Bugged

by David MacNeal

  Bibliography

  Chapter One: A Cabinet of Curiosity

  Throughout this chapter, and for that matter the entire book, I have researched from two crucial sources for which I couldn’t be more thankful: History of Entomology and Encyclopedia of Insects. They both served as insect bibles, and a number of quotes come from these books. Additionally, J. F. M. Clark’s Bugs and the Victorians was an excellent source.

  Aiso, Shigetoshi, et al. “Carcinogenicity and Chronic Toxicity in Mice and Rats Exposed by Inhalation to Para-dichlorobenzene for Two Years.” Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 67:10 (2005): 1019–29.

  Axson, Scooby. “New Campus Trend: Cricket Spitting?” Columbia News Service, April 4, 2012. http://www.startribune.com/new-campus-trend-cricket-spitting/146103835/

  Bamford, Mary Ellen. The Second Year of the Look-About Club. Boston: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co., 1889.

  Boisduval, Jean-Baptiste. “Notice: Sur M. Le Conte DeJean.” Annals of the Entomological Society of France 2 (1845): 502–3.

  Clark, J. F. M. Bugs and the Victorians. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009.

  Dacke, Marie, et al. “Dung Beetles Use the Milky Way for Orientation.” Current Biology 23:4 (2013): 298–300.

  Damkaer, David M. The Copepodologist’s Cabinet: A Biographical and Bibliographical History. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 2002.

  Epstein, Marc E., and Pamela M. Henson. “Digging for Dyar: The Man behind the Myth.” American Entomologist 38:3 (1992): 148–71.

  Gillott, Cedric. Entomology. New York: Plenum Press, 1980.

  Häggqvist, Sibylle, Sven Olof Ulefors, and Fredrick Ronquist. “A New Species Group in Megaselia, the Lucifrons Group, with Descriptions of New Species.” ZooKeys 512 (2015): 89–108.

  Jones, Emma. Tuscany and Umbria. Edison, NJ: Hunter Publishing Inc., 2008.

  Kaiser, Aaron. “Springfest Offers Family-Friendly Activities, Including Cricket Spitting.” The Exponent, April 11, 2014. http://www.purdueexponent.org/features/article_1dccf9bc-3eb1-5e31-bdf9-bf6dbf75138a.html

  Louis, Figuier, and Peter Martin Duncan. The Insect World. New York: D. Appleton, 1872.

  Lubbock, John. “On the Objects of a Collection of Insects.” The Entomologist’s Annual (1856): 115–21.

  Mawdsley, Jonathan R. “The Entomological Collection of Thomas Say.” Psyche 100:3–4 (1993): 163–71.

  Plautz, Jason. “Schwarzenegger Beetles (and Other Celebrity Species).” Mental Floss, July 29, 2008. http://mentalfloss.com/article/19203/schwarzenegger-beetles-and-other-celebrity-species

  Resh, Vincent H., and Ring T. Cardé, eds. Encyclopedia of Insects. Boston: Academic Press, 2003.

  Rothschild, Miriam, et al. “Execution of the Jump and Activity.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 271:914 (1975): 499–515.

  Schiebinger, Londa. The Mind Has No Sex?: Women in the Origins of Modern Science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989.

  Seto, Chris. “Guelph Barcoding Conference Highlights Need for ‘Library of Life.’” Guelph Mercury, August 9, 2015. http://www.guelphmercury.com/news-story/5804236-guelph-barcoding-conference-highlights-need-for-library-of-life-/

  Seven Wonders of the World: Miriam Rothschild. Narr. Sue Lawley. Dir. Christopher Sykes. BBC. 1995.

  Shepardson, Daniel P. “Bugs, Butterflies, and Spiders: Children’s Understandings about Insects.” International Journal of Science Education 24:6 (2002): 627–43.

  Smith, Ray F., Thomas E. Mittler, and Carroll N. Smith, eds. History of Entomology. Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews Inc., 1973.

  Spilman, T. J. “Vignettes of 100 Years of the Entomological Society of Washington.” Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 86:1 (1984): 1–10.

