Rebel Voices
Page 78
5 Robert E. Doherty, “Thomas J. Hagerty, the Church, and Socialism,” Labor History, 3 (Winter, 1962), p. 53.
6 Proceedings of the First Convention of the I.W.W. (New York, 1905), pp. 228–31.
7 Ibid., p. 575.
8 “The I.W.W. Preamble,” in Paul F. Brissenden, The I.W.W.: A Study of American Syndicalism (New York, 1920), p. 350.
9 Ralph Chaplin, “Solidarity Forever,” Solidarity, January 9, 1915.
10 Quoted by Brissenden, p. 137.
11 Brissenden, Chapter 5.
12 Daniel De Leon, “The I.W.W. Convention,” Weekly People, October 3, 1908, quoted by Brissenden, p. 224.
13 “The I.W.W. Preamble,” in Brissenden, p. 350.
14 “The International Party” (“The Internationale”), in Socialist Songs (Chicago, 1901), p. 2.
15 Chaplin, “Solidarity Forever.”
Chapter 2
1 United States Commission on Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations, Final Report, Senate Executive Doc. No. 415, 64th Congress, 1st Sess., 2 (Washington, 1916), p. 1452.
2 Ibid., p. 1453.
3 Vincent St. John, The I.W.W.: Its History, Structure, and Methods (Chicago, n.d.), p. 17.
4 Justus Ebert, The I.W.W. in Theory and Practice (Chicago, n.d.), pp. 59–60.
5 Solidarity, December 18, 1909.
6 Andre Tridon, The New Unionism (New York, 1917), p. 32.
7 World’s Work, 26 (1913), p. 417.
8 Quoted by Justus Ebert, The Trial of a New Society (Chicago, 1913), p. 61.
9 St. John, The I.W.W.: Its History, Structure, and Methods, p. 12.
10 George G. Allen, “The Big Strike,” Solidarity, October 14, 1916.
11 Solidarity, September 4, 1915.
12 Waldo Browne, What’s What in the Labor Movement (New York, 1921), quoted by Archie Green, “John Neuhouse: Wobbly Folklorist,” Journal of American Folklore, 73 (No. 289), pp. 214–15.
13 Fred Thompson, The I.W.W.: Its First Fifty Years (Chicago, 1955), pp. 81–82.
14 Walker C. Smith, Sabotage, Its History, Philosophy, and Function (Spokane, n.d.), p. 8.
15 Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Sabotage: The Conscious Withdrawal of the Workers’ Industrial Efficiency (Cleveland, 1915), p. 5.
16 Solidarity, June 4, 1910.
17 Ibid.
18 National Constitution of the Socialist Party (Article II, Section 6) (Chicago, 1914), p. 2.
19 Testimony of William D. Haywood Before the Industrial Relations Commission (Chicago, n.d.), p. 35.
20 Ibid., p. 23.
21 Fred Thompson, The I.W.W.: Its First Fifty Years (Chicago, 1955), p. 85.
22 Solidarity, October 3, 1914.
23 Joe Hill, “A Rebel’s Toast,” Solidarity, June 27, 1914.
24 See “Language of the Migratory Worker.”
25 Robert Bruere, “The Industrial Workers of the World,” Harper’s Magazine, 137 (July 1918), p. 256.
26 Robert Bruere, “Following the Trail of the I.W.W.” (New York, 1918), p. 18.
27 Report of the President’s Mediation Commission to the President of the United States—Unrest in the Lumber Industry (Washington, 1918), p. 15.
28 National Civil Liberties Bureau, Memorandum Regarding the Persecution of the Radical Labor Movement in the U.S. (New York, 1919), p. 4.
29 E. F. Dowell, A History of Criminal Syndicalism Legislation in the United States (Baltimore, 1939), p. 36.
30 “Paint ‘Er Red,” Solidarity, November 7, 1914.
