham Gaol ref 1, ref 2

  sets up Land League ref 1

  parliamentary filibustering ref 1

  relations with WEG ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  relations with Katherine O’Shea ref 1

  denounces murder of Cavendish ref 1

  qualities ref 1, ref 2

  alliance with Conservatives ref 1, ref 2

  and possible Liberal alliance ref 1

  meets Carnarvon ref 1

  proposes constitution for Ireland to WEG ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Irish election successes ref 1

  introduces Irish Tenants Relief Bill ref 1

  downfall after O’Shea divorce ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  in Times libel case ref 1

  cheered in Commons ref 1

  visits Hawarden ref 1

  death ref 1, ref 2, ref 3 hides ref 4

  re-elected leader of Irish parliamentary party ref 1

  turns against WEG after Morley letter ref 1, ref 2

  Irish reaction to ref 1

  marries Katherine O’Shea ref 1

  Peel, Arthur Wellesley (later 1st Viscount) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Peel, General Jonathan ref 1

  Peel, Sir Robert

  background ref 1, ref 2

  at Christ Church ref 1

  parliamentary and ministerial career ref 1, ref 2

  1834 government ref 1

  influence on WEG ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  and Catholic Emancipation ref 1, ref 2

  declines to form government (1839) ref 1

  dismisses WEG’s State and Church ref 1, ref 2

  political ascendancy ref 1, ref 2

  death ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Oxford University parliamentary seat ref 1, ref 2

  character and appearance ref 1

  religiosity ref 1

  1841 government ref 1

  and relations with Vatican ref 1

  praises WEG speech ref 1

  and Corn Laws repeal ref 1, ref 2

  resigns (1845) and resumes premiership ref 1

  1846 defeat and resignation ref 1

  speaks in Don Pacifico debate ref 1

  and Derby’s 1851 government ref 1

  WEG evokes ref 1

  reintroduces income tax ref 1, ref 2

  WEG unveils Manchester statue ref 1

  overrules Chancellors ref 1

  relations with Queen ref 1

  mental qualities ref 1

  classical learning ref 1

  relations with WEG ref 1

  conversion to free trade ref 1, ref 2

  Pelham, George, Bishop of Lincoln ref 1

  Pembroke Castle (ship) ref 1

  Pendjeh incident ref 1, ref 2

  Penmaenmawr, Wales ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  Penrhyn, George Sholto Gordon Douglas-Pennant, 2nd Lord ref 1

  Penrhyn, Gertrude Jessy, Lady (née Glynne) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Perceval, Spencer ref 1, ref 2

  Perceval, Dudley Montague ref 1

  Philiates, Albania ref 1

  Phillimore, Sir Robert

  at Christ Church, Oxford ref 1

  assists WEG on Oxford bill ref 1

  on WEG’s defence of Palmerston over Chinese incident ref 1

  and WEG’s promotion of universal male suffrage ref 1

  on WEG’s remoteness ref 1

  and WEG’s first premiership ref 1

  and WEG’s Irish Church Bill ref 1

  death ref 1

  Phillpotts, Henry, Bishop of Exeter ref 1, ref 2

  Phoenix Park murders (Dublin, 1882) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Piedmont: war with Austria ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Pierrepont, Edward ref 1

  Pigott, Richard ref 1

  Pironti, Michele ref 1

  Pitlochry (Scotland) ref 1, ref 2

  Pitt, William, the younger ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Pius IX, Pope ref 1

  and re-establishing of Catholic Church in England ref 1

  WEG’s audience with ref 1

  ultramontanism ref 1, ref 2

  and papal infallibility ref 1

  Döllinger opposes ref 1

  WEG reviews Discourses ref 1

  death ref 1

  Plan of Campaign (Irish) ref 1

  Playfair, Sir Lyon ref 1

  Plimsoll, Samuel ref 1

  Pocklington, Jane ref 1

  Poerio, Baron Carlo ref 1, ref 2n, ref 3, ref 4

  Ponsonby, General Sir Henry Frederick

  Mrs Thistlethwayte stays with sister ref 1

  becomes secretary to Queen ref 1

  and Queen’s health ref 1

  and Queen’s duties ref 1, ref 2

  Queen complains of WEG to ref 1

  on Queen’s conversations with WEG ref 1

  friendliness to WEG ref 1, ref 2

  acknowledges WEG’s memoranda to Queen ref 1, ref 2

  and Queen’s imperialist views ref 1

  and WEG’s 1886 premiership ref 1

  and Duke of Edinburgh’s Civil List allowance ref 1

  and WEG’s final resignation and succession ref 1

  Portarlington (Ireland) ref 1

  Portland, William John Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of ref 1