  Chapter Two: Buried Cities

  This chapter would not exist were it not for the revolutionary work of E. O. Wilson and Bert Hölldobler. Pull quotes from The Ants and Journey to the Ants were used for the “Gospel” inserts in the chapter, as was Mr. Wilson’s fantastic novel Anthill. Quotes from Deborah M. Gordon were from both our interview and her impressive research papers and book.

  Anderson, David J., and Ralph Adolphs. “A Framework for Studying Emotions across Phylogeny.” Cell 157:1 (2014): 187–200.

  Bova, Jake. “Do Insects Feel Pain?” Relax I’m an Entomologist. Tumblr, May 25, 2013. http://relaximanentomologist.tumblr.com/post/51301520453/do-insects-feel-pain

  Colorni, Alberto, Marco Dorigo, and Vittorio Maniezzo. “Distributed Ant Optimization by Ant Colonies.” Proceedings of the First European Conference on Artificial Life. Elsevier Publishing (1991): 134–42.

  de Bruyn, L. A. Lobry, and A. J. Conacher. “The Role of Termites and Ants in Soil Modification: A Review.” Australian Journal of Soil Research 28 (1990): 55–93.

  Dorn, Ronald. “Ants as Powerful Biotic Agent of Olivine and Plagioclase Dissolution.” Geology 42:9 (2014): 771–74.

  Drager, Kim. “Plasticity of Soil-Dwelling Ant Nest Architecture and Effects on Soil Properties in Environments of Contrasting Soil Texture.” Entomological Society of America Conference, November 17, 2015, Minneapolis Convention Center, Minneapolis, Minn., Joint Symposium.

  E. O. Wilson: Of Ants and Men. Writ. Graham Townsley. Dir. Shelly Schulze. Shining Red Productions, Inc., 2015. http://www.pbs.org/program/eo-wilson/

  Gordon, Deborah M. Ant Encounters: Interaction Networks and Colony Behavior. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010.

  ____. “From Division of Labor to the Collective Behavior of Social Insects.” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (2015): 1–8.

  ____. “What Ants Teach Us About the Brain, Cancer and the Internet.” TED 2014. https://www.ted.com/talks/deborah_gordon_what_ants_teach_us_about_the_brain_cancer_and_the_internet

  Gorman, James. “To Study Aggression, A Fight Club for Flies.” New York Times, February 3, 2014. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/04/science/to-study-aggression-a-fight-club-for-flies.html

  Hölldobler, Bert, and Edward O. Wilson. Journey to the Ants: A Story of Scientific Exploration. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1995.

  ____. The Ants. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1990.

  Hoy, Ron, and Jayne Yack. “Hearing.” Encyclopedia of Insects. Vincent H. Resh and Ring T. Cardé, eds. 2nd edition. Boston: Academic Press, 2009. 440–46.

  Ito, Kei, et al. “A Systematic Nomenclature for the Insect Brain.” Neuron 81:4 (2014): 755–65.

  Land, Michael F. “Eyes and Vision.” Encyclopedia of Insects. Vincent H. Resh and Ring T. Cardé, eds. 2nd edition. Boston: Academic Press, 2009. 345–55.

  Mery, Frederic, and Tadeusz J. Kawecki. “Experimental Evolution of Learning Ability in Fruit Flies.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 99:22 (2002): 14274–79.

  Mitchell, B. K. “Chemoreception.” Encyclopedia of Insects. Vincent H. Resh and Ring T. Cardé, eds. 2nd edition. Boston: Academic Press, 2009. 148–52.

  Moser, John C. “Contents and Structure of Atta texana Nest in Summer.” Annals of the Entomological Society of American 56:3 (1963): 286–91.

  Papaj, Daniel R., and Emilie C. Snell-Rood. “Memory Flies Sooner from Flies that Learn Faster.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 104:34 (2007): 13539–40.

  Planet Ant: Life Inside the Colony. Narr. George McGavin and Adam G. Hart. Dir. Graham Russell. BBC. 2012.