Chapter 3
1 Carleton H. Parker, The Casual Laborer and Other Essays (New York, 1920), p. 189.
2 Ibid., p. 190.
3 Archie Green, “John Neuhouse: Wobbly Folklorist,” Journal of American Folklore, 73 (No. 289), p. 201; see note 5.
4 John Greenway, American Folksongs of Protest (Philadelphia, 1953), p. 179.
5 Manuscript of an interview with Richard Brazier by Archie Green, New York City, December 31, 1960, in the library of Archie Green, University of Illinois.
6 Greenway, p. 199.
7 Richard Brazier interview.
8 Industrial Union Bulletin. October 24, 1908.
9 Parker, p. 119.
10 Ibid., p. 121.
11 For a description of “riding the rods,” see the introduction to George Milburn, The Hobo’s Hornbook (New York, 1930).
12 Parker, p. 121.
13 Nels Anderson, The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless Man (Chicago, 1923), p. 110.
14 Parker, pp. 71–72.
15 Ibid., p. 100.
16 Ibid., p. 106.
17 Ibid., p. 105.
18 Rexford G. Tugwell, “Casual of the Woods,” Survey, 44 (July 3, 1920), p. 472.
19 Solidarity, November 21, 1914.
20 Anderson, The Hobo, p. 87.
21 See “Language of the Migratory Worker.”
22 Harry Kemp, “The Lure of the Tramp,” Independent, 70 (June 8, 1911), p. 1270.
23 Bill Quirke, “The Sheep and the Goats,” in Hobo College Press Committee, Hobo Ballads (Cincinnati, n.d.), p. 12.
24 Anderson, p. 110.
25 Fred Thompson, The I.W.W.: Its First Fifty Years (Chicago, 1955), p. 47.
26 Quoted in an unpublished manuscript by William Haber, “The I.W.W.: Their Activities During the War” (University of Wisconsin, 1921), p. 28, in the library of Dean William Haber, University of Michigan.
27 Parker, pp. 78–79.
28 “The Boe’s Lament,” in Hobo College Press Committee, Hobo Ballads (Cincinnati, n.d.), p. 8.
29 Parker, p. 115.
30 James P. Thompson, “Revolutionary Class Unionism,” Twenty Five Years of Industrial Unionism (Chicago, 1930), pp. 6–7.
31 Fred Thompson, interviewed by Joyce L. Kornbluh (Chicago, Illinois), October 16, 1963.
32 Richard Brazier interview.
33 Ibid.
Chapter 4
1 Paul F. Brissenden, The I.W.W.: A Study of American Syndicalism (New York, 1920), p. 261.
2 Industrial Worker, October 28, 1909.
3 Fred Thompson, The I.W.W.: Its First Fifty Years (Chicago, 1955), p. 49.
4 Testimony of William D. Haywood Before the Industrial Relations Commission (Chicago, n.d.), p. 12.
5 Spokane Press, November 2, 1909.
6 Quoted in the Industrial Worker, October 26, 1910.
7 San Francisco Call, March 2, 1911.
8 Hyman Weintraub, “The I.W.W. in California: 1905–1931” (unpublished master’s thesis, Department of History, University of California at Los Angeles, 1947), p. 157.
9 Quoted in the Industrial Worker, March 21, 1912.
10 Solidarity, April 13, 1912.
11 Emma Goldman, Living My Life, 2 (New York, 1931), p. 494.
12 “Report of Commissioner Harris Weinstock,” Los Angeles Citizen, May 24, 1912, quoted by Selig Perlman and Philip Taft, History of Labor in the United States 1896–1932, 4, Labor Movements (New York, 1935), p. 241.
13 Ibid.
Chapter 5
1 Joe Hill to Oscar Larson, September 30, 1915, in Revolt, December 1915 (in Joe Hill files in the Labadie Collection).
2 Quoted in Barry Stavis, The Man Who Never Died (New York, 1954), p. 29.
3 Testimony of Mrs. Vera Hanson, as cited in James O. Morris, “The Joe Hill Case” (unpublished manuscript in Labadie Collection).