  Powell, Professor Baden ref 1

  Powell, Enoch ref 1

  Presbyterian Church of Scotland ref 1

  Primrose, (Sir) Henry ref 1

  Prince Imperial (Louis Napoleon) ref 1

  Privy Council: WEG appoints Collier to Judicial Committee ref 1

  prostitutes: WEG’s ‘rescue’ work with ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  Prussia see Franco-Prussian War

  Public Worship Bill (1874) ref 1

  Purcell, E.S. ref 1, ref 2

  Pusey, Edward Bouverie

  at Oriel College ref 1, ref 2

  opposes Rothschild oath bill ref 1

  acquires scourge ref 1

  Oxford interdiction on preaching ref 1

  Pusey, Philip ref 1, ref 2

  Putnam’s (New Yor
k publishers) ref 1

  Quarterly Review ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Queen’s College, Oxford ref 1

  Queen’s Colleges, Ireland ref 1

  Queensborough, Kent (parliamentary constituency) ref 1

  Railway Act (1844) ref 1

  railways

  nationalization ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  development of ref 1, ref 2n

  Rawson, Revd and Mrs William ref 1, ref 2 & n

  Reay, Thomas James Mackay, 11th Lord ref 1

  Redistribution of Seats Bill (1884) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Redmond, John ref 1

  Reeve, Henry ref 1

  Reform Bills: first (1831/2), ref 1, ref 2, second (1859), ref 3, 1866, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, 1867, ref 7, ref 8, 1884 (Franchise Bill) ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

  Reform Club, London ref 1

  Regimental Exchange Bill (1875) ref 1

  Reid (Midlothian agent) ref 1

  Reid, (Sir) Thomas Wemyss ref 1

  Rendel, Stuart (later 1st Lord) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Representation of the People Bills see Reform Bills

  Rhodes James, Sir Robert ref 1

  Ribbonmen (Ireland) ref 1

  Ricasoli, Bettino ref 1

  Richard, Henry ref 1

  Richmond, Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke of ref 1n

  Richmond, Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of ref 1, ref 2

  Ridley, Sir Matthew White (later 1st Viscount) ref 1

  Rio, Alexis François ref 1

  Ripon, Frederick John Robinson, 1st Earl of (formerly 1st Viscount Goderich) ref 1

  Ripon, George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 1st Marquess of (formerly Earl de Grey)

  relations with WEG ref 1

  awarded Garter ref 1

  Marquessate ref 1

  and elementary education reform ref 1

  and Alabama settlement ref 1

  resigns office and converts to Roman Catholicism ref 1

  as Viceroy of India ref 1

  WEG consults before opening of 1886 Parliament ref 1

  in WEG’s 1886 government ref 1

  in WEG’s 1892 government ref 1

  Roberts, Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh, 1st Earl ref 1

  Rochester, John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of ref 1

  Roebuck, John Arthur ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Rogers, Frederic ref 1

  Roman Catholic church

  WEG’s attitude to ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  re-establishment in England provokes Ecclesiastical Titles Bill ref 1

  concurrent endowment in Ireland ref 1

  and 1869 Irish Church Bill ref 1

  status in Ireland ref 1

  Romanes Lecture, first (1892): WEG delivers ref 1, ref 2

  Rome ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano

  Hyde Park home ref 1

  intellectual qualities ref 1

  Rose, Miss (Henry Glynne’s prospective wife) ref 1

  Rosebery, Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of

  and WEG’s work among prostitutes ref 1

  as Liberal PM ref 1