  Prabhakar, Balaji, Katherine N. Dektar, and Deborah M. Gordon. “Anternet: The Regulation of Harvester Ant Foraging and Internet Congestion Control.” Communication, Control, and Computing, 2012 50th Annual Allerton Conference (2012): 1355–59.

  Schultz, Kevin. “Ants May Boost CO2 Absorption Enough to Slow Global Warming.” Scientific American, August 12, 2014. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ants-may-boost-co2-absorption-enough-to-slow-global-warming/

  Sierzputowski, Kate. “Macro Photograph’s of Nature’s Tiniest Architects by Nick Bay.” This Is Colossal, February 19, 2016. http://ww
w.thisiscolossal.com/2016/02/macro-photographs-of-natures-tiniest-architects-by-nicky-bay/

  Strausfeld, Nicholas J. “Brain and Optic Lobes.” Encyclopedia of Insects. Vincent H. Resh and Ring T. Cardé, eds. 2nd edition. Boston: Academic Press, 2009. 121–30.

  Stützle, Thomas, Manuel López-Ibáñez, and Marco Dorigo. “A Concise Overview of Applications of Ant Colony Optimization.” Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

  Tompkins, Joshua. “Empire of the Ant.” Los Angeles Magazine, February 2001, 66.

  Tschinkel, Walter R. “Subterranean Ant Nests: Trace Fossils Past and Future?” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 192 (2003): 321–33.

  “Visualizing the Future.” State of Tomorrow. The University of Texas Foundation. PBS. 2012.

  Wangberg, James K. Do Bees Sneeze?: And Other Questions Kids Ask About Insects. Golden, CO: Fulcrum Publishing, 1997.

  Wilson, Edward O. Anthill. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2010.

  ____. Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2000.

  Wilson, Mark. “An Ant Ballet, Choreographed by Pheromones and Robots.” Fast Company’s Co. Design, May 23, 2012. https://www.fastcodesign.com/1669858/an-ant-ballet-choreographed-by-pheromones-and-robots

  Yong, Ed. “Ants Write Architectural Plans into the Walls of Their Buildings.” National Geographic, January 18, 2016. http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2016/01/18/ants-write-architectural-plans-into-the-walls-of-their-buildings/

  ____. “Tracking Whole Colonies Shows Ants Make Career Moves.” Nature, April 18, 2013. http://www.nature.com/news/tracking-whole-colonies-shows-ants-make-career-moves-1.12833

  Chapter Three: “Even Educated Fleas Do It”

  Insect reproduction and, more so, conservation are little-discussed imperatives of the world. At least that’s what I found, and why these works and theories were extremely helpful during the research for this chapter. Robert Dunn’s paper and the works of Michael Samways (Insect Diversity Conservation and Insect Conservation) are largely featured, as well as Jeffrey Lockwood’s American Entomologist paper titled “Voices from the Past” and his book The Infested Mind. As for the intriguing subject of bug sex, I recommend James Wangberg’s Six-Legged Sex and Marlene Zuk’s Sex on Six Legs, which both shed a lot of light on bizarre sexual acts. And speaking of Marlene Zuk, our interview was very illuminating, as was my interview with Timothy Mousseau.

  Adamo, Shelley A., et al. “Climate Change and Temperate Zone Insects: The Tyranny of Thermodynamics Meets the World of Limited Resources.” Environmental Entomology 41:6 (2012): 1644–52.

  Angilletta, Michael J., Jr., Raymond B. Huey, and Melanie R. Frazier. “Thermodynamic Effects on Organismal Performance: Is Hotter Better?” Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 83:2 (2010): 197–206.

  Associated Press. “Man Arrested for Lighting Tarantula-Fed Fire.” Lubbock Avalanche-Journal, July 20, 2003. http://lubbockonline.com/stories/072003/reg_0720030077.shtml#.WIaQ3bYrKi4

  Berenbaum, May R. Bugs in the System: Insects and Their Impact on Human Affairs. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1995.

  ____. “Rad Roaches.” American Entomologist 47:3 (2001): 132–33.

  Binks, S., D. Chan, and N. Medford. “Abolition of Lifelong Specific Phobia: A Novel Therapeutic Consequence of Left Mesial Temporal Lobectomy.” Neurocase 21:1 (2015): 79–84.