4 Deseret Evening News, January 12, 1914, quoted in Morris, p. 7.
5 Stavis, p. 29.
6 Voice of the People, May 21, 1914.
7 Solidarity, April 18, 1914.
8 Solidarity, July 31, 1915, quoted by Vernon H. Jensen, “The Legend of Joe Hill,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 4, (April, 1951), p. 360.
9 Stavis, p. 53.
10 Ibid., p. 76.
11 Ibid., p. 88.
12 Ibid., p. 90.
13 Ibid., p. 91.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 New York Times, November 20, 1915.
17 Stavis, p. 108.
19 John Greenway, American Folksongs of Protest (Philadelphia, 1953), p. 192.
20 “Last Letters of Joe Hill,” Industrial Pioneer, 1 (December 1923), p. 54.
21 Ibid., p. 53.
22 Ibid.
23 Undated letter by Fred Fischer (in Joe Hill file in the Labadie Collection).
24 Ralph Chaplin, “Joe Hill: A Biography,” p. 23.
25 Wallace Stegner, “I Dreamed I Saw Joe Hill Last Night,” Pacific Spectator, 1 (Spring, 1947), p. 187.
26 Zapeta Modesto (Barry Nichols), “Joe Hill, Some Notes on an American Culture Hero,” Wobbly (Berkeley, 1963), p. 9.
Chapter 6
1 Paul F. Brissenden, The I.W.W.: A Study of American Syndicalism (New York, 1920), p. 291.
2 Report on the Strike of Textile Workers at Lawrence, Massachusetts, 62nd Congress, 2nd Sess., Senate Doc. 870 (Washington, 1912), p. 72.
3 Ibid., p. 154.
4 Hearings on the Strike at Lawrence, Massachusetts, 62nd Congress, 2nd Sess., House Doc. No. 671 (Washington, 1912), p. 32.
5 Dr. Elizabeth Shapleigh, “Occupational Diseases in the Textile Industry,” New York Call, December 29, 1912.
6 Ibid.
7 Quoted in Bill Cahn, Milltown (New York, 1954), p. 140.
8 Al Priddy, “Controlling the Passions of Men in Lawrence,” Outlook, 102 (October 19, 1912), p. 344.
9 “After the Strike in Lawrence,” Outlook, 101 (June 15, 1912), p. 341.
10 Samuel Yellen, American Labor Struggles (New York, 1936), p. 183.
11 Hearings, pp. 124–39.
12 Quoted in Richard O. Boyer and Herbert M. Morais, Labor’s Untold Story (New York, 1955), p. 175.
13 Ray Stannard Baker, “The Revolutionary Strike,” American, 74 (May 1912), pp. 30A-30B.
14 New York Times, January 26, 1912.
15 Fred Beal, A Proletarian’s Journey (New York, 1937), p. 39.
16 Hearings, pp. 294–95.
17 Ibid., p. 227.
18 Ibid., p. 24.
19 Ibid., p. 164.
20 Yellen, p. 203.
21 Quoted in Brissenden, p. 291.
22 “After the Battle,” Survey, 28 (April 6, 1912), pp. 1–2.
23 Kenneth McGowan, “Giovannitti: Poet of the Wop,” Forum, 52 (October 1914), p. 611.
Chapter 7
1 “Haywood’s Battle in Paterson,” Literary Digest, 46 (May 10, 1913), pp. 1043–44.
2 “Strike of the Jersey Silk Workers,” Survey, 30 (April 19, 1913), p. 81.
3 John Fitch, “The I.W.W.: An Outlaw Organization,” Survey, 30 (June 7, 1913), p. 361.
4 Quoted in New York Tribune, February 26, 1913.
5 Ibid., February 28, 1913.
6 Quoted by Gregory Mason, “Industrial War in Paterson,” Outlook, 104 (June 7, 1913), p. 287.
7 Ibid.
8 Bill Haywood’s Book (New York, 1929), p. 269 .
9 Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, I Speak My Own Piece (New York, 1955), p. 152.
10 Quoted by Fitch, p. 361.
11 Excerpts from the Paterson Press reprinted in Industrial Relations Final Report, 3, pp. 2583–84.
12 Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, “The Truth About the Paterson Strike” (speech delivered to New York Civic Club Forum, January 31, 1914), p. 13 (manuscript in Labadie Collection).
13 Leo Mannheimer, “Darkest New Jersey,” Independent, 74 (May 29, 1913), p. 1190.
14 Solidarity, July 19, 1913.
15 Granville Hicks, John Reed (New York, 1936), p. 98.
16 Ibid., p. 101.
17 Mabel Dodge Luhan, Movers and Shakers (New York, 1936), p. 204.
18 Hicks, p. 102.
19 The Pageant of the Paterson Strike (New York, 1913).
20 Luhan, p. 205.
21 Ibid., p. 204.
22 Hicks, p. 103.
23 Ibid.
Chapter 8
1 Stuart M. Jamieson, Labor Unionism in American Agriculture, Bureau of Labor Statistics Bull. No. 836 (Washington, 1945), p. 63.
2 Carleton H. Parker, The Casual Laborer and Other Essays (New York, 1920), p. 189.
3 Ibid., p. 191.
4 Ibid., pp. 191–92.
5 Quoted in William Preston, Jr., Aliens and Dissenters (Cambridge, 1963), p. 57.
6 Industrial Relations, Final Report, 5, p. 5000.
7 Sacramento Bee, February 9, 1914, quoted by Wood-row Whitten, “The Wheatland Episode,” Pacific Historical Quarterly, 17 (1948), p. 41.
8 Quoted in Preston, p. 59.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid.
11 Ibid., p. 60.
12 Ibid., p. 61.
13 Paul S. Taylor, Migratory Farm Labor in the United States, Bureau of Labor Statistics Bull. No. R. 530, pp. 2–3
14 Tom Connors, “The Industrial Union in Agriculture,” Twenty-Five Years of Industrial Unionism (Chicago, 1930), p. 38.
15 Don D. Lescohier, “With the I.W.W. in the Wheat Lands,” Harpers, 147 (August 1923), p. 376.
16 Agriculture—The World’s Basic Industry and Its Workers (Chicago, 1929), p. 26; Jamieson, p. 402.
17 Mitchell, South Dakota Morning Republican, quoted by Jamieson, p. 402.
18 Thorstein Veblen, “Using the I.W.W. to Harvest Grain,” in “An Unpublished Paper on the I.W.W. by Thorstein Veblen,” Journal of Political Economy, 40 (December 1932), pp. 372–77.
19 Jamieson, p. 402.
20 Jamieson, p. 403.
21 Ibid.
22 Taylor, p. 3.
Chapter 9
1 Floyd Dell, “The Invincible I.W.W.,” Liberator, 2 (May 1919), p. 9.
2 Rexford G. Tugwell, “The Casual of the Woods,” Survey, 44 (July 3, 1920), p. 472.
3 Bill Haywood’s Book (New York, 1929), pp. 241-42.
4 Quoted by Vernon H. Jensen, Lumber and Labor (New York, 1945), p. 89.
5 C. Merz, “Tying Up Western Lumber,” New Republic, 12 (September 29, 1917), p. 242.
6 Ibid., p. 244.
7 Dell, pp. 9–10.
8 Congressional Record, 65th Congress, 2nd Sess., 56 (1918), p. 3821.
9 Report of the President’s Mediation Commission to the President of the United States—Unrest in the Lumber Industry (Washington, 1918), p. 14.
10 Jensen, p. 130.
11 Ralph Winstead, “Enter a Logger: An I.W.W. Reply to the Four L’s,” Survey, 44 (July 3, 1920), p. 475.
12 Dell, p. 9.
13 American Civil Liberties Union, The Issues in the Centralia Murder Trial (New York, 1920), p. 7.
14 Ibid.
15 Teresa McMahon, “Centralia and the I.W.W.,” Survey, 43 (November 29, 1919), p. 174.
16 Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, The Centralia Case: A Joint Report on the Armistice Day Tragedy at Centralia, Washington, November 1919 (New York, 1930), p. 23.