  Bonebrake, Timothy C., and Curtis A. Deutsch. “Climate Heterogeneity Modulates Impact of Warming on Tropical Insects.” Ecology 93:2 (2012): 449–55.

  Boyd, Brian, and Robert Michael Pyle, eds. Nabokov’s Butterflies. Boston: Beacon Press, 2000.

  Caballero-Mendieta, N., and Carlos Cordero. “Enigmatic Liaisons in Lepidoptera: A Review of Same-Sex Courtship and Copulation in Butterflies and Moths.” Journals of Insect Science (2012) 12:138. Available online: http://www.insectscience.org/12.138.

  Choe, Jae C., and Bernard J. Crespi, eds. The Evolution of Mating Systems in Insects and Arachnids. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

  Dewaraja, Ratnin. “Formicophilia, an Unusual Paraphilia, Treated with Counseling and Behavior Therapy.” American Journal of Psychotherapy 41:4 (1987): 593–97.

  Dunn, Robert R. “Modern Insect Extinctions, the Neglected Majority.” Conservation Biology 19 (2005): 1030–36.

  Fountain, Henry. “At Chernobyl, Hints of Nature’s Adaptation.” New York Times, May 5, 2014. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/06/science/nature-adapts-to-chernobyl.html

  Giant weta/wetapunga. New Zealand’s Department of Conservation. http://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/native-animals/invertebrates/weta/giant-weta-wetapunga/

  Hajna, Larry. “Biologist Studies Elusive Worm.” Courier-Post, March 28, 2006. https://beta.groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/ParanormalGhostSociety/conversations/messages/36043

  Hogue, Charles Leonard. Latin American Insects and Entomology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

  Kaplan, Sarah. “The White House Plan to Save the Monarch Butterfly: Build a Butterfly Highway.” Washington Post, May 21, 2015. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/05/21/the-white-house-plan-to-save-the-monarch-butterfly-build-a-butterfly-highway/?utm_term=.6d1c902fb9d7

  Kritsky, Gene, and Ron Cherry. Insect Mythology. San Jose, CA: Writers Club Press, 2000.

  Krulwich, Robert. “Six-Legged Giant Finds Secret Hideaway, Hides for 80 Years.” NPR, February 29, 2012. http://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2012/02/24/147367644/six-legged-giant-finds-secret-hideaway-hides-for-80-years

  Li, Shu, et al. “Forever Love: The Hitherto Earliest Record of Copulating Insects from the Middle Jurassic of China.” PLoS ONE (2013): e78188.

  Lloyd, J. E. “Mating Behavior and Natural Selection.” Florida Entomologist 62:1 (1979): 17–34.

  Lockwood, Jeffery A. “Voices from the Past: What We Can Learn from the Rocky Mountain Locust.” American Entomologist 47:4 (2001): 208–15.

  ____. The Infested Mind: Why Humans Fear, Loathe, and Love Insects. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.

  Møller, Anders, and Timothy A. Mousseau. “Reduced Abundance of Insects and Spiders Linked to Radiation at Chernobyl 20 Years after the Accident.” Biology Letters 5:3 (2009): 356–59.

  Molur, Sanjay, Manju Silliwal, and B. A. Daniel. “At Last! Indian Tarantulas on ICUN Red List.” Zoo’s Print 506 (2008): 1–3.

  O’Brien, R. D., and L. S. Wolfe. Radiation, Radioactivity, and Insects. New York: Academic Press, 1964.

  Paynter, Ben. “The Bug Wrangler.” Wired, May 2012: 113.

  Penny, D., and J. E. Jepson. Fossil Insects: An Introduction to Palaeoentomology. Manchester, UK: Siri Scientific Press, 2014.

  Priddel, David, et al. “Rediscovery of the ‘Extinct’ Lord Howe Island Stick Insect and Recommendations for Its Conservation.” Biodiversity and Conservation 12 (2003): 1391–1403.

  Pyle, Robert Michael. “Between Climb and Cloud.” Nabokov’s Butterflies: Unpublished and Uncollected Writings. Brian Boyd and Robert Michael Pyle, eds. Boston: Beacon Press, 2000.

  “Quick Evolution Leads to Quiet Crickets.” Understanding Evolution. University of California, Berkeley. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/061201_quietcrickets

  Ricciuti, Ed. “Wisconsin Butterfly Conservation Program Could Be Model for Future Efforts.” Entomology Today, Entomological Society of America, June 26, 2015. https://entomologytoday.org/2015/06/26/wisconsin-butterfly-conservation-program-could-be-a-model-for-future-efforts/

  Rothenberg, David. Bug Music: How Insects Gave Us Rhythm and Noise. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2013.

  Sadowski, Jennifer A., Allen J. Moore, and Edmund D. Brodie III. “The Evolution of Empty Nuptial Gifts in a Dance Fly, Empis snoodyi: Bigger Isn’t Always Better.” Behavioral Ecological Sociobiology 45 (1999): 161–66.

  Samways, Michael J. Insect Diversity Conservation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

  ____. “Insect Extinctions and Insect Survival.”
Conservation Biology 20:1 (2006): 245–46.

  Samways, Michael J., Melodie A. McGeoch, and Tim R. New. Insect Conservation: A Handbook of Approaches and Methods. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

  Schultz, Stanley A., and Marguerite J. Schultz. The Tarantula Keeper’s Guide. Hauppauge, NY: Barron’s, 1998.

  Schwander, Tanja, Lee Henry, and Bernard J. Crespi. “Molecular Evidence for Ancient Asexuality in Timema Stick Insects.” Current Biology 21:13 (2011): 1129–34.

  Shain, Daniel H. “The Ice Worm’s Secret.” Alaska Park Science Journal 3:1 (2004): 31.

  United Press International. “National Insect: Bee or Butterfly?” Lodi News-Sentinel, December 13, 1989: 10.

  Taira, Wataru, et al. “Fukushima’s Biological Impacts: The Case of the Pale Grass Blue Butterfly.” Journal of Heredity 105:5 (2014): 710–22.

  Tinghitella, R.M., et al. “Island Hopping Introduces Polynesian Field Crickets to Novel Environments, Genetic Bottlenecks and Rapid Evolution.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24 (2011): 1199–1211.

  Wangberg, James K. Six-Legged Sex: The Erotic Lives of Bugs. Golden, CO: Fulcrum Publishing, 2001.

  Whitcomb, W. H., and R. Eason. “The Mating Behavior of Peucetia viridans.” Florida Entomologist 48:3 (1964): 163–67.

  Wilson, Edward O. “The Little Things that Run the World (the Importance and Conservation of Invertebrates).” Conservation Biology 1 (1987): 344–46.

  Yoshizawa, Kazunori, et al. “Female Penis, Male Vagina, and Their Correlated Evolution in a Cave Insect.” Current Biology 24:9 (2014): 1006–10.

  Zuk, Marlene. Sex on Six Legs: Lessons on Life Love & Language from the Insect World. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011.

  ____. “What We Learn from Insects’ Sex Lives.” TED Women 2015. https://www.ted.com/talks/marlene_zuk_what_we_learn_from_insects_kinky_sex_lives

  Zuk, Marlene, John T. Rotenberry, and Robin M. Tinghitella. “Silent Night: Adaptive Disappearance of a Sexual Signal in a Parasitized Population of Field Crickets.” Biology Letters 2:4 (2006): 521–24.

  Chapter Four: The On-Flying Things

  Hands down the two books taking the spotlight in researching for this chapter were Molly Caldwell Crosby’s The American Plague and Jim Murphy’s An American Plague. Similarly titled but distinctly different in their narrative focus on yellow fever epidemics. Ditto the books Justinian’s Flea and Rats, Lice and History, in case you want to know more about arboviruses. My interview with Mike Turell was especially informative. As for the ecological impact of beetles, Andrew Nikiforuk’s Empire of the Beetle served as another main source for the chapter.