17 Ibid.
18 Ibid.
19 Jensen, p. 144.
Chapter 10
1 Labor Troubles at Goldfield, Nevada, 60th Congress, 1st Sess., House Doc. No. 607, p. 21.
2 Vincent St. John, The I.W.W.: Its History, Structure and Methods (Chicago, 1919), p. 18.
3 Works Projects Administration, Montana: A State Guide Book (New York, 1939), p. 70.
4 Paul F. Brissenden, “The Butte Miners and the Rustling Card,” American Economic Review, 10 (December 1920), p. 765.
5 Ibid., p. 764.
6 Vernon H. Jensen, Heritage of Conflict (New York, 1950), p. 323.
7 Brissenden, “The Butte Miners and the Rustling Card,” p. 757.
8 Quoted in Selig Perlman and Philip Taft, History of Labor in the United States 1896–1932, 4, Labor Movements (New York, 1935), p. 389
9 Quoted in Jensen, pp. 396–97.
10 Ibid., p. 397.
11 Robert W. Bruere, “Copper Camp Patriotism,” Nation, 106 (February 21, 1918), p. 202.
12 Perlman and Taft, p. 400.
13 Quoted by William Preston
, Jr., Aliens and Dissenters (Cambridge, 1963), p. 109.
14 Perlman and Taft, p. 401.
15 George R. Tompkins, The Truth About Butte, p. 35, quoted by John Steuben, Labor in Wartime (New York, 1940), pp. 89–90.
16 Work Projects Administration, Montana, p. 74.
17 Tompkins, p. 37, quoted by Steuben, pp. 90–91.
18 Work Projects Administration, Copper Camp: Stories of the World’s Greatest Mining Town, Butte, Montana (New York, 1943), p. 67.
19 Quoted in Preston, p. 111.
20 Ibid.
21 Ibid., p. 112.
22 Ibid., p. 113.
23 Ibid., p. 309.
Chapter 11
1 I.W.W. General Executive Board Statement on War, quoted by William Preston, Jr., Aliens and Dissenters (Cambridge, 1963), pp. 88–89.
2 Industrial Workers of the World, Proceedings of the Tenth Convention 1916 (Chicago, 1917), p. 138.
3 James P. Thompson, quoted by Walker C. Smith, The Everett Massacre: A History of the Class Struggle in the Lumber Industry (Chicago, n.d.), p. 183.
4 Selig Perlman and Philip Taft, History of Labor in the United States 1896–1932, 4, Labor Movements (New York, 1935), p. 400.
5 John S. Gambs, The Decline of the I.W.W. (New York, 1932), p. 47.
6 Gambs, p. 48.
7 Ibid.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid.
11 National Civil Liberties Bureau, The “Knights of Liberty” and the I.W.W. Prisoners at Tulsa, Oklahoma (New York, 1918), pp. 9–10.
12 Quoted by Gambs, p. 44.
13 “What Haywood Says of the I.W.W.,” Survey, 38 (August 11, 1917), p. 429.
14 Ralph Chaplin, Wobbly: The Rough and Tumble Story of an American Radical (Chicago, 1948), p. 209.
15 Ibid.
16 William Preston, Jr., Aliens and Dissenters (Cambridge, 1963), p. 105.
17 Ibid.
18 Letter from Richard Brazier to the editor, December 14, 1963.
19 The United States of America vs. William D. Haywood, et al.; Indictment on Sections 6, 19, and 37 of the Criminal Code of the United States, and Section 4 of the Espionage Act of June 15, 1917 (Chicago, n.d.).
20 Art Young and John Reed, “The Social Revolution in Court,” Liberator, 1 (September 1918), p. 20.
21 Ibid.
22 Bill Haywood’s Book (New York, 1929), p. 322.
23 Ibid., p. 324
24 Jean Sterling, “The Silent Defense in Sacramento,” Liberator, 2 (February 1919), p. 15.
25 Undated, unsigned clipping belonging to Mary Gallagher, quoted in Hyman Weintraub, “The I.W.W. in California” (unpublished ms., University of California, 1947), p. 